NSG 464 Altered Cellular Biology Exam Questions and Answers| New Update with 100%
Correct Answers
decrease in cell size atrophy
What is a physiologic reason for cellular atrophy? issue with the thymus
When does physiologic atrophy occur? in early development
What are pathologic reasons for cellular atrophy? decreases in:
-workload
-use
-pressure
-blood supply
-nutrition
-hormonal stimulation
-nervous stimulation
What are the mechanisms that lead to cellular atrophy? -decreased protein synthesis
-increased protein degradation
-or both
Within atrophied cells one can find less amounts of these 3 cellular components -
endoplasmic reticulum
-mitochondria
-myofilaments
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? -site for protein synthesis
, -lipid biogenesis
--both essential for membranes
-store intracellular Ca2+
What does intracellular Ca2+ assist with in the endoplasmic reticulum? -protein functions
-contractility
-neurotransmitter release
What are the main functions of the mitochondria? -produces energy through oxidative
phosphorylation
-regulates metabolic activity of the cell
-promotes growth of new cells and cell multiplication
What is the main function of myofilaments? regulation of contraction
Increase in cell size hypertrophy
What are reasons for hypertrophy -increased work demand
-increased hormonal stimulation
-increase in the synthesis of structural components of the cells NOT swelling or increase in the #
of cells
What are physiologic reasons of cellular hypertrophy -increased work demand
-stimulation of hormones
-growth factors (body building, pregnancy)
What are mechanical reasons for cellular hypertrophy? stretching, this acts on the pathway
to stimulate protein synthesis
Correct Answers
decrease in cell size atrophy
What is a physiologic reason for cellular atrophy? issue with the thymus
When does physiologic atrophy occur? in early development
What are pathologic reasons for cellular atrophy? decreases in:
-workload
-use
-pressure
-blood supply
-nutrition
-hormonal stimulation
-nervous stimulation
What are the mechanisms that lead to cellular atrophy? -decreased protein synthesis
-increased protein degradation
-or both
Within atrophied cells one can find less amounts of these 3 cellular components -
endoplasmic reticulum
-mitochondria
-myofilaments
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? -site for protein synthesis
, -lipid biogenesis
--both essential for membranes
-store intracellular Ca2+
What does intracellular Ca2+ assist with in the endoplasmic reticulum? -protein functions
-contractility
-neurotransmitter release
What are the main functions of the mitochondria? -produces energy through oxidative
phosphorylation
-regulates metabolic activity of the cell
-promotes growth of new cells and cell multiplication
What is the main function of myofilaments? regulation of contraction
Increase in cell size hypertrophy
What are reasons for hypertrophy -increased work demand
-increased hormonal stimulation
-increase in the synthesis of structural components of the cells NOT swelling or increase in the #
of cells
What are physiologic reasons of cellular hypertrophy -increased work demand
-stimulation of hormones
-growth factors (body building, pregnancy)
What are mechanical reasons for cellular hypertrophy? stretching, this acts on the pathway
to stimulate protein synthesis
