PARAMEDIC PHARMACOLOGY FINAL PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Magnesium Sulfate Dose and Route. Answer: Torsades De Pointes:
2 g IV bolus; Seizures: 1 g/ min to a max of 4 g IV infusion; Status
Asthmaticus: 2 g slow IV infusion
◉ Etomidate Class. Answer: sedative
◉ Etomidate MOA. Answer: enhances the effects of GABA of the CNS
leading to an influx of chloride, decreasing neural excitability
causing sedation
◉ Etomidate Indications. Answer: procedural sedation (SAI)
◉ Etomidate Contraindications. Answer: labor and delivery and
hypotension
◉ Etomidate side Effects. Answer: apnea, myoclonus,
hyper/hypotension, hyper/hypoventilation, adrenal suppression,
respiratory depression, and allergic reaction
, ◉ Etomidate Dose and Route. Answer: 0.3 mg/kg for a max of 30
IV/IO
◉ Ketamine Class. Answer: Dissociative analgesic
◉ Ketamine MOA. Answer: Blocks NMDA receptors in the CNS
providing analgesia. It is also known to release a significant amount
of dopamine causing the hallucination/dissociative effects.
◉ Ketamine Indications. Answer: Moderate to severe pain and
procedural sedation (SAI)
◉ Ketamine Contraindications. Answer: Stroke, hypertension, and
increased intracranial pressure
◉ Ketamine side Effects. Answer: Hallucinations, agitations,
tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, and respiratory depression
◉ Ketamine dose for Pain. Answer: 0.3 mg/kg up to 30 mg IV/IO
infusion
◉ Ketamine dose for Sedation. Answer: 4 mg/kg (max of 400) IM or
2 mg/kg (max of 200) IV bolus
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ Magnesium Sulfate Dose and Route. Answer: Torsades De Pointes:
2 g IV bolus; Seizures: 1 g/ min to a max of 4 g IV infusion; Status
Asthmaticus: 2 g slow IV infusion
◉ Etomidate Class. Answer: sedative
◉ Etomidate MOA. Answer: enhances the effects of GABA of the CNS
leading to an influx of chloride, decreasing neural excitability
causing sedation
◉ Etomidate Indications. Answer: procedural sedation (SAI)
◉ Etomidate Contraindications. Answer: labor and delivery and
hypotension
◉ Etomidate side Effects. Answer: apnea, myoclonus,
hyper/hypotension, hyper/hypoventilation, adrenal suppression,
respiratory depression, and allergic reaction
, ◉ Etomidate Dose and Route. Answer: 0.3 mg/kg for a max of 30
IV/IO
◉ Ketamine Class. Answer: Dissociative analgesic
◉ Ketamine MOA. Answer: Blocks NMDA receptors in the CNS
providing analgesia. It is also known to release a significant amount
of dopamine causing the hallucination/dissociative effects.
◉ Ketamine Indications. Answer: Moderate to severe pain and
procedural sedation (SAI)
◉ Ketamine Contraindications. Answer: Stroke, hypertension, and
increased intracranial pressure
◉ Ketamine side Effects. Answer: Hallucinations, agitations,
tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, and respiratory depression
◉ Ketamine dose for Pain. Answer: 0.3 mg/kg up to 30 mg IV/IO
infusion
◉ Ketamine dose for Sedation. Answer: 4 mg/kg (max of 400) IM or
2 mg/kg (max of 200) IV bolus
