CRAM A level bio ocr a exams with accurate answers

1 of 133

Definition



DNA polymerase joins new nucleotides together forming
phosphodiester bonds, two identical strands, semi-conservative



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DNA repair step 3 Transcription step 3




DNA replication step 3 RNA replication step 3


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2 of 133

Definition

,microvilli- increase s.a
biconcave shape- increase s.a for o2 diffusion



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Storage adaptations Transport




Diffusion adaptations Prokaryote adaptations


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3 of 133

Definition



prok: DNA short and circular and not associated with proteins
euk: DNA linear and long, coil around histones to make chromosomes



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Enzymes Genome




DNA within cells RNA


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, 4 of 133

Definition



ADP + Pi + energy (pi inorganic phosphate)
hydrolysis reaction by ATP hydrolase
rapidly reformed by ATP synthase



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ADP + h2O AMP + Pi + energy




ATP + CO2 ATP + h2O


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5 of 133

Definition



size, solubility in solvent and polar interactions with stationary phase



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saturated and unsaturated surface tension




substances travel up stationary
Biuret test
phase based on

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6 of 133

Definition



Distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent



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rrna rf formula




trna biuret test


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7 of 133

Term



enzymes are specific because



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enzyme- tertiary structure
AS- specific 3D shape determined by tertiary structure
S- specific and complementary shape to active site