FRSC 1011 Final Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027

FRSC 1011 Final Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027 Forensic Science requires... - Answers development of principles and techniques to identify and compare physical evidence Marcello Malpighi - Answers First notes on finger print ridges Henry Faulds - Answers First to suggest fingerprints for ID purposes gave to Darwin who gave to Galton Alphonse Bertillon (1879) - Answers Anthropometry - first system fro personal Identification Hans Gross - Answers advocated for the application of science to the law Carl Wilhelm - Answers detection of arsenic in corpses Valetin Ross - Answers detecting small amounts of arsenic in stomach Mathieu Orfila - Answers Father of Toxicology Conan Doyle - Answers considerable influence on popularizing scientific methods of cime detetction (Sherlock Holmes) Karl Landsteiner - Answers Blood Typing Leon Lattes - Answers Blood Typing on Dry Specimens Osborn - Answers Document Examination Walter C. McCrone - Answers Microscopy to forensics Calvin Goddard - Answers Fire arms examination Alec Jeffereys - Answers DNA Typing Crime Laboratories Canada - Answers (1) 6 RCMP Regional Laboratories (2) CFS in TO (3) Institute of Legal Medincine and Police Science in Montreal 13 OPP Forensic Identification Labs in ON Scientific Method (defintion) - Answers compares evidence obtained by investigators with observable physical findings discovered at the crime scene, in the crime laboratory, or in the autopsy suite. Scientific Method Process - Answers 1. Formulate Question 2. Formulate Hypothesis 3. Test Hypothesis 4. Upon validation, becomes suitable as scientific evidence Frye v. United States - Answers General Acceptance Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharamceuticals - Answers General Acceptance is not absolute standard Lay Witness - Answers factual information, no personal opinions Expert Witness - Answers evaluate evidence and express opinions At the command centre of a crime scene - Answers 1. receive tasks 2. store equipment 3. discuss 4. communicate line/strip search pattern - Answers 1 or 2 investigators Grid Search pattern - Answers 2 or more investigators Film Photography - Answers consists of a sheet of silver halide grains which "expose" when exposed to light Film speed - Answers measure of the light gathering capacity of the film Digital photoraphy - Answers a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of millions of tiny picture elements called pixels 2 types of cameras - Answers Single lens reflex (SLR) Digitial Single Lens Refelx (DSLR) Normal Lens - Answers focal length 50-55mm; used for most photographs Telephoto Lens - Answers focal length 100 mm+; used for magnifying Wide-angle Lens - Answers Focal lenght 35mm; used to show more than normal lens Macro Lens - Answers Focal length less than 50mm; used for highly detailed close ups Multipurpose Lens - Answers focal length 28-80 mm; used to take normal, wide angle & telephoto photographs Aperture - Answers measure of the diameter of the opening of the diaphragm which allows light to reach the film or microchip Shutter speed - Answers length of time that the film or microchip is exposed to light Depth of Field - Answers amount of area in the foreground and background of an object in focus auto mode - Answers automatically selects f-stop and shutter speed sports mode - Answers captures subjects in motion using higher shutter speed night mode - Answers uses slower shutter speed to gather lots of light Landscape mode - Answers selects higher f-stop to improve depth of field Portrait mode - Answers lower f-stop to decrease the depth of field and make the subject stand out barrier filters - Answers block one specific wave length (color) of light from reaching the film or microchip making areas of that color appear lighter in the photograph Bypass filters - Answers allow only a small range of wave lengths of light to reach the film or microchip and block all others Night photgraphy - Answers requires the use of external lighting Indoor photography - Answers requires photgraphs of the neighbourhood, poitns of entry/exit and all walls, floors and ceilings outdoor photography - Answers requires location of photographs to be recorded by GPS or measurments of land marks Arson Photography - Answers requires photographs of the point of the fires origin and use of special equipment or techniques to provide maximum contrast in photographs of charred debris Sexual Assault Photography - Answers requires photographs of all wounds and clothing while showing discretion of victim Impression photography - Answers requires oblique lighting to show details and a scale to later create a 1:1 scale photograph for comaprison bloodstain photography - Answers requires photographs of all pertinent stains and determined areas Latent finger print photographs - Answers require photographs with a 1:1 scale using a special latent finger print camera fitted ith an adapter Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) - Answers program to create a finished sketch Francis Galtom (1892) - Answers published fingerprint text book Fingerprint Principles - Answers reproduction of friction ridges found on palm side of the fingers and thumbs Basic Principles underlying Fingerprints - Answers 1. individual characteristics 2. remain unchanged 3. systematically classified minutiae - Answers ridge characteristics (150) must match in 2 prints No fixed amount - Answers number of minituiae required n Canada and USA dermal papillae - Answers the layer of cells between epidermis and dermis; responsible for determining form& pattern of ridges Loops - Answers one or more ridges entering one side, recurving and exitinh the same side ONE DELTA ulnar loop - Answers opens towards pinky radial loop - Answers opens towards thumb Whorl - Answers minimum of 2 deltas plain whorl & central pocket loop - Answers 1 ridge that makes complete circuit double loop - Answers two loops in one Arches - Answers no type lines, delta or cores Plain arch - Answers ridges entering from one side of the print, rising and falling, exiting on opposite side Tented Arch - Answers shape up thrust AFIS (definition) - Answers ability of a computer to scan and digitally encode fingerorints so that they can be subject to highspeed computer processing Exemplar Finger Prints - Answers deliberately taken Patent fingerprints - Answers visible prints made as a result of foreign transfer material Plastic fingerprints - Answers found on soft surfaces that retainshape Latent Fingerprints - Answers not visible