Study Guide ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION) (MULTIPLE
CHOICES) (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED)
LATEST VERSION 2026
Native Americans; land bridge - ANSWER first people to settle North America; arrived as
much as 40,000 years ago via a land bridge that then connected Siberia and Alaska
Sioux; Pawnee - ANSWER small Native American tribes, more nomadic than others; followed
herds of buffalo on the Great Plains
Pueblo; Adena; Hopewell; Mississippian; Iriquois - ANSWER larger Native American tribes;
had complex cultures and societies in which thousands lived and worked together
Mayas; Incas; Aztecs - ANSWER Native American tribes of Central and South America that
developed complex civilizations; carried on extensive trade and created calendars that were
based on accurate scientific observations
Renaissance - ANSWER a rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and
scientific activity in Europe; from the late 1400s to the early 1500s; characterized by a gradual
increase in scientific knowledge and technological change
, technology; compass; printing press - ANSWER brought about by the Renaissance; the
compass aided navigation/exploration and the printing press aided the spread of knowledge
across Europe
Ferdinand and Isabella - ANSWER succeeded in defeating the Moors of Granada in the same
year that Columbus sailed on his historic voyage; the uniting of Spain under them was a sign of
new leadership, hope, and power for European believers in the Roman Catholic faith
Protestant Reformation - ANSWER the revolt of certain Christians in northern European
countries against the authority of the pope in Rome; led to a series of religious wars and created
a religious motive for exploration and colonization
Henry the Navigator - ANSWER Prince of Portugal; sponsored voyages of exploration that
eventually succeeded in opening up a long sea route along South Africa's Cape of Good Hope
nation-states - ANSWER countries in which the majority of people share both a common
culture and a common political loyalty toward a central government; built in Spain, Portugal,
France, England, and the Netherlands in the 15th century
Christopher Columbus - ANSWER Italian-born explorer who won the backing of Isabella and
Ferdinand for a voyage west from Europe to the Indies; originally landed in the Bahamas but
believed he had found a western route to Asia
Amerigo Vespucci - ANSWER an Italian sailor after whom the land Columbus explored was
named
papal line of demarcation - ANSWER a vertical, north-south line drawn on a world map by
the pope; gave Spain all lands to the west of the line and Portugal all lands to the right