NBPTS EXCEPTIONAL NEEDS SPECIALIST
CERTIFICATION TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTION
SET
◉ Education Consultation Act (1982). Answer: Merged the federal
office of Gifted and Talented with other federal programs and states;
received block grants to determine which programs and students to
support.
◉ Oberti v. Board of Education (1993). Answer: Ruled to support a
family preference to educate a child with mental retardation in the
general education classroom.
◉ Augmentative technology. Answer: Supports students with
disabilities who have oral language problems.
◉ Voice Recognition System. Answer: Replaces the keyboard and the
input device
◉ Facilitated Communication. Answer: A type of communication in
which a person provides assistance to a student by pointing to
symbols or letters.
,◉ Behavior Rating Scales. Answer: Evaluation tool that lists specific
observable behaviors to assess the severity, frequency, and type of
exhibited behaviors completed by staff, parents, or students.
◉ Department of Education v. Katherine D. (1984). Answer: Ruled
home bound instruction for a student with multiple health problems
did not comply with the LRE and required the student be placed in a
class with non-disabled children and receive the necessary related
medical services.
◉ Preprioception. Answer: The unconscious perception of
movement and spatial position from stimuli within the body itself.
◉ Functional Literacy. Answer: Concentrates on levels of adequate
communication and language that a person needs to live
independently in the community.
◉ Functional Language. Answer: Instills skills used to make a basic
need or desire known
◉ Expressive Language. Answer: Ability to communicate thoughts,
feelings, and ideas through words, gestures, sign systems, assistive
devices, etc.
,◉ Manifestation Determination. Answer: Team review of the
relationship between the student's inappropriate behavior and the
disability, required under IDEA when a student violates a code of
conduct.
◉ Contingency Contract. Answer: Written agreement between the
student and teacher that outlines the expected performance and the
consequences and reinforcers used.
◉ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Answer: A law
that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible
children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special
education and related services to those children.
◉ Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). Answer: An
educational right of all children in the United States that is
guaranteed by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
◉ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Answer: A civil rights law
of 1990 that prohibits discrimination against individuals with
disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools,
transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the
general public.
, ◉ Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). Answer: Under this act it is
required that all students receive a Free and Appropriate Public
Education (FAPE), and includes that these students should be
educated in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
◉ Transition Plans. Answer: A section of the Individualized
Education Program (IEP) that outlines transition goals and services
for the student. The transition plan is based on a high school
student's individual needs, strengths, skills, and interests.
◉ Stay Put Rights. Answer: A SPED Law that applies when a parent
disputes a change the school wants to make to their child's IEP. By
using that right, the parent's child can remain in his/her current
placement until the parent and the school resolve the dispute.
◉ 10-Day Cycle. Answer: Before your child can become eligible to
receive special education services, the school is required by law to
determine the child's specific needs. The school determines these
needs through a process consisting of many steps, often termed the
"Special Education Cycle." The process must be completed within 10
days.
◉ Weapons and Drugs. Answer: Under "special circumstances"
involving weapons, drugs, or serious bodily injury, the IDEA allows
school personnel to remove a child with a disability to an interim
alternative educational setting (IAES) for not more than 45 school
CERTIFICATION TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTION
SET
◉ Education Consultation Act (1982). Answer: Merged the federal
office of Gifted and Talented with other federal programs and states;
received block grants to determine which programs and students to
support.
◉ Oberti v. Board of Education (1993). Answer: Ruled to support a
family preference to educate a child with mental retardation in the
general education classroom.
◉ Augmentative technology. Answer: Supports students with
disabilities who have oral language problems.
◉ Voice Recognition System. Answer: Replaces the keyboard and the
input device
◉ Facilitated Communication. Answer: A type of communication in
which a person provides assistance to a student by pointing to
symbols or letters.
,◉ Behavior Rating Scales. Answer: Evaluation tool that lists specific
observable behaviors to assess the severity, frequency, and type of
exhibited behaviors completed by staff, parents, or students.
◉ Department of Education v. Katherine D. (1984). Answer: Ruled
home bound instruction for a student with multiple health problems
did not comply with the LRE and required the student be placed in a
class with non-disabled children and receive the necessary related
medical services.
◉ Preprioception. Answer: The unconscious perception of
movement and spatial position from stimuli within the body itself.
◉ Functional Literacy. Answer: Concentrates on levels of adequate
communication and language that a person needs to live
independently in the community.
◉ Functional Language. Answer: Instills skills used to make a basic
need or desire known
◉ Expressive Language. Answer: Ability to communicate thoughts,
feelings, and ideas through words, gestures, sign systems, assistive
devices, etc.
,◉ Manifestation Determination. Answer: Team review of the
relationship between the student's inappropriate behavior and the
disability, required under IDEA when a student violates a code of
conduct.
◉ Contingency Contract. Answer: Written agreement between the
student and teacher that outlines the expected performance and the
consequences and reinforcers used.
◉ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Answer: A law
that makes available a free appropriate public education to eligible
children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensures special
education and related services to those children.
◉ Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). Answer: An
educational right of all children in the United States that is
guaranteed by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
◉ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Answer: A civil rights law
of 1990 that prohibits discrimination against individuals with
disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools,
transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the
general public.
, ◉ Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). Answer: Under this act it is
required that all students receive a Free and Appropriate Public
Education (FAPE), and includes that these students should be
educated in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
◉ Transition Plans. Answer: A section of the Individualized
Education Program (IEP) that outlines transition goals and services
for the student. The transition plan is based on a high school
student's individual needs, strengths, skills, and interests.
◉ Stay Put Rights. Answer: A SPED Law that applies when a parent
disputes a change the school wants to make to their child's IEP. By
using that right, the parent's child can remain in his/her current
placement until the parent and the school resolve the dispute.
◉ 10-Day Cycle. Answer: Before your child can become eligible to
receive special education services, the school is required by law to
determine the child's specific needs. The school determines these
needs through a process consisting of many steps, often termed the
"Special Education Cycle." The process must be completed within 10
days.
◉ Weapons and Drugs. Answer: Under "special circumstances"
involving weapons, drugs, or serious bodily injury, the IDEA allows
school personnel to remove a child with a disability to an interim
alternative educational setting (IAES) for not more than 45 school
