UNFOLDING REASONING CASE STUDY
HEART FAILURE JOANN SMITH 72 YEARS
OLD EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family,
and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse
use to develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's
motivation style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic. Answer: C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions that,
when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists place
significance on how achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and
avoidance motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are
not involved in motivation.
⩥ The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater
risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
,b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic. Answer: C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or
have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of frostbite.
⩥ Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it as
much. Answer: D
There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients perceive
pain any differently than younger clients. The other statements are
accurate regarding older clients and pain.
,⩥ The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on
a hot day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling well.
Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26 breaths/min, and
blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse leads
him to a cot. What is the priory action of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink. Answer: C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency.
The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should
take actions to lower his body temp in teh meantime by removing his
shirt and sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by
drinking cool fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effective in an
emergency situation. The client needs to be cooled quickly and is a
priority for treatment
⩥ The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina
1000 mL solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that
the area around the IV site burns. What intervention does the nurse
perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
, b. notify the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion. Answer: D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to discontinue
the solution that contains the potassium and discontinue the IV
altogether, in which case the client would need another site started.
Assessing for a blood return may or may not be successful. The solution
could be diluted (less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is
determined that the needle is in the vein.
⩥ A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income. Answer: D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to meet
rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
⩥ Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
HEART FAILURE JOANN SMITH 72 YEARS
OLD EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family,
and hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse
use to develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's
motivation style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic. Answer: C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions that,
when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists place
significance on how achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and
avoidance motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are
not involved in motivation.
⩥ The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater
risk for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
,b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic. Answer: C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or
have impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of frostbite.
⩥ Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it as
much. Answer: D
There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients perceive
pain any differently than younger clients. The other statements are
accurate regarding older clients and pain.
,⩥ The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on
a hot day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling well.
Vital signs are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26 breaths/min, and
blood pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse leads
him to a cot. What is the priory action of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink. Answer: C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency.
The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should
take actions to lower his body temp in teh meantime by removing his
shirt and sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by
drinking cool fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effective in an
emergency situation. The client needs to be cooled quickly and is a
priority for treatment
⩥ The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina
1000 mL solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that
the area around the IV site burns. What intervention does the nurse
perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
, b. notify the physician
c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion. Answer: D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to discontinue
the solution that contains the potassium and discontinue the IV
altogether, in which case the client would need another site started.
Assessing for a blood return may or may not be successful. The solution
could be diluted (less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is
determined that the needle is in the vein.
⩥ A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which
economic situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income. Answer: D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to meet
rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
⩥ Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain
has been associated with
