BIO 148 Exam 2 Uky Questions With Correct Answers
What do activators do? - ANSWER turn on transcription at the time & location the mRNA
needs to be made
Where do point mutations usually occur? - ANSWER the promoter (which typically alters
amount of gene expression)
What is created from mutations? - ANSWER alleles, which creates new proteins & a new
phenotype
Point mutation - ANSWER gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been
changed
When do mutations occur? - ANSWER during DNA replication
Silent mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does NOT
change the amino acid created
Missense mutation - ANSWER A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes
for a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to 1 of the
3 stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein "STOP that
, nonsense!"
How many tRNA bonding sights do ribosomes have? - ANSWER 3
tRNA - ANSWER an adapter molecule that holds acids in place, posses anticodons that
base pair w/ mRNA (antiparallel, complementary)
5 features of genetic code - ANSWER 1. Redundant (> 1 codon/acid)
2. Unambiguous (1 codon= 1 acid)
3. Non-overlapping (after AUG, reads every 3 bases)
4. Nearly universal (all use ATCG)
5. Conservative (when several codons code for the same acid the first 2 bases are
identical)
Genetic code is - ANSWER redundant
Two distantly related species (like a cow and a yeast) will: - ANSWER have many genes
that differ b/w the two species
Two members of same species will: - ANSWER share all the same genes, but may contain
different alleles
An individual that is heterozygous for a particular gene has: - ANSWER two different
What do activators do? - ANSWER turn on transcription at the time & location the mRNA
needs to be made
Where do point mutations usually occur? - ANSWER the promoter (which typically alters
amount of gene expression)
What is created from mutations? - ANSWER alleles, which creates new proteins & a new
phenotype
Point mutation - ANSWER gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been
changed
When do mutations occur? - ANSWER during DNA replication
Silent mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does NOT
change the amino acid created
Missense mutation - ANSWER A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes
for a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation - ANSWER A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to 1 of the
3 stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein "STOP that
, nonsense!"
How many tRNA bonding sights do ribosomes have? - ANSWER 3
tRNA - ANSWER an adapter molecule that holds acids in place, posses anticodons that
base pair w/ mRNA (antiparallel, complementary)
5 features of genetic code - ANSWER 1. Redundant (> 1 codon/acid)
2. Unambiguous (1 codon= 1 acid)
3. Non-overlapping (after AUG, reads every 3 bases)
4. Nearly universal (all use ATCG)
5. Conservative (when several codons code for the same acid the first 2 bases are
identical)
Genetic code is - ANSWER redundant
Two distantly related species (like a cow and a yeast) will: - ANSWER have many genes
that differ b/w the two species
Two members of same species will: - ANSWER share all the same genes, but may contain
different alleles
An individual that is heterozygous for a particular gene has: - ANSWER two different
