1|Page
VITA ADVANCED TEST NEWEST
EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
A GRADED |NEW AND REVISED
1. A 68-year-old patient presents with BP 88/54 mmHg, HR
118 bpm, RR 26/min, SpO₂ 92%, and cool clammy skin.
What is the priority interpretation?
A. Neurogenic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Uncontrolled hypertension
D. Anxiety-related response
Rationale: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool
clammy skin indicate hypovolemic shock.
2. A patient’s oral temperature is 38.9°C. Which physiologic
response is most expected?
A. Bradycardia
B. Increased metabolic rate
C. Peripheral vasoconstriction only
D. Decreased oxygen demand
Rationale: Fever increases metabolic rate and oxygen
consumption.
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3. When measuring blood pressure in an obese adult, which
action ensures accuracy?
A. Use a pediatric cuff
B. Place cuff over clothing
C. Use a large or thigh cuff
D. Inflate cuff rapidly to 300 mmHg
Rationale: Correct cuff size is essential for accurate BP
measurement.
4. A sudden drop in oxygen saturation after opioid
administration most likely indicates:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Respiratory depression
C. Atelectasis
D. Fluid overload
Rationale: Opioids depress respiratory drive leading to
hypoxia.
5. Orthostatic hypotension is confirmed when systolic BP
drops by at least:
A. 5 mmHg
B. 10 mmHg
C. 20 mmHg
D. 30 mmHg
Rationale: Diagnostic criterion is ≥20 mmHg systolic
drop.
6. A heart rate of 42 bpm in an asymptomatic athlete is best
interpreted as:
A. Pathologic bradycardia
B. Physiologic adaptation
C. Medication toxicity
D. Cardiac arrest risk
Rationale: Athletes often have physiologic bradycardia.
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7. Which factor most directly affects pulse oximetry
accuracy?
A. Patient age
B. Poor peripheral perfusion
C. Body temperature
D. Height
Rationale: Low perfusion reduces signal detection.
8. A febrile child with flushed skin and bounding pulses is
likely experiencing:
A. Hypovolemia
B. Early sepsis
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Dehydration only
Rationale: Warm shock features include bounding pulses
and fever.
9. Pain most commonly causes which vital sign change?
A. Hypotension
B. Tachycardia
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypothermia
Rationale: Pain activates sympathetic response.
10. A respiratory rate of 10/min in an adult is best
described as:
A. Normal
B. Tachypnea
C. Bradypnea
D. Apnea
Rationale: Normal adult RR is 12–20/min.
11. Which BP reading indicates stage 2 hypertension
(ACC/AHA)?
A. 128/78 mmHg
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B. 132/82 mmHg
C. 152/96 mmHg
D. 138/88 mmHg
Rationale: ≥140/90 mmHg is stage 2.
12. Capillary refill >3 seconds suggests:
A. Adequate perfusion
B. Poor peripheral circulation
C. Normal aging
D. Anxiety
Rationale: Delayed refill indicates hypoperfusion.
13. A patient with COPD has SpO₂ of 90% at baseline.
This should be interpreted as:
A. Critical hypoxia
B. Expected for this patient
C. Equipment malfunction
D. Acute respiratory failure
Rationale: Some COPD patients have lower baseline
saturations.
14. Which condition most likely causes widened pulse
pressure?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Shock
C. Aortic regurgitation
D. Cardiac tamponade
Rationale: Aortic regurgitation increases systolic and
lowers diastolic pressure.
15. The most accurate site for core temperature in critical
care is:
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Rectal
VITA ADVANCED TEST NEWEST
EXAM ALL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
A GRADED |NEW AND REVISED
1. A 68-year-old patient presents with BP 88/54 mmHg, HR
118 bpm, RR 26/min, SpO₂ 92%, and cool clammy skin.
What is the priority interpretation?
A. Neurogenic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Uncontrolled hypertension
D. Anxiety-related response
Rationale: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool
clammy skin indicate hypovolemic shock.
2. A patient’s oral temperature is 38.9°C. Which physiologic
response is most expected?
A. Bradycardia
B. Increased metabolic rate
C. Peripheral vasoconstriction only
D. Decreased oxygen demand
Rationale: Fever increases metabolic rate and oxygen
consumption.
,2|Page
3. When measuring blood pressure in an obese adult, which
action ensures accuracy?
A. Use a pediatric cuff
B. Place cuff over clothing
C. Use a large or thigh cuff
D. Inflate cuff rapidly to 300 mmHg
Rationale: Correct cuff size is essential for accurate BP
measurement.
4. A sudden drop in oxygen saturation after opioid
administration most likely indicates:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Respiratory depression
C. Atelectasis
D. Fluid overload
Rationale: Opioids depress respiratory drive leading to
hypoxia.
5. Orthostatic hypotension is confirmed when systolic BP
drops by at least:
A. 5 mmHg
B. 10 mmHg
C. 20 mmHg
D. 30 mmHg
Rationale: Diagnostic criterion is ≥20 mmHg systolic
drop.
6. A heart rate of 42 bpm in an asymptomatic athlete is best
interpreted as:
A. Pathologic bradycardia
B. Physiologic adaptation
C. Medication toxicity
D. Cardiac arrest risk
Rationale: Athletes often have physiologic bradycardia.
,3|Page
7. Which factor most directly affects pulse oximetry
accuracy?
A. Patient age
B. Poor peripheral perfusion
C. Body temperature
D. Height
Rationale: Low perfusion reduces signal detection.
8. A febrile child with flushed skin and bounding pulses is
likely experiencing:
A. Hypovolemia
B. Early sepsis
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Dehydration only
Rationale: Warm shock features include bounding pulses
and fever.
9. Pain most commonly causes which vital sign change?
A. Hypotension
B. Tachycardia
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypothermia
Rationale: Pain activates sympathetic response.
10. A respiratory rate of 10/min in an adult is best
described as:
A. Normal
B. Tachypnea
C. Bradypnea
D. Apnea
Rationale: Normal adult RR is 12–20/min.
11. Which BP reading indicates stage 2 hypertension
(ACC/AHA)?
A. 128/78 mmHg
, 4|Page
B. 132/82 mmHg
C. 152/96 mmHg
D. 138/88 mmHg
Rationale: ≥140/90 mmHg is stage 2.
12. Capillary refill >3 seconds suggests:
A. Adequate perfusion
B. Poor peripheral circulation
C. Normal aging
D. Anxiety
Rationale: Delayed refill indicates hypoperfusion.
13. A patient with COPD has SpO₂ of 90% at baseline.
This should be interpreted as:
A. Critical hypoxia
B. Expected for this patient
C. Equipment malfunction
D. Acute respiratory failure
Rationale: Some COPD patients have lower baseline
saturations.
14. Which condition most likely causes widened pulse
pressure?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Shock
C. Aortic regurgitation
D. Cardiac tamponade
Rationale: Aortic regurgitation increases systolic and
lowers diastolic pressure.
15. The most accurate site for core temperature in critical
care is:
A. Oral
B. Axillary
C. Rectal
