CSOWM - BARIATRIC SURGERY PROCEDURES AND
NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST
UPDATE 2026-2027 (GRADED A+)
Combination Procedures - ANSWER Gastric manipulation causes some
restriction and neural/hormonal alterations.
Examples include Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
(RYGB), and Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD/DS).
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) - ANSWER: 80% of the stomach is removed
(particularly the fundus, which dramatically lowers ghrelin production).
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) Advantages - ANSWER - done more swiftly,
resulting in shorter anaesthesia duration and a lower degree of post-
operative systemic
ANSWER.
- Fewer complications.
- reduced risk of micronutritional disorders.
- Lower risk of long-term problems (obstructions, ulcers, dumping
syndrome, hypoglycemia, etc.).
- Can be updated or transformed.
,- provides access to both the biliary and pancreatic ducts (for upper
GI/EGD)
- A positive shift in the gut microbiome.
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) Disadvantages and Risks - ANSWER - may
aggravate GERD due to the preservation of acid-producing cells.
- Unknown long-term data (10+ years) on the sustainability of weight
loss and comorbidity benefits.
- contraindicated in patients with severe GERD, lower oesophagal
sphincter incompetency, and Barrett's oesophagus
Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Procedures - Answer - Previously
known as weight loss surgery.
- Affect physiological regulation of body weight.
- Lower morbidity and mortality rates among overweight and obese
people.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) - Step 1 Restriction: The surgeon
separates the upper and lower halves of the stomach. The upper portion
(or the "pouch") is subsequently attached to a small intestine limb known
as the "Roux limb." The new stomach pouch limits the amount of food
you can eat, causing you to feel full even after consuming a modest
amount.
Step 2 Malabsorption: The pouch is then attached to the center of the
small intestine (the jejunum), bypassing the duodenum and a portion of
the jejunum.
, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Mechanisms: Ghrelin Suppression
- Nutrient exposure to the gut is adequate for food-induced ghrelin
suppression.
- it may result in partial vagotomy.
Increases Satiety and Reduces Appetite.
It promotes nutrient transport into the hindgut (cecum, large colon, small
colon, and rectum), increasing the release of gut hormones (GLP-1, PPY,
OXM, CCK) and bile acids.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Disadvantages and Risks -
ANSWER:
Obstruction (due to hiatal hernia)
- Adhesions
- ulcers (NSAIDs, tobacco smoking), including anastomotic ulcers.
- Dumping Syndrome
Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) / Duodenal Switch (DS) - ANSWER
80% of the stomach is excised (similar to a sleeve gastrectomy), and the
NUTRITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST
UPDATE 2026-2027 (GRADED A+)
Combination Procedures - ANSWER Gastric manipulation causes some
restriction and neural/hormonal alterations.
Examples include Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
(RYGB), and Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD/DS).
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) - ANSWER: 80% of the stomach is removed
(particularly the fundus, which dramatically lowers ghrelin production).
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) Advantages - ANSWER - done more swiftly,
resulting in shorter anaesthesia duration and a lower degree of post-
operative systemic
ANSWER.
- Fewer complications.
- reduced risk of micronutritional disorders.
- Lower risk of long-term problems (obstructions, ulcers, dumping
syndrome, hypoglycemia, etc.).
- Can be updated or transformed.
,- provides access to both the biliary and pancreatic ducts (for upper
GI/EGD)
- A positive shift in the gut microbiome.
Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) Disadvantages and Risks - ANSWER - may
aggravate GERD due to the preservation of acid-producing cells.
- Unknown long-term data (10+ years) on the sustainability of weight
loss and comorbidity benefits.
- contraindicated in patients with severe GERD, lower oesophagal
sphincter incompetency, and Barrett's oesophagus
Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Procedures - Answer - Previously
known as weight loss surgery.
- Affect physiological regulation of body weight.
- Lower morbidity and mortality rates among overweight and obese
people.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) - Step 1 Restriction: The surgeon
separates the upper and lower halves of the stomach. The upper portion
(or the "pouch") is subsequently attached to a small intestine limb known
as the "Roux limb." The new stomach pouch limits the amount of food
you can eat, causing you to feel full even after consuming a modest
amount.
Step 2 Malabsorption: The pouch is then attached to the center of the
small intestine (the jejunum), bypassing the duodenum and a portion of
the jejunum.
, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Mechanisms: Ghrelin Suppression
- Nutrient exposure to the gut is adequate for food-induced ghrelin
suppression.
- it may result in partial vagotomy.
Increases Satiety and Reduces Appetite.
It promotes nutrient transport into the hindgut (cecum, large colon, small
colon, and rectum), increasing the release of gut hormones (GLP-1, PPY,
OXM, CCK) and bile acids.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Disadvantages and Risks -
ANSWER:
Obstruction (due to hiatal hernia)
- Adhesions
- ulcers (NSAIDs, tobacco smoking), including anastomotic ulcers.
- Dumping Syndrome
Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) / Duodenal Switch (DS) - ANSWER
80% of the stomach is excised (similar to a sleeve gastrectomy), and the
