Mod 5 NCA 622 Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| 2025/2026
Latest Update
emerging disease diseases whose incidence in humans has increased during the last 2
decades & threaten to increase in the future
reemerging diseases diseases previously controlled by antibiotics but developed resistance
and are appearing in epidemic form
unplanned & underplanned urbanization
overcrowding/rapid growth
poor sanitation
inadequate public health infrastructure
antibiotic resistance
increased exposure
rapid international travel
immunosupressed factors responsible to emerging and reemerging diseases
animals --> humans
increased transmission s/t to increased close contact of animal and human
deforestation, climate change, large scale farming, food processing, change in societal norms,
decreased vaccinations, increased travel and trade zoonotic spread- what is it? / how it
happens?
from mosquito bite, blood transfusions, solid organ transplant, breast milk
try to avoid bites - long sleeve shirt/pants, mosquito repellant west nile virus transmission
,most asymptomatic
febrile illness w/ HA, myalgias, GI upset, transient rash, chills
1% neuro disease- menigitis/encephalitis (seizures, AMS, weakness, vision changes, stiff neck)
symptoms west nile virus
usually nonspecific viral illness
see 4x IgM assay in serum
supportive measures
steroids + antivirals (ribavirin) if neuro disorder treatment west nile virus
asymptomatic or mild
fever, rash, HA, myalgia/arthralgia, conjunctivitis
last several days- week symptoms zika virus
recent travel? sex with traveler? - spread from mosquito bite, blood, mother - baby or sex
ask if pregnant
blood & urine tests - IgM daily for 4-12 weeks
, PCR testing
molecular testing diagnosing zika
supportive care:
rest
fluids
pain & fever control treatment Zika
avoid bites
use condoms
no vaccine prevention Zika
microcephaly
miscarriage
fetal abnormalities - neuro deficit, seizures, vision problems, intellectual defect side effects
from Zika virus to be worried about
conjunctivitis
flu-like symptoms
sometimes N/D/V, abdominal pain, respiratory symptoms and neuro changes Avian flu
(H7N9) symptoms
avoid exposure - mainly from birds saliva and mucus prevention avian flu
upper respiratory tract swab from nose (first few days)
Latest Update
emerging disease diseases whose incidence in humans has increased during the last 2
decades & threaten to increase in the future
reemerging diseases diseases previously controlled by antibiotics but developed resistance
and are appearing in epidemic form
unplanned & underplanned urbanization
overcrowding/rapid growth
poor sanitation
inadequate public health infrastructure
antibiotic resistance
increased exposure
rapid international travel
immunosupressed factors responsible to emerging and reemerging diseases
animals --> humans
increased transmission s/t to increased close contact of animal and human
deforestation, climate change, large scale farming, food processing, change in societal norms,
decreased vaccinations, increased travel and trade zoonotic spread- what is it? / how it
happens?
from mosquito bite, blood transfusions, solid organ transplant, breast milk
try to avoid bites - long sleeve shirt/pants, mosquito repellant west nile virus transmission
,most asymptomatic
febrile illness w/ HA, myalgias, GI upset, transient rash, chills
1% neuro disease- menigitis/encephalitis (seizures, AMS, weakness, vision changes, stiff neck)
symptoms west nile virus
usually nonspecific viral illness
see 4x IgM assay in serum
supportive measures
steroids + antivirals (ribavirin) if neuro disorder treatment west nile virus
asymptomatic or mild
fever, rash, HA, myalgia/arthralgia, conjunctivitis
last several days- week symptoms zika virus
recent travel? sex with traveler? - spread from mosquito bite, blood, mother - baby or sex
ask if pregnant
blood & urine tests - IgM daily for 4-12 weeks
, PCR testing
molecular testing diagnosing zika
supportive care:
rest
fluids
pain & fever control treatment Zika
avoid bites
use condoms
no vaccine prevention Zika
microcephaly
miscarriage
fetal abnormalities - neuro deficit, seizures, vision problems, intellectual defect side effects
from Zika virus to be worried about
conjunctivitis
flu-like symptoms
sometimes N/D/V, abdominal pain, respiratory symptoms and neuro changes Avian flu
(H7N9) symptoms
avoid exposure - mainly from birds saliva and mucus prevention avian flu
upper respiratory tract swab from nose (first few days)
