, THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, FOURTH EDITION CHAPTE
3 3 3 3 3
R 1: ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
3 3 3 3 3 3
AND THEIR ROLES IN DEFENSE
3 3 3 3
©320153GARLAND3 SCIENCE
1–1 The3last3cases3of3smallpox3were3reported3in3the3 .
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
e. 1990s.
1–2 The3first3line3of3defense3against3microorganisms3that3infect3the3body3is3referred3to3as
.
a. opportunistic3immunity
b. innate3immunity
c. adaptive3immunity
d. primary3immunity
e. central3immunity.
1–3 Which3of3the3following3pairs3is3mismatched?
a. innate3immunity:3highly3specialized3defenses
b. secondary3immune3response:3immunological3memory
c. hematopoiesis:3bone3marrow
d. phagocytosis:3uptake3and3killing3of3microbes
e. lymphocyte3recirculation:3continuous3transport3between3blood3and3lymph.
1–4 All3of3the3following3are3examples3of3chemical3barriers3of3innate3immunity3except3 .
a. lactic3acid
b. normal3microbiota
c. lysozyme
d. fatty3acids
e. proteases.
1–5 When3effector3lymphocytes3secrete3 ,3an3inflammatory3response3ensues.
a. lysozyme
b. defensins
c. lymph
d. sebum
e. cytokines.
1–6 The3thin3layer3of3cells3that3makes3up3the3interior3lining3of3the3blood3vessels3is3called3the
.
a. mucosa
1
,b. epithelium
c. endothelium
d. connective3tissue
e. lymphoid3tissue.
1–7 Identify3the3incorrect3statement3regarding3hematopoiesis.
a. Hematopoiesis3is3a3continuous3process3that3occurs3throughout3one’s3lifetime.
b. The3location3for3hematopoiesis3differs3with3age.
c. Self3renewal3is3necessary3to3replenish3the3supply3of3hematopoietic3stem3cells.
d. Most3hematopoiesis3occurs3in3the3bone3marrow3after3birth.
e. Leukocytes,3but3not3erythrocytes,3must3go3through3hematopoiesis3in3order3to3develop.
1–8 The3progenitors3of3macrophages3are3 .
a. megakaryocytes
b. dendritic3cells
c. monocytes
d. neutrophils
e. erythrocytes
f. M3cells.
1–9 act3as3cellular3messengers3by3delivering3degraded3pathogens3to3lymphoid3organs.
a. Plasma3cells
b. Dendritic3cells
c. Large3granular3lymphocytes
d. Mast3cells
e. Basophils.
1–10 Another3name3for3a3large3granular3lymphocyte3is3a3 .
a. plasma3cell
b. helper3T3cell
c. monocyte
d. natural3killer3cell
e. eosinophil.
1–11 Effector3cells3that3secrete3antibodies3are3known3as3 .
a. natural3killer3cells
b. cytotoxic3T3cells
c. helper3T3cells
d. M3cells
e. plasma3cells
f. regulatory3T3cells.
1–12
Spherical3regions3in3lymph3nodes3containing3areas3that3are3packed3densely3wit
h3proliferating3B3cells3are3called3 .
a. efferent3vessels
b. germinal3centers
2
, c. red3pulp3zones
d. periarterial3lymphoid3sheaths
e. medullary3sinuses.
1–13 The3 is3(are)3the3lymphoid3organ(s)3that3filter(s)3the3blood.
a. spleen
b. tonsils
c. Peyer’s3patches
d. appendix
e. adenoids.
1–14 cells3persist3long3after3an3individual3has3been3vaccinated.
a. Neutrophil
b. Plasma
c. Memory
d. M
e. Mast.
1–15 During3an3infection,3 are3mobilized3in3large3numbers3from3the3bone3marrow.
a. dendritic3cells
b. memory3cells
c. macrophages
d. neutrophils
e. B3cells.
1–16 In3most3cases,3adaptive3immune3responses3rely3on3the3initial3activation3of3
in3secondary3lymphoid3tissue:
a. macrophages
b. T3cells
c. B3cells
d. dendritic3cells
e. epithelium.
1–17 All3of3the3following3statements3are3characteristic3of3secondary3immune3responses3except
.
a. Secondary3immune3responses3are3activated3when3primary3immune3responses3fail3t
o3completely3eradicate3an3infection.
b. Secondary3immune3responses3are3restricted3to3adaptive3immune3responses.
c. Memory3cells3are3activated3rapidly3during3secondary3immune3responses.
d. Secondary3immune3responses3are3orders3of3magnitude3greater3than3primary3immun
e3responses.
e. During3a3secondary3immune3response3to3a3booster3vaccine,3it3is3possible3to3experience3
a3primary3immune3response3to3an3unrelated3vaccine3component3encountered3for3the3first3time.
1–18
Identify3the3four3classes3of3pathogens3that3provoke3immune3responses3in3our3bodies3an
d3give3an3example3of3each.
3
3 3 3 3 3
R 1: ELEMENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
3 3 3 3 3 3
AND THEIR ROLES IN DEFENSE
3 3 3 3
©320153GARLAND3 SCIENCE
1–1 The3last3cases3of3smallpox3were3reported3in3the3 .
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
e. 1990s.
1–2 The3first3line3of3defense3against3microorganisms3that3infect3the3body3is3referred3to3as
.
a. opportunistic3immunity
b. innate3immunity
c. adaptive3immunity
d. primary3immunity
e. central3immunity.
1–3 Which3of3the3following3pairs3is3mismatched?
a. innate3immunity:3highly3specialized3defenses
b. secondary3immune3response:3immunological3memory
c. hematopoiesis:3bone3marrow
d. phagocytosis:3uptake3and3killing3of3microbes
e. lymphocyte3recirculation:3continuous3transport3between3blood3and3lymph.
1–4 All3of3the3following3are3examples3of3chemical3barriers3of3innate3immunity3except3 .
a. lactic3acid
b. normal3microbiota
c. lysozyme
d. fatty3acids
e. proteases.
1–5 When3effector3lymphocytes3secrete3 ,3an3inflammatory3response3ensues.
a. lysozyme
b. defensins
c. lymph
d. sebum
e. cytokines.
1–6 The3thin3layer3of3cells3that3makes3up3the3interior3lining3of3the3blood3vessels3is3called3the
.
a. mucosa
1
,b. epithelium
c. endothelium
d. connective3tissue
e. lymphoid3tissue.
1–7 Identify3the3incorrect3statement3regarding3hematopoiesis.
a. Hematopoiesis3is3a3continuous3process3that3occurs3throughout3one’s3lifetime.
b. The3location3for3hematopoiesis3differs3with3age.
c. Self3renewal3is3necessary3to3replenish3the3supply3of3hematopoietic3stem3cells.
d. Most3hematopoiesis3occurs3in3the3bone3marrow3after3birth.
e. Leukocytes,3but3not3erythrocytes,3must3go3through3hematopoiesis3in3order3to3develop.
1–8 The3progenitors3of3macrophages3are3 .
a. megakaryocytes
b. dendritic3cells
c. monocytes
d. neutrophils
e. erythrocytes
f. M3cells.
1–9 act3as3cellular3messengers3by3delivering3degraded3pathogens3to3lymphoid3organs.
a. Plasma3cells
b. Dendritic3cells
c. Large3granular3lymphocytes
d. Mast3cells
e. Basophils.
1–10 Another3name3for3a3large3granular3lymphocyte3is3a3 .
a. plasma3cell
b. helper3T3cell
c. monocyte
d. natural3killer3cell
e. eosinophil.
1–11 Effector3cells3that3secrete3antibodies3are3known3as3 .
a. natural3killer3cells
b. cytotoxic3T3cells
c. helper3T3cells
d. M3cells
e. plasma3cells
f. regulatory3T3cells.
1–12
Spherical3regions3in3lymph3nodes3containing3areas3that3are3packed3densely3wit
h3proliferating3B3cells3are3called3 .
a. efferent3vessels
b. germinal3centers
2
, c. red3pulp3zones
d. periarterial3lymphoid3sheaths
e. medullary3sinuses.
1–13 The3 is3(are)3the3lymphoid3organ(s)3that3filter(s)3the3blood.
a. spleen
b. tonsils
c. Peyer’s3patches
d. appendix
e. adenoids.
1–14 cells3persist3long3after3an3individual3has3been3vaccinated.
a. Neutrophil
b. Plasma
c. Memory
d. M
e. Mast.
1–15 During3an3infection,3 are3mobilized3in3large3numbers3from3the3bone3marrow.
a. dendritic3cells
b. memory3cells
c. macrophages
d. neutrophils
e. B3cells.
1–16 In3most3cases,3adaptive3immune3responses3rely3on3the3initial3activation3of3
in3secondary3lymphoid3tissue:
a. macrophages
b. T3cells
c. B3cells
d. dendritic3cells
e. epithelium.
1–17 All3of3the3following3statements3are3characteristic3of3secondary3immune3responses3except
.
a. Secondary3immune3responses3are3activated3when3primary3immune3responses3fail3t
o3completely3eradicate3an3infection.
b. Secondary3immune3responses3are3restricted3to3adaptive3immune3responses.
c. Memory3cells3are3activated3rapidly3during3secondary3immune3responses.
d. Secondary3immune3responses3are3orders3of3magnitude3greater3than3primary3immun
e3responses.
e. During3a3secondary3immune3response3to3a3booster3vaccine,3it3is3possible3to3experience3
a3primary3immune3response3to3an3unrelated3vaccine3component3encountered3for3the3first3time.
1–18
Identify3the3four3classes3of3pathogens3that3provoke3immune3responses3in3our3bodies3an
d3give3an3example3of3each.
3
