MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS45
Benign cells - ANSWERS-Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features - ANSWERS-o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a - ANSWERS-healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells - ANSWERS-o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,Malignant cells - ANSWERS-indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and
result in death
Malignant cell features - ANSWERS-o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer - ANSWERS-o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy - ANSWERS-o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) - ANSWERS-Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
,Promotion - ANSWERS-Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression - ANSWERS-Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis - ANSWERS-Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis - ANSWERS-cancer development
Cancer classification - ANSWERS-o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading - ANSWERS-Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation of
cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy - ANSWERS-Number of chromosomes
Staging - ANSWERS-How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM - ANSWERS-o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
, Doubling time and mitotic index - ANSWERS-Period of time required for that quantity to double
in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary - ANSWERS-o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary - ANSWERS-o Mammogram
o Pap smear
o Prostate test
Cancer prevention tertiary - ANSWERS-People who are already affected and getting treatment
(examples below)
o Chemo
o Radiation
o Surgery, etc.
Types of cancers - ANSWERS-carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, blastoma
Carcinoma - ANSWERS-malignant tumors of glandular (lining) tissues
Sarcoma - ANSWERS-malignant tumor of connective (bone) tissues
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS45
Benign cells - ANSWERS-Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time
Benign Cell Features - ANSWERS-o Harmless
o Do not usually require intervention
o Slow growing
o Tight Adherence
o Specific morphology
o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
o Specific differentiated functions
o Tight adherence
o Orderly growth
o No migration
o Normal chromosomes
Benign cell looks similar to a - ANSWERS-healthy cell
Examples of Benign cells - ANSWERS-o Skin Tag
o Mole
o Nasal Polyp
o Uterine Fibroids
o Endometriosis
,Malignant cells - ANSWERS-indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and
result in death
Malignant cell features - ANSWERS-o Large nucleus
o Migration
o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition)
o Loose adherence
o Rapid or continuous cell division
o Loss of cellular regulation
o Abnormal chromosomes (< or > 23)
Seven warning signs of cancer - ANSWERS-o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns
o A-A sore that doesn't heal
o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c
o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
o O-Obvious change in wart or mole
o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer development stages of malignancy - ANSWERS-o Initiation
o Promotion
o Progression
o Metastasis
Initiation (Stage of malignancy) - ANSWERS-Normal cells are damaged and irreversible
,Promotion - ANSWERS-Repeated exposure>Enhances growth of malignant cells
Progression - ANSWERS-Increase in production of malignant cells
Metastasis - ANSWERS-Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body
Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis - ANSWERS-cancer development
Cancer classification - ANSWERS-o Grading
o Ploidy
o Staging
o TNM
o Doubling time and mitotic index
Grading - ANSWERS-Looking under microscope and determine level/degree of mutation of
cancer cell from normal cells
o Ex. 1= No mutation
o 4= Severe mutation
Ploidy - ANSWERS-Number of chromosomes
Staging - ANSWERS-How large is the primary tumor and how far has it spread
TNM - ANSWERS-o T-Tumor (How large is primary or 2nd)
o N- Node (Are regional lymph nodes invaded by cancer cell)
o M-Metastasis (0=None, 1=There is metastasis)
, Doubling time and mitotic index - ANSWERS-Period of time required for that quantity to double
in size (Tells how aggressive cancer grows)
o Stage 1=Localized
o Stage 4= Spread across the body
Cancer prevention primary - ANSWERS-o Sunscreen
o Avoid smoking
o Removal of "at risk" tissue (mole)
o Chemoprevention
o Vaccine (HPV)
Cancer prevention secondary - ANSWERS-o Mammogram
o Pap smear
o Prostate test
Cancer prevention tertiary - ANSWERS-People who are already affected and getting treatment
(examples below)
o Chemo
o Radiation
o Surgery, etc.
Types of cancers - ANSWERS-carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, blastoma
Carcinoma - ANSWERS-malignant tumors of glandular (lining) tissues
Sarcoma - ANSWERS-malignant tumor of connective (bone) tissues
