Nutrition 313 Reproduction Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Fetal nutrient requirements - Answers estimated using balance data that indicate changes in
nutrient absorption and retention between pregnant and non-pregnant women.
average sized fetus uses - Answers 25-30 grams of maternal glucose daily in third trimester
-EAR for pregnant women is adult plus 35 or 135 of carbs
folate requirements - Answers double in pregnancy to accommodate the increasing methylation
reactions required for rapid cell division
iron requirements - Answers double in pregnancy
iodine requirements - Answers increase by more than 45% during pregnancy
zinc requirements - Answers increase by almost 40% in pregnancy
b vitamin needs - Answers estimated to be about 30% higher during second and third trimester
breast milk - Answers recommended by World Health Organization
- daily milk volume averages .78 liters per day months 1-6 an d.67 liters per day 7-12 months
changing sense perception - Answers
the levels of HCG (human chorionic gonodotrophin) - Answers peak at the end of the first
trimester
-nausea reported the most
a diet rich in natural whole foods - Answers an effectively meet the needs of pregnant and
lactating women
fruits provide vitamin c - Answers that is needed to support fetal ascorbic acid uptake and to
sustain the concentrations secreted in breast milk
whole grains, beans and legumes provide - Answers 5-10 grams of fiber and 1-2 grams of
essential fatty acid
animal meat is - Answers a more bio efficient form of zinc, iron, and protein for pregnant and
lactating women
-species high in saturated fat and cholesterol like beef and dark poultry meat, should be
consumed less
-avoid raw fish and meats with added nitrates and sodium
fish intake during pregnancy and lactation - Answers same as non pregnant women
, -at least eight ounces a week
pregnant women should avoid - Answers un-pasturized dairy products
-pregnant women more prone to food borne pathogens like listeria, which is found in raw, soft
cheese
beverage consumption - Answers -increases 11-40% (recommended water as best)
-no sugary drinks
-electrolytes are okay if vomiting
-no alcohol
- no more than 200 mg of caffeine
-
dry, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals - Answers meet 100% of daily needs
-can be sprayed with liquid vitamins and minerals
prenatal supplements - Answers folate, iron, calcium
omega 3, vitamin d
changes in pregnancy, - Answers -mouth is more vascularized and produces more acidic saliva
which increases gum sensitivity, bleeding, and tooth decay
-increases in estrogen and progesterone influences the structural alterations in the
gastrointestinal tract. these can cause abnormalities gastric neural activity and smooth muscle
function... cause GERD
mechanical changes in the alimentary tract occur as the uterus and fetus grow - Answers -
stomach displaced upwards and laterally leads to intra-gastric pressure
hiatal hernia - Answers a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the
chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
-from pregnancy
during weeks 6-24 of pregnancy - Answers extracellular water doubles and total blood volume
expands by 45%
vasodilation - Answers A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel.
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Answers a hormone cascade pathway that helps
regulate blood pressure and blood volume
Fetal nutrient requirements - Answers estimated using balance data that indicate changes in
nutrient absorption and retention between pregnant and non-pregnant women.
average sized fetus uses - Answers 25-30 grams of maternal glucose daily in third trimester
-EAR for pregnant women is adult plus 35 or 135 of carbs
folate requirements - Answers double in pregnancy to accommodate the increasing methylation
reactions required for rapid cell division
iron requirements - Answers double in pregnancy
iodine requirements - Answers increase by more than 45% during pregnancy
zinc requirements - Answers increase by almost 40% in pregnancy
b vitamin needs - Answers estimated to be about 30% higher during second and third trimester
breast milk - Answers recommended by World Health Organization
- daily milk volume averages .78 liters per day months 1-6 an d.67 liters per day 7-12 months
changing sense perception - Answers
the levels of HCG (human chorionic gonodotrophin) - Answers peak at the end of the first
trimester
-nausea reported the most
a diet rich in natural whole foods - Answers an effectively meet the needs of pregnant and
lactating women
fruits provide vitamin c - Answers that is needed to support fetal ascorbic acid uptake and to
sustain the concentrations secreted in breast milk
whole grains, beans and legumes provide - Answers 5-10 grams of fiber and 1-2 grams of
essential fatty acid
animal meat is - Answers a more bio efficient form of zinc, iron, and protein for pregnant and
lactating women
-species high in saturated fat and cholesterol like beef and dark poultry meat, should be
consumed less
-avoid raw fish and meats with added nitrates and sodium
fish intake during pregnancy and lactation - Answers same as non pregnant women
, -at least eight ounces a week
pregnant women should avoid - Answers un-pasturized dairy products
-pregnant women more prone to food borne pathogens like listeria, which is found in raw, soft
cheese
beverage consumption - Answers -increases 11-40% (recommended water as best)
-no sugary drinks
-electrolytes are okay if vomiting
-no alcohol
- no more than 200 mg of caffeine
-
dry, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals - Answers meet 100% of daily needs
-can be sprayed with liquid vitamins and minerals
prenatal supplements - Answers folate, iron, calcium
omega 3, vitamin d
changes in pregnancy, - Answers -mouth is more vascularized and produces more acidic saliva
which increases gum sensitivity, bleeding, and tooth decay
-increases in estrogen and progesterone influences the structural alterations in the
gastrointestinal tract. these can cause abnormalities gastric neural activity and smooth muscle
function... cause GERD
mechanical changes in the alimentary tract occur as the uterus and fetus grow - Answers -
stomach displaced upwards and laterally leads to intra-gastric pressure
hiatal hernia - Answers a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the
chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
-from pregnancy
during weeks 6-24 of pregnancy - Answers extracellular water doubles and total blood volume
expands by 45%
vasodilation - Answers A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel.
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Answers a hormone cascade pathway that helps
regulate blood pressure and blood volume
