KETTERING ACTUAL 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Stuporous or confused - ✔✔A patient who responds inappropriately, drug overdose,
or intoxicated is described as?
✔✔comatose - ✔✔A patient who does not respond to painful stimuli is described as?
✔✔Obtunded - ✔✔A patient who is in a drowsy state and a decreased cough or gag
reflex is said to be?
✔✔CHF - ✔✔A patient complains of SOB while laying down what is the most likely
cause?
✔✔difficulty breathing except in the upright position - ✔✔Orthopnea is defined as?
✔✔general malaise - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER feeling run down, nauseous,
weak, fatigued, and with a headache is described as having?
✔✔a feeling of SOB and difficulty breathing. - ✔✔Dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔4 - ✔✔A patient present to the ER with dyspnea while slowly walking short
distances. What grade of dyspnea does the patient have
✔✔dyspnea occurring after unusual exertion - ✔✔Dyspnea grade 1 is defined as?
✔✔5 - ✔✔A patient has dyspnea while at rest, shaving, dressing, etc. The patient has
grade ___ dyspnea?
✔✔breathless after going up hills or stairs - ✔✔Grade 2 dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔dyspnea while walking at normal speed - ✔✔Grade 3 dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔Activities of daily living - ✔✔Katz scoring system is used to evaluate what?
✔✔Presence of excessive fluid in the tissue known as pitting edema - ✔✔Peripheral
edema is defined as?
✔✔CHF and renal failure - ✔✔Peripheral edema is most commonly caused by?
✔✔Diuretics - ✔✔The most common therapy for peripheral edema is?
✔✔furosemide, lasix - ✔✔Name two diuretics that can be given to a patient with
edema?
,✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen - ✔✔Ascites is defined as?
✔✔Liver failure - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER with ascites the doctor ask the
therapist what is the underlying problem is?
✔✔Chronic hypoxemia - ✔✔Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the
presence of digital clubbing which is caused by?
✔✔Pulmonary disease - ✔✔Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the
presence of digital clubbing which suggest the presence of what kind of disease?
✔✔CHF - ✔✔Venous distention or JVD is typically seen in patient with what kind of
disease?
✔✔Obstructive lung disease - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER with SOB and upon
closer inspection the therapist notes JVD during exhalation only. What should the
therapist assume is the underlying problem is?
✔✔Diuretics and positive inotropic agents - ✔✔A patient has noted diaphoresis related
to heart failure what kind of medications should the therapist recommend?
✔✔Antibiotics - ✔✔A patient has noted diaphores with a fever. what kind of medications
should the therapist recommend?
✔✔A state of heavy sweating - ✔✔Diaphoresis is defined as?
✔✔Tuberculosis - ✔✔Night sweats suggest the presence of?
✔✔Anemia or acute blood loss - ✔✔A patient whose skin color is described as ashen or
pallor most likely suffers from?
✔✔Vasoconstriction will cause color change by reducing boold flow - ✔✔Changes in a
patients skin color to ashen or pallor is caused by what physiological respond to anemia
or acute blood loss?
✔✔Depression of part of the strenum - ✔✔Pectus excavatum is defined as?
✔✔Convex curvature of the spine - ✔✔Kyphosis is defined as?
✔✔Restrictive, ventilate. - ✔✔Abnormal chest configuration is a ______________
respiratory disease and diminishes the patient ability to ___________.
✔✔Anterior protrusion of the strenum - ✔✔Pectus carinatum is defined as?
, ✔✔Lateral curvature of the spine - ✔✔Scoliosis is defined as?
✔✔Restrictive, reduced lung volumes - ✔✔Kyphoscoliosis results in what kind of
respiratory pattern? And results in?
✔✔COPD - ✔✔Barrel chest is caused by what pulmonary disease?
✔✔Air trapping - ✔✔Barrel chest in COPD patients is caused by?
✔✔A barrel chest - ✔✔A patient is described as having an increased A-P diameter is
said to have?
✔✔nothing because the patient is breathing normally. - ✔✔A respiratory therapist
examines a patients and notes that the patients abdomen moves out during inspiration
and the thorax moves outward and upward what should the therapist do?
✔✔post lung resection (post-pneumonectomy),
atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical chest movement), endotracheal tube
inserted in right or left mainstream bronchi. - ✔✔The patient has unequal
(asymmetrical) chest movement what are the 5 possible causes?
✔✔increased RR, increased depth, and regular rhythm - ✔✔Hyperpnea is defined as?
✔✔Metabolic disorder and CNS disorder - ✔✔What disorders are associated with
hyperpnea? (2)
✔✔Cheyenne-stokes - ✔✔A patient breathing pattern is described as gradually
increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with
periods of apnea of lasting up to 60 seconds what is it called?
✔✔increased intracranial pressure, brainstem injury, and drug overdose. - ✔✔What are
the underlying causes of cheyne-stokes? (3)
✔✔Biots - ✔✔Increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea.
Each breath has the same depth is known as?
✔✔CNS problem - ✔✔Biots is caused by?
✔✔Kussmaul's breathing - ✔✔Increased respiratory rate (usually over 20 breaths/min)
increased depth, irregular rhythm, and labored breath sounds is known as?
✔✔metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Kussmaul's is
caused by? (3)
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Stuporous or confused - ✔✔A patient who responds inappropriately, drug overdose,
or intoxicated is described as?
✔✔comatose - ✔✔A patient who does not respond to painful stimuli is described as?
✔✔Obtunded - ✔✔A patient who is in a drowsy state and a decreased cough or gag
reflex is said to be?
✔✔CHF - ✔✔A patient complains of SOB while laying down what is the most likely
cause?
✔✔difficulty breathing except in the upright position - ✔✔Orthopnea is defined as?
✔✔general malaise - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER feeling run down, nauseous,
weak, fatigued, and with a headache is described as having?
✔✔a feeling of SOB and difficulty breathing. - ✔✔Dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔4 - ✔✔A patient present to the ER with dyspnea while slowly walking short
distances. What grade of dyspnea does the patient have
✔✔dyspnea occurring after unusual exertion - ✔✔Dyspnea grade 1 is defined as?
✔✔5 - ✔✔A patient has dyspnea while at rest, shaving, dressing, etc. The patient has
grade ___ dyspnea?
✔✔breathless after going up hills or stairs - ✔✔Grade 2 dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔dyspnea while walking at normal speed - ✔✔Grade 3 dyspnea is defined as?
✔✔Activities of daily living - ✔✔Katz scoring system is used to evaluate what?
✔✔Presence of excessive fluid in the tissue known as pitting edema - ✔✔Peripheral
edema is defined as?
✔✔CHF and renal failure - ✔✔Peripheral edema is most commonly caused by?
✔✔Diuretics - ✔✔The most common therapy for peripheral edema is?
✔✔furosemide, lasix - ✔✔Name two diuretics that can be given to a patient with
edema?
,✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen - ✔✔Ascites is defined as?
✔✔Liver failure - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER with ascites the doctor ask the
therapist what is the underlying problem is?
✔✔Chronic hypoxemia - ✔✔Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the
presence of digital clubbing which is caused by?
✔✔Pulmonary disease - ✔✔Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the
presence of digital clubbing which suggest the presence of what kind of disease?
✔✔CHF - ✔✔Venous distention or JVD is typically seen in patient with what kind of
disease?
✔✔Obstructive lung disease - ✔✔A patient presents to the ER with SOB and upon
closer inspection the therapist notes JVD during exhalation only. What should the
therapist assume is the underlying problem is?
✔✔Diuretics and positive inotropic agents - ✔✔A patient has noted diaphoresis related
to heart failure what kind of medications should the therapist recommend?
✔✔Antibiotics - ✔✔A patient has noted diaphores with a fever. what kind of medications
should the therapist recommend?
✔✔A state of heavy sweating - ✔✔Diaphoresis is defined as?
✔✔Tuberculosis - ✔✔Night sweats suggest the presence of?
✔✔Anemia or acute blood loss - ✔✔A patient whose skin color is described as ashen or
pallor most likely suffers from?
✔✔Vasoconstriction will cause color change by reducing boold flow - ✔✔Changes in a
patients skin color to ashen or pallor is caused by what physiological respond to anemia
or acute blood loss?
✔✔Depression of part of the strenum - ✔✔Pectus excavatum is defined as?
✔✔Convex curvature of the spine - ✔✔Kyphosis is defined as?
✔✔Restrictive, ventilate. - ✔✔Abnormal chest configuration is a ______________
respiratory disease and diminishes the patient ability to ___________.
✔✔Anterior protrusion of the strenum - ✔✔Pectus carinatum is defined as?
, ✔✔Lateral curvature of the spine - ✔✔Scoliosis is defined as?
✔✔Restrictive, reduced lung volumes - ✔✔Kyphoscoliosis results in what kind of
respiratory pattern? And results in?
✔✔COPD - ✔✔Barrel chest is caused by what pulmonary disease?
✔✔Air trapping - ✔✔Barrel chest in COPD patients is caused by?
✔✔A barrel chest - ✔✔A patient is described as having an increased A-P diameter is
said to have?
✔✔nothing because the patient is breathing normally. - ✔✔A respiratory therapist
examines a patients and notes that the patients abdomen moves out during inspiration
and the thorax moves outward and upward what should the therapist do?
✔✔post lung resection (post-pneumonectomy),
atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical chest movement), endotracheal tube
inserted in right or left mainstream bronchi. - ✔✔The patient has unequal
(asymmetrical) chest movement what are the 5 possible causes?
✔✔increased RR, increased depth, and regular rhythm - ✔✔Hyperpnea is defined as?
✔✔Metabolic disorder and CNS disorder - ✔✔What disorders are associated with
hyperpnea? (2)
✔✔Cheyenne-stokes - ✔✔A patient breathing pattern is described as gradually
increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with
periods of apnea of lasting up to 60 seconds what is it called?
✔✔increased intracranial pressure, brainstem injury, and drug overdose. - ✔✔What are
the underlying causes of cheyne-stokes? (3)
✔✔Biots - ✔✔Increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea.
Each breath has the same depth is known as?
✔✔CNS problem - ✔✔Biots is caused by?
✔✔Kussmaul's breathing - ✔✔Increased respiratory rate (usually over 20 breaths/min)
increased depth, irregular rhythm, and labored breath sounds is known as?
✔✔metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Kussmaul's is
caused by? (3)
