OXYGENATION AND PERFUSION
EXAMINATION PREP SHEET 2026 FULLY
SOLVED GRADED A+
◉ A Patient is admitted with complaints of shortness of breath of 2
weeks duration. Which of the following laboratory findings would
support the finding that the Patient is at risk for an alteration in
perfusion?
1. Increased hematocrit
2. Decreased BUN
3. Increased blood sugar
4. Increased sedimentation rate. Answer: 1. Increased hematocrit.
• Rationale:
• Hematocrit is the percentage of the blood that is erythrocytes, which
contain the hemoglobin that carries oxygen. Long-term hypoxia may
result in the body's attempt to increase oxygen-carrying capacity by
increasing erythrocyte production. This can lead to an alteration in the
client's perfusion. BUN is a measure of blood urea nitrogen, not
oxygen-carrying capacity. Increases in blood sugar and sedimentation
rate are not directly a measure of oxygenation.
• Nursing Process: Assessment
• Cognitive Level: Analyzing
• Client Need: Physiological Integrity
• Learning Outcome: 5. Outline diagnostic and laboratory tests to
determine the individual's perfusion status.
, ◉ A Patient tells the nurse that he does not want to develop the same
heart problems that his parents experienced. Which of the following
should the nurse instruct this client?
1. Avoid cigarette smoking
2. Limit fluid intake
3. Wear elastic hose
4. Limit exercise to 15 minutes a day. Answer: • • Answer
1. Avoid cigarette smoking
Rationale:
• The one intervention that would help the client prevent the onset of
cardiovascular disease would be to avoid cigarette smoking. Limiting
fluids and wearing elastic hose are not known to prevent the onset of
cardiovascular disease. Limiting exercise to 15 minutes a day may
also not be enough exercise to prevent the onset of cardiovascular
disease.
• Nursing Process: Implementation
• Cognitive Level: Applying
• Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
• Learning Outcome: 6. Explain management of cardiovascular health
and prevention of cardiovascular illness.
◉ An elderly female patient arrives in the emergency department
complaining of fatigue, nausea, vague complaint of intermittent chest
, discomfort, and not sleeping well. The nurse would interpret these
findings as symptoms of:
1. Cardiac disease.
2. Pancreatic disease.
3. Normal changes of aging.
4. Signs of anemia.. Answer: • ANSWER
1. Cardiac disease.
• Rationale:
• Many elderly women complain of vague symptoms when having a
myocardial infarction including fatigue, epigastric pain, and sleep
disturbances. Pancreatic disease would present pain in the abdominal
region. These symptoms are not considered normal changes of aging.
Anemia would present with fatigue but not with nausea or chest
discomfort.
• Nursing Process: Assessment
• Cognitive Level: Analyzing
• Client Need: Physiological Integrity
• Learning Outcome: 7. Demonstrate the nursing process in providing
culturally competent and caring interventions across the life span for
individuals with common alterations in perfusion.
◉ Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for a
Patient with the nursing diagnosis of excess fluid volume?
1. Assess respiratory status and lung sounds every 4 hours and prn
EXAMINATION PREP SHEET 2026 FULLY
SOLVED GRADED A+
◉ A Patient is admitted with complaints of shortness of breath of 2
weeks duration. Which of the following laboratory findings would
support the finding that the Patient is at risk for an alteration in
perfusion?
1. Increased hematocrit
2. Decreased BUN
3. Increased blood sugar
4. Increased sedimentation rate. Answer: 1. Increased hematocrit.
• Rationale:
• Hematocrit is the percentage of the blood that is erythrocytes, which
contain the hemoglobin that carries oxygen. Long-term hypoxia may
result in the body's attempt to increase oxygen-carrying capacity by
increasing erythrocyte production. This can lead to an alteration in the
client's perfusion. BUN is a measure of blood urea nitrogen, not
oxygen-carrying capacity. Increases in blood sugar and sedimentation
rate are not directly a measure of oxygenation.
• Nursing Process: Assessment
• Cognitive Level: Analyzing
• Client Need: Physiological Integrity
• Learning Outcome: 5. Outline diagnostic and laboratory tests to
determine the individual's perfusion status.
, ◉ A Patient tells the nurse that he does not want to develop the same
heart problems that his parents experienced. Which of the following
should the nurse instruct this client?
1. Avoid cigarette smoking
2. Limit fluid intake
3. Wear elastic hose
4. Limit exercise to 15 minutes a day. Answer: • • Answer
1. Avoid cigarette smoking
Rationale:
• The one intervention that would help the client prevent the onset of
cardiovascular disease would be to avoid cigarette smoking. Limiting
fluids and wearing elastic hose are not known to prevent the onset of
cardiovascular disease. Limiting exercise to 15 minutes a day may
also not be enough exercise to prevent the onset of cardiovascular
disease.
• Nursing Process: Implementation
• Cognitive Level: Applying
• Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
• Learning Outcome: 6. Explain management of cardiovascular health
and prevention of cardiovascular illness.
◉ An elderly female patient arrives in the emergency department
complaining of fatigue, nausea, vague complaint of intermittent chest
, discomfort, and not sleeping well. The nurse would interpret these
findings as symptoms of:
1. Cardiac disease.
2. Pancreatic disease.
3. Normal changes of aging.
4. Signs of anemia.. Answer: • ANSWER
1. Cardiac disease.
• Rationale:
• Many elderly women complain of vague symptoms when having a
myocardial infarction including fatigue, epigastric pain, and sleep
disturbances. Pancreatic disease would present pain in the abdominal
region. These symptoms are not considered normal changes of aging.
Anemia would present with fatigue but not with nausea or chest
discomfort.
• Nursing Process: Assessment
• Cognitive Level: Analyzing
• Client Need: Physiological Integrity
• Learning Outcome: 7. Demonstrate the nursing process in providing
culturally competent and caring interventions across the life span for
individuals with common alterations in perfusion.
◉ Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for a
Patient with the nursing diagnosis of excess fluid volume?
1. Assess respiratory status and lung sounds every 4 hours and prn
