StraighterLine Microbiology Final
Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Study
Guide with Practice Questions
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______.
always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2
hydrogens.
saturated
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this
technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some
bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
lipid
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying
power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a
search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
,cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and
cooled?
a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in
hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton?
saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.
gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
80s
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to
as a/an _____ capsid.
icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
envelope
, When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a
______.
palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______.
lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best
termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme
cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose
breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
mutualistic
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new
environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______.
lag phase
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
hypotonic
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an energy
source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this organism
would be ______.
photoheterotroph
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to
high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
thermoduric microbe
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
Noncompetitive inhibition
Ribozymes are ______.
catalysts for RNA splicing
Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Study
Guide with Practice Questions
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
phylogeny
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor
Organisms called parasites are ______.
always harmful to their host
Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
Electrons
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
respiratory disease
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2
hydrogens.
saturated
One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this
technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some
bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
lipid
If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying
power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
95X
NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a
search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
,cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns
Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
electron
Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and
cooled?
a solid medium
a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
amphitrichous
In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in
hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton?
saprobe
During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.
gram-negative
The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
80s
Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through.
One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to
as a/an _____ capsid.
icosahedral
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
fecal oral
the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
lysogeny
Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
envelope
, When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a
______.
palisade
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
histones
Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
tropisms
the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______.
lophotrichous
E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best
termed a ______ relationship.
mutualistic
Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme
cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose
breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
mutualistic
The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new
environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______.
lag phase
The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
hypotonic
This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an energy
source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this organism
would be ______.
photoheterotroph
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to
high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
thermoduric microbe
the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
Noncompetitive inhibition
Ribozymes are ______.
catalysts for RNA splicing
