WGU C224: Research 2026-2027
Comprehensive Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100%
Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. Measurement instruments - ANSWER *reliability - degree to which a
test consistently measures whatever it is measuring; *validity - degree to
which a test measures what it is intended to measure; *validity assumes
reliability
2. Factors that threaten validity of measurement instruments - ANSWER
*unclear test directions; *ambiguous test items; *complex vocabulary &
sentence structure; *subjective scoring; *items on test not covered in
instruction; *inconsistent testing procedures; *cheating (see pg 158)
3. How to determine reliability? - ANSWER *stability (test - re-test);
*equivalence (2 similar tests); *Internal Consistency (requires only 1 test
administration) split half, Kuder Richardson, Chronibachs Alpha) ; see
chapter 6
4. Types of Measurement Instruments (see Ch. 6) - ANSWER Achievement
tests; aptitude tests; Affective tests; Projective tests
,5. Dependent variable - ANSWER the effect or outcome
6. Independent variable - ANSWER the cause or treatment
7. Measurement Scales - ANSWER variables - a placeholder that can
assume any one of a range of values
8. Variables - ANSWER nominal - named categories i.e. male/female;
ordinal - ranks form high to low, i.e. class rank; interval - scores on
achievement tests i.e. 90% and 100%; ratio - has true zero point i.e. height,
weight, time, distance, *(pp145-146)
9. Attitude scales commonly used in education - ANSWER *likert - strongly
agree to strongly disagree; *semantic differential - select a position on a
continuum i.e. Better to worse; *Rating scales - various forms i.e. select the
statement that best describes you
10.Data analysis (ch. 18) - ANSWER categorical analysis for qualitative data;
statistical methods for quantitative data
11.Analyzing Qualitative Data - ANSWER -reading/memoing; -classifying; -
identifying themes & patterns; -coding
12.Analyzing Quantitative data (commonly used statistical procedures) -
ANSWER -descriptive statistics = describes a set of data; -inferential =
, tests of significance between two or more means, allows generalization,
significance level p. <.05 or .01
13.Types of descriptive statistics (measures of) - ANSWER frequencies;
central tendency; variability; relative position; relationship
14.Types of inferential statistics - ANSWER t-tests; ChiSquare; Anova
15.t-tests - ANSWER statistical measure: test means of 2 independent
samples, significantly different?
16.ChiSquare - ANSWER statistical measure: used for nominal scales
(male/female), compares proportions actually observed to the proportions
expected to see if they are significantly different, ie flipping a coin 50x
17.Anova - ANSWER statistical measure: 2 or more means statistically
different?
18.Errors - ANSWER Null; Type I; Type II
19.Null Hypothesis - ANSWER no difference between variables, any
difference will be due to chance
Comprehensive Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100%
Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update!!
1. Measurement instruments - ANSWER *reliability - degree to which a
test consistently measures whatever it is measuring; *validity - degree to
which a test measures what it is intended to measure; *validity assumes
reliability
2. Factors that threaten validity of measurement instruments - ANSWER
*unclear test directions; *ambiguous test items; *complex vocabulary &
sentence structure; *subjective scoring; *items on test not covered in
instruction; *inconsistent testing procedures; *cheating (see pg 158)
3. How to determine reliability? - ANSWER *stability (test - re-test);
*equivalence (2 similar tests); *Internal Consistency (requires only 1 test
administration) split half, Kuder Richardson, Chronibachs Alpha) ; see
chapter 6
4. Types of Measurement Instruments (see Ch. 6) - ANSWER Achievement
tests; aptitude tests; Affective tests; Projective tests
,5. Dependent variable - ANSWER the effect or outcome
6. Independent variable - ANSWER the cause or treatment
7. Measurement Scales - ANSWER variables - a placeholder that can
assume any one of a range of values
8. Variables - ANSWER nominal - named categories i.e. male/female;
ordinal - ranks form high to low, i.e. class rank; interval - scores on
achievement tests i.e. 90% and 100%; ratio - has true zero point i.e. height,
weight, time, distance, *(pp145-146)
9. Attitude scales commonly used in education - ANSWER *likert - strongly
agree to strongly disagree; *semantic differential - select a position on a
continuum i.e. Better to worse; *Rating scales - various forms i.e. select the
statement that best describes you
10.Data analysis (ch. 18) - ANSWER categorical analysis for qualitative data;
statistical methods for quantitative data
11.Analyzing Qualitative Data - ANSWER -reading/memoing; -classifying; -
identifying themes & patterns; -coding
12.Analyzing Quantitative data (commonly used statistical procedures) -
ANSWER -descriptive statistics = describes a set of data; -inferential =
, tests of significance between two or more means, allows generalization,
significance level p. <.05 or .01
13.Types of descriptive statistics (measures of) - ANSWER frequencies;
central tendency; variability; relative position; relationship
14.Types of inferential statistics - ANSWER t-tests; ChiSquare; Anova
15.t-tests - ANSWER statistical measure: test means of 2 independent
samples, significantly different?
16.ChiSquare - ANSWER statistical measure: used for nominal scales
(male/female), compares proportions actually observed to the proportions
expected to see if they are significantly different, ie flipping a coin 50x
17.Anova - ANSWER statistical measure: 2 or more means statistically
different?
18.Errors - ANSWER Null; Type I; Type II
19.Null Hypothesis - ANSWER no difference between variables, any
difference will be due to chance
