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1. The relationship of cause and effect between variables - ANSWER
Causation
2. Research that explains why a social phenomenon occurs - ANSWER
Explanatory Research
3. Occurs when the differences between the groups being studied are the
result of factors other than chance - ANSWER Statistically Significant
4. Defines a trait or characteristic in terms of a process, test, or unit of
measure that is needed to determine its existence, duration, and quantity.
It makes a hypothesis about a characteristic testable. - ANSWER
Operational Definition
5. A process in society that contributes to the social system and its stability -
ANSWER Function
,6. Social bonds in small traditional societies which are based on common
values - ANSWER Mechanical Solidarity
7. A term that describes professionals who use sociological theories and
methods outside of academic settings in order to produces social change -
ANSWER Applied Sociology
8. Research that describes a problem or situation - ANSWER Descriptive
Research
9. Any kind of communication between people that is understood to have
meaning - ANSWER Social Interactions
10.In statistics, bias is a feature of the statistical technique or inputs, which
causes the study results not to accurately reflect reality. - ANSWER Bias
11.Emile Durkheim's explanation for the way modern societies rely on
differentiation to form social bonds. Different parts of society function as a
whole, much like an organism. - ANSWER Organic Solidarity
12.External circumstances or events that have an effect of the way individual
people behave, such as economy, religion, or government - ANSWER
Social Facts
13.The group (usually of people) about whom we want to be able to draw
conclusions. - ANSWER Population
,14.A type of research focusing on data that can be measured numerically
typically emphasizing complex statistical techniques. - ANSWER
Quantitative
15.A process in society that disrupts the social system or reduces its stability. -
ANSWER Dysfunction
16.The application of the scientific approach to the social world in order to
understand it - ANSWER Positivism
17.An applied practice of sociology that focuses on health intervention, such as
working with medical practitioners, community health services, social
policy, and public health campaigns. - ANSWER Clinical sociology
18.A formal organization that has defined terms of membership, written
governance, and written communication, as well as a division of labor,
responsibility, and accountability. - ANSWER Bureaucracy
19.The name given to theories about society which claimed to apply concepts
of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology. - ANSWER
Social Darwinism
20.A type of field research in which the researcher observes what is being
studied - ANSWER Direct Observation
, 21.The unconscious or unrecognized consequences of an action within the
framework of a social group - ANSWER Latent Function
22.The stated, intended consequences of an institution, action, or social group
- ANSWER Manifest Function
23.A set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain,
and sometimes predict social events - ANSWER Theory
24.The phenomenon that refers to a change in a subject's behavior in an
experiment or study because they know they are being observed. -
ANSWER Hawthorne effect
25.The academic study of social behavior using empirical investigation and
analysis to draw conclusions about social order, disorder, and change. -
ANSWER Sociology
26.Replacing traditional motives, values, and emotions for social action with
rational, calculated ones, a replacement that leads to more efficient social
institutions - ANSWER Rationalization
27.Objects, words, or actions that stand for something else - ANSWER
Symbols
28.The term coined by C. Wright Mills to describe a way of understanding the
world that involves thinking about things from different perspectives and