MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
immunohematology - Correct Answers ✅the study of the
immune aspects of hematology to provide safe therapeutic
blood products to patients
-antigens, antibodies, agglutination, hemolysis and blood
groups
antigen (Ag) - Correct Answers ✅a substance that is
recognized by the body as being foreign, which causes an
immune response
-in blood banking Ags are mainly (but not exclusively found
on the RBC membrane
-the reaction of Abs against foreign Ags in transfused blood is
a common cause of transfusion reactions
antibody (Ab) - Correct Answers ✅a protein substance that
is secreted by plasma cells in response to an antigen
-Abs will only respond to the Ag that they are sensitized
against
-Abs are found in the serum
-commerical Abs can be used for lab testing
-donated blood needs to be screened for Abs that will cause
an attack of recipient cells
hemolysis - Correct Answers ✅the disruption of the RBC
membrane, causing release of hemoglobin into the plasma
-lysis of RBCs
,MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-immunological transfusion reactions in the body can cause
this process to occur
agglutination - Correct Answers ✅the clumping of RBCs (or
other particulate) due to interaction of antibodies with their
corresponding antigen
-clumping that is caused by the interaction of antibodies
accuracy in blood banking - Correct Answers ✅it is
important that testing in blood banks and transfusion labs are
100% accurate to avoid severe transfusion reactions due to
incompatability
-donated blood units need to be typed properly to ensure
they are given to the right patient
-recipients need to be typed properly to ensure they recieve
the correct units of blood
blood test at donor collection facility - Correct Answers ✅-
ABO and Rh typing
-infectious disease testing: syphillis, hepatitis B & C,
AIDS/HIV, HTLV I & II, west nile virus, Chagas disease (T. cruzi)
-ABO and Rh types reconfirmed
blood test at transfusion center - Correct Answers ✅-
reconfirmation of ABO type (make sure it matches the label)
,MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-pre-transfusion testing on patient: ABO, Rh type, antibody
screen, crossmatch
American Red Cross (ARC) - Correct Answers ✅provides
many benefits to members
-disaster relief
-rare donor registry (find rare blood types)
-reference alb services
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Correct Answers
✅regulates all blood component manufacturers, distributors
and medical laboratories in the US
-provides licensure to all blood collection centers, and
approves all methods and products used for blood collection
-blood and blood products are pharmaceutricals and biologics
-center for biological evaluation and research (CBER)
functions under them to control blood collection and
manufacturing of pharmacueticals
AABB - Correct Answers ✅-write stands that blood
collection centers and transfusion centers must follow for
testing
-voluntary accreditation of either people or facilities
-writes technical manuals
, MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-ensures that standards for CMS (medicare and medicaid) are
met
college of American pathologists (CAP) - Correct Answers
✅-voluntary accreditation of clinical laboratories
-administer proficiency testing for clinical laboratories
Joint Comission - Correct Answers ✅offer voluntary
inspection and accreditation of institutions or specific units
within an institution
past blood banking issues - Correct Answers ✅-multiple
blood groups: even with knowing about ABO there were still
transfusion reactions going on that lead to discovery of other
blood groups
-circulatory overload: people who only needed 1 component
of blood were given whole blood that gave an overload of
cells and volume, leading to production of apheresed
products
-blood storage and expiration: blood that was collected would
expire really quickly so research was need to figure out what
would extend the shelf life
RBC membrane - Correct Answers ✅-phospholipid bilayer
containing glycolipids and immunoproteins
-semipermeable
Answers 2026 Update
immunohematology - Correct Answers ✅the study of the
immune aspects of hematology to provide safe therapeutic
blood products to patients
-antigens, antibodies, agglutination, hemolysis and blood
groups
antigen (Ag) - Correct Answers ✅a substance that is
recognized by the body as being foreign, which causes an
immune response
-in blood banking Ags are mainly (but not exclusively found
on the RBC membrane
-the reaction of Abs against foreign Ags in transfused blood is
a common cause of transfusion reactions
antibody (Ab) - Correct Answers ✅a protein substance that
is secreted by plasma cells in response to an antigen
-Abs will only respond to the Ag that they are sensitized
against
-Abs are found in the serum
-commerical Abs can be used for lab testing
-donated blood needs to be screened for Abs that will cause
an attack of recipient cells
hemolysis - Correct Answers ✅the disruption of the RBC
membrane, causing release of hemoglobin into the plasma
-lysis of RBCs
,MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-immunological transfusion reactions in the body can cause
this process to occur
agglutination - Correct Answers ✅the clumping of RBCs (or
other particulate) due to interaction of antibodies with their
corresponding antigen
-clumping that is caused by the interaction of antibodies
accuracy in blood banking - Correct Answers ✅it is
important that testing in blood banks and transfusion labs are
100% accurate to avoid severe transfusion reactions due to
incompatability
-donated blood units need to be typed properly to ensure
they are given to the right patient
-recipients need to be typed properly to ensure they recieve
the correct units of blood
blood test at donor collection facility - Correct Answers ✅-
ABO and Rh typing
-infectious disease testing: syphillis, hepatitis B & C,
AIDS/HIV, HTLV I & II, west nile virus, Chagas disease (T. cruzi)
-ABO and Rh types reconfirmed
blood test at transfusion center - Correct Answers ✅-
reconfirmation of ABO type (make sure it matches the label)
,MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-pre-transfusion testing on patient: ABO, Rh type, antibody
screen, crossmatch
American Red Cross (ARC) - Correct Answers ✅provides
many benefits to members
-disaster relief
-rare donor registry (find rare blood types)
-reference alb services
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Correct Answers
✅regulates all blood component manufacturers, distributors
and medical laboratories in the US
-provides licensure to all blood collection centers, and
approves all methods and products used for blood collection
-blood and blood products are pharmaceutricals and biologics
-center for biological evaluation and research (CBER)
functions under them to control blood collection and
manufacturing of pharmacueticals
AABB - Correct Answers ✅-write stands that blood
collection centers and transfusion centers must follow for
testing
-voluntary accreditation of either people or facilities
-writes technical manuals
, MMSC 409 exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2026 Update
-ensures that standards for CMS (medicare and medicaid) are
met
college of American pathologists (CAP) - Correct Answers
✅-voluntary accreditation of clinical laboratories
-administer proficiency testing for clinical laboratories
Joint Comission - Correct Answers ✅offer voluntary
inspection and accreditation of institutions or specific units
within an institution
past blood banking issues - Correct Answers ✅-multiple
blood groups: even with knowing about ABO there were still
transfusion reactions going on that lead to discovery of other
blood groups
-circulatory overload: people who only needed 1 component
of blood were given whole blood that gave an overload of
cells and volume, leading to production of apheresed
products
-blood storage and expiration: blood that was collected would
expire really quickly so research was need to figure out what
would extend the shelf life
RBC membrane - Correct Answers ✅-phospholipid bilayer
containing glycolipids and immunoproteins
-semipermeable
