BIO 251 EXAM 1 ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE (UPDATED
2025–2026)
What is a cell? - correct answer -Basic unit of life
What is a tissue? - correct answer -A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry
out a particular function
What is an organ? - correct answer -a structure composed of two or more tissue types that
performs a specific function
What is an organ system? - correct answer -A group of organs working together to perform a
particular function
What are the 4 primary tissue types? - correct answer -epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
function of epithelial tissue - correct answer -Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms
glands.
function of connective tissue - correct answer -provides support, protection , binding, and
stores energy
function of muscle tissue - correct answer -contracts to cause movement
function of nervous tissue - correct answer -Detects stimuli and transmits signals
, What is homeostasis? - correct answer -Maintaining a stable internal environment despite
external changes
What are components of negative feedback - correct answer -receptor, control center, effector
How do negative feedback loops maintain homeostasis? - correct answer -By reversing
deviations from ideal condition
Difference between active and passive transport - correct answer -Active transport requires
energy and passive does not
3 types of passive transport - correct answer -simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
how does simple diffusion move molecules - correct answer -from high concentration to low
concentration through membrane
How does facilitated diffusion work? - correct answer -carrier protein helps substance move
through membrane
How does osmosis work? - correct answer -Water diffuses through membrane
Difference between leak and gated channels - correct answer -Leak channels are always open,
Gated channels open and close in response to stimuli.
Three types of gated channels - correct answer -ligand, voltage, mechanical
How do carrier proteins transport substances in facilitated diffusion - correct answer -Bind
molecule, change shape, and release it across membrane (no energy)
2025–2026)
What is a cell? - correct answer -Basic unit of life
What is a tissue? - correct answer -A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to carry
out a particular function
What is an organ? - correct answer -a structure composed of two or more tissue types that
performs a specific function
What is an organ system? - correct answer -A group of organs working together to perform a
particular function
What are the 4 primary tissue types? - correct answer -epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
function of epithelial tissue - correct answer -Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms
glands.
function of connective tissue - correct answer -provides support, protection , binding, and
stores energy
function of muscle tissue - correct answer -contracts to cause movement
function of nervous tissue - correct answer -Detects stimuli and transmits signals
, What is homeostasis? - correct answer -Maintaining a stable internal environment despite
external changes
What are components of negative feedback - correct answer -receptor, control center, effector
How do negative feedback loops maintain homeostasis? - correct answer -By reversing
deviations from ideal condition
Difference between active and passive transport - correct answer -Active transport requires
energy and passive does not
3 types of passive transport - correct answer -simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
how does simple diffusion move molecules - correct answer -from high concentration to low
concentration through membrane
How does facilitated diffusion work? - correct answer -carrier protein helps substance move
through membrane
How does osmosis work? - correct answer -Water diffuses through membrane
Difference between leak and gated channels - correct answer -Leak channels are always open,
Gated channels open and close in response to stimuli.
Three types of gated channels - correct answer -ligand, voltage, mechanical
How do carrier proteins transport substances in facilitated diffusion - correct answer -Bind
molecule, change shape, and release it across membrane (no energy)
