Nurs 400 Final Exam – Questions With Reliable
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Terms in this set (237)
Cerebral perfusion pressure in 50-70 mm hg
patients with severe brain injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) 70-80
normal range
Autonomic Dysreflexia (potentially life threatening emergency!) HOB
elevate 90 degrees, loosen constrictive clothing,
assess for full bladder or bowel impaction, (trigger)
administer antihypertensives (may cause stroke, MI,
seizure)
Hypertensive crisis
halo vest external traction device that encircles the head like a
halo and stabilizes the cervical spine
incomplete spinal cord lesion a condition in which there is preservation of the
sensory or motor fibers, or both, below the lesion
complete spinal cord lesion a condition that involves total loss of sensation and
voluntary muscle control below the lesion
neurogenic bladder Bladder dysfunction due to damage to Nervous
system. Incontinence or retention
paraplegia paralysis of lower extremities with dysfunction of
bowel and bladder from thoracic, lumbar, or sacral
region lesion
,Tetraplegia varying degrees of paralysis of both arms and legs,
with dysfunction of bowel and bladder from a lesion
of the cervical segments of the spinal cord; formerly
called quadriplegia
Traumatic Brain Injury Injury to the brain that disrupts normal function
TBI closed Rapid acceleration / deceleration of the head which
throws the brain against the skull in full force. Brain
tissue is damaged. No opening in skull
TBI penetrating object penetrates the skull and enters brain
damaging tissue. Or if blunt trauma is severe enough
to open scalp
A complete spinal cord lesion can Tetraplegia or paraplegia
result in
Characteristics of autonomic pounding headache, perfuse sweating, nasal
dysreflexia congestion, goose bumps, bradycardia
ischemic stroke causes Large artery thrombosis
• Small penetrating artery thrombosis
• Cardiogenic embolic
• Cryptogenic (no known cause)
• Other
Ischemic stroke presenting symptoms numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg especially
on side of the body
Hemorrhagic stroke causes -intracerebral hemorrhage
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
-cerebral aneurysm
-arteriovenous malformation
Hemorrhagic stroke main presenting exploding headache, decreased level of considering
symptoms
,Agnosia failure to recognize familiar object perceived by the
senses
aneurysm a weakening or bulge in an arterial wall
aphasia inability to express oneself or to understand
language
Apraxia inability to perform previously learned purposeful
motor acts on a voluntary basis
atrial fibrillation rapid irregular electrical activity in the atria of the
heart leading to irregular apical pulse rate
Cryptogenic stroke a stroke of unknown origin
Dysarthria defects of articulation due to neurologic causes
expressive aphasia inability to express oneself often associated with
damage to the temporal lobe area
Hemianopsia blindness of half of the field of vision in one or both
eyes
hemiplegia/hemiparesis weakness/paralysis of one side of the body, or part
of it, due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
Korsakoff's syndrome disorder characterized by psychosis, disorientation,
delirium, insomnia, and hallucinations usually seen in
alcoholics
Lacunar type stroke lack of blood flow through a small artery in the brain
which results in decreased blood flow a group of
lacuna stokes can lead to dementia
penumbra region area of low cerebral blood flow area surrounding a
stroke
, receptive aphasia inability to understand what someone else is saying
often associated with damage to the temporal lobe
area
Homonymous Hemianopsia loss of half of the visual field
Place objects within intact field of vision
approach from unaffected side
Left hemispheric stroke paralysis/weakness of right side of body
right visual deficit
aphasia
increased distractibility
altered intellectual ability
slow cautious behaviour
Right hemispheric stroke paralysis/ weakness of left side of body
left visual field deficit
spatial perceptual deficit
impulsive behaviour and poor judgement
lack of awareness of deficits
Ischemic stroke modifiable risk factors smoking
sedentary lifestyle
obesity
alcohol
a-fib
diabetes
ischemic stroke treatment tPA if within 3-4.5 hours and no hemorrhage/risk of it
reduce risk: aspirin, clopidogrel, BP control, blood
sugar and lipids control, treatment of conditions that
inc risk (e.g. a.fib.)
Stroke with a-fib treatment with dose adjusted warfarin
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (237)
Cerebral perfusion pressure in 50-70 mm hg
patients with severe brain injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) 70-80
normal range
Autonomic Dysreflexia (potentially life threatening emergency!) HOB
elevate 90 degrees, loosen constrictive clothing,
assess for full bladder or bowel impaction, (trigger)
administer antihypertensives (may cause stroke, MI,
seizure)
Hypertensive crisis
halo vest external traction device that encircles the head like a
halo and stabilizes the cervical spine
incomplete spinal cord lesion a condition in which there is preservation of the
sensory or motor fibers, or both, below the lesion
complete spinal cord lesion a condition that involves total loss of sensation and
voluntary muscle control below the lesion
neurogenic bladder Bladder dysfunction due to damage to Nervous
system. Incontinence or retention
paraplegia paralysis of lower extremities with dysfunction of
bowel and bladder from thoracic, lumbar, or sacral
region lesion
,Tetraplegia varying degrees of paralysis of both arms and legs,
with dysfunction of bowel and bladder from a lesion
of the cervical segments of the spinal cord; formerly
called quadriplegia
Traumatic Brain Injury Injury to the brain that disrupts normal function
TBI closed Rapid acceleration / deceleration of the head which
throws the brain against the skull in full force. Brain
tissue is damaged. No opening in skull
TBI penetrating object penetrates the skull and enters brain
damaging tissue. Or if blunt trauma is severe enough
to open scalp
A complete spinal cord lesion can Tetraplegia or paraplegia
result in
Characteristics of autonomic pounding headache, perfuse sweating, nasal
dysreflexia congestion, goose bumps, bradycardia
ischemic stroke causes Large artery thrombosis
• Small penetrating artery thrombosis
• Cardiogenic embolic
• Cryptogenic (no known cause)
• Other
Ischemic stroke presenting symptoms numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg especially
on side of the body
Hemorrhagic stroke causes -intracerebral hemorrhage
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
-cerebral aneurysm
-arteriovenous malformation
Hemorrhagic stroke main presenting exploding headache, decreased level of considering
symptoms
,Agnosia failure to recognize familiar object perceived by the
senses
aneurysm a weakening or bulge in an arterial wall
aphasia inability to express oneself or to understand
language
Apraxia inability to perform previously learned purposeful
motor acts on a voluntary basis
atrial fibrillation rapid irregular electrical activity in the atria of the
heart leading to irregular apical pulse rate
Cryptogenic stroke a stroke of unknown origin
Dysarthria defects of articulation due to neurologic causes
expressive aphasia inability to express oneself often associated with
damage to the temporal lobe area
Hemianopsia blindness of half of the field of vision in one or both
eyes
hemiplegia/hemiparesis weakness/paralysis of one side of the body, or part
of it, due to an injury in the motor area of the brain
Korsakoff's syndrome disorder characterized by psychosis, disorientation,
delirium, insomnia, and hallucinations usually seen in
alcoholics
Lacunar type stroke lack of blood flow through a small artery in the brain
which results in decreased blood flow a group of
lacuna stokes can lead to dementia
penumbra region area of low cerebral blood flow area surrounding a
stroke
, receptive aphasia inability to understand what someone else is saying
often associated with damage to the temporal lobe
area
Homonymous Hemianopsia loss of half of the visual field
Place objects within intact field of vision
approach from unaffected side
Left hemispheric stroke paralysis/weakness of right side of body
right visual deficit
aphasia
increased distractibility
altered intellectual ability
slow cautious behaviour
Right hemispheric stroke paralysis/ weakness of left side of body
left visual field deficit
spatial perceptual deficit
impulsive behaviour and poor judgement
lack of awareness of deficits
Ischemic stroke modifiable risk factors smoking
sedentary lifestyle
obesity
alcohol
a-fib
diabetes
ischemic stroke treatment tPA if within 3-4.5 hours and no hemorrhage/risk of it
reduce risk: aspirin, clopidogrel, BP control, blood
sugar and lipids control, treatment of conditions that
inc risk (e.g. a.fib.)
Stroke with a-fib treatment with dose adjusted warfarin
