Test Bank For OpenStax Anatomy and
Physiology 2e.
,Unit 1: Levels of Organization
● Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
● Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization
● Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization
● Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization
Unit 2: Support and Movement
● Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
● Chapter 6: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
● Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton
● Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton
● Chapter 9: Joints
● Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
● Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Unit 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control
● Chapter 12: The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
● Chapter 13: Anatomy of the Nervous System
● Chapter 14: The Somatic Nervous System
● Chapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System
● Chapter 16: The Neurological Exam
● Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Unit 4: Fluids and Transport
● Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
● Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
● Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
● Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune System
Unit 5: Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange
● Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
● Chapter 23: The Digestive System
● Chapter 24: Metabolism and Nutrition
● Chapter 25: The Urinary System
● Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Unit 6: Human Development and the Continuity of Life
● Chapter 27: The Reproductive System
● Chapter 28: Development and Inheritance
,Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
1. A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain.
An ultrasound reveals an inflammation of the membrane directly adhering to the surface of
the liver. Which specific structure is affected?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. Parietal peritoneum
D. Visceral pleura
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The liver is located in the abdominopelvic cavity. Serous membranes consist
of two layers: the parietal layer (lining the cavity wall) and the visceral layer (covering the
organ). The visceral peritoneum is the specific serous membrane in direct contact with
abdominal organs like the liver.
2. During a clinical trial for a new antihypertensive medication, researchers observe that
the drug works by enhancing the body’s ability to detect high blood pressure and
subsequently stimulating a decrease in heart rate. This mechanism is an example of:
A. Positive feedback
B. Feed-forward regulation
C. Negative feedback
D. Set point deviation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Negative feedback loops work to reverse a deviation from the set point,
maintaining homeostasis. By detecting high blood pressure and triggering a response
(lowering heart rate) to bring it back toward the normal range, the body is utilizing a
negative feedback mechanism.
3. A surgeon is performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). To
access the gallbladder, the surgeon must make an incision in which abdominopelvic
quadrant?
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
, B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Clinical localization of organs is essential for diagnosis and surgery. The
gallbladder and the majority of the liver are located in the Right Upper Quadrant.
4. A patient is brought to the trauma bay with a "through-and-through" gunshot wound to
the thigh. The entry wound is on the anterior surface, and the exit wound is on the
posterior surface. In anatomical position, the path of the bullet moved in which direction?
A. From proximal to distal
B. From superficial to deep to superficial
C. From medial to lateral
D. From cranial to caudal
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The bullet moves from the outside (superficial), through the internal tissues
(deep), and out the other side (superficial). Anatomical position is the standard reference
point for describing these relationships regardless of the patient's actual posture during
the injury.
5. A researcher is studying the transition of unspecialized mesenchymal cells into
osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). This process of functional specialization is known as:
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Differentiation
D. Anabolism
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells (like stem cells)
become specialized in structure and function. Growth refers to an increase in size/number,
while anabolism is the "building up" phase of metabolism.
Physiology 2e.
,Unit 1: Levels of Organization
● Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
● Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization
● Chapter 3: The Cellular Level of Organization
● Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization
Unit 2: Support and Movement
● Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
● Chapter 6: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
● Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton
● Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton
● Chapter 9: Joints
● Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
● Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Unit 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control
● Chapter 12: The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
● Chapter 13: Anatomy of the Nervous System
● Chapter 14: The Somatic Nervous System
● Chapter 15: The Autonomic Nervous System
● Chapter 16: The Neurological Exam
● Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Unit 4: Fluids and Transport
● Chapter 18: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
● Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
● Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
● Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune System
Unit 5: Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange
● Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
● Chapter 23: The Digestive System
● Chapter 24: Metabolism and Nutrition
● Chapter 25: The Urinary System
● Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Unit 6: Human Development and the Continuity of Life
● Chapter 27: The Reproductive System
● Chapter 28: Development and Inheritance
,Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
1. A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain.
An ultrasound reveals an inflammation of the membrane directly adhering to the surface of
the liver. Which specific structure is affected?
A. Parietal pleura
B. Visceral peritoneum
C. Parietal peritoneum
D. Visceral pleura
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The liver is located in the abdominopelvic cavity. Serous membranes consist
of two layers: the parietal layer (lining the cavity wall) and the visceral layer (covering the
organ). The visceral peritoneum is the specific serous membrane in direct contact with
abdominal organs like the liver.
2. During a clinical trial for a new antihypertensive medication, researchers observe that
the drug works by enhancing the body’s ability to detect high blood pressure and
subsequently stimulating a decrease in heart rate. This mechanism is an example of:
A. Positive feedback
B. Feed-forward regulation
C. Negative feedback
D. Set point deviation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Negative feedback loops work to reverse a deviation from the set point,
maintaining homeostasis. By detecting high blood pressure and triggering a response
(lowering heart rate) to bring it back toward the normal range, the body is utilizing a
negative feedback mechanism.
3. A surgeon is performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). To
access the gallbladder, the surgeon must make an incision in which abdominopelvic
quadrant?
A. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
, B. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Clinical localization of organs is essential for diagnosis and surgery. The
gallbladder and the majority of the liver are located in the Right Upper Quadrant.
4. A patient is brought to the trauma bay with a "through-and-through" gunshot wound to
the thigh. The entry wound is on the anterior surface, and the exit wound is on the
posterior surface. In anatomical position, the path of the bullet moved in which direction?
A. From proximal to distal
B. From superficial to deep to superficial
C. From medial to lateral
D. From cranial to caudal
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The bullet moves from the outside (superficial), through the internal tissues
(deep), and out the other side (superficial). Anatomical position is the standard reference
point for describing these relationships regardless of the patient's actual posture during
the injury.
5. A researcher is studying the transition of unspecialized mesenchymal cells into
osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). This process of functional specialization is known as:
A. Growth
B. Reproduction
C. Differentiation
D. Anabolism
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells (like stem cells)
become specialized in structure and function. Growth refers to an increase in size/number,
while anabolism is the "building up" phase of metabolism.
