BIOLOGY 100 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? - ✔✔23
✔✔What are the products of meiosis? How are they different than the products of
mitosis? - ✔✔meosis produces 4 unique haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces
2 identical diploid daughter cells.
✔✔What steps in meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? - ✔✔crossing over, random
chromatid assortment, and fertilization
✔✔What is an autosome? - ✔✔any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (in
humans, our first 22 chromosomes are autosomes)
✔✔A human egg contains how many and what kind of chromosomes? - ✔✔23
chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex (x) chromosome)
✔✔An X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father makes
what? - ✔✔a male
✔✔What is the phenotype of an organism? - ✔✔the visible characteristics determined
by the genotype
✔✔What is an example of incomplete dominance? - ✔✔red and white flowers mixing to
make pink ones
✔✔What is an example of a heterozygous genotype? - ✔✔Hh (one dominant and one
recessive allele)
✔✔Which type of dominance is most likely to display a bell curve of phenotypes? -
✔✔polygenic inheritance
(example: height, weight, etc)
✔✔Who is a "carrier" of X-liked disorders, such as hemophilia and color blindness? -
✔✔a heterozygous female who is normal but carries one nonfunctioning allele?
✔✔Why do X-linked conditions appear more frequently in males than females? -
✔✔women have two x chromosomes, so one can cancel out the faulty gene, whereas
males have only one x chromosome.
, ✔✔What is sickle-cell anemia? - ✔✔a severe hereditary form of anemia in which a
mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low
oxygen levels. It is most common among those of African descent.
✔✔What is hemophilia? - ✔✔a medical condition in which blood cannot sufficiently clot
and slight injuries cause severe bleeding.
✔✔What disease is commonly caused by aneuploidy? - ✔✔Down Syndrome
✔✔What helped determine the DNA was a double-helix structure? - ✔✔X-ray diffraction
✔✔What units are bonded together to make a strand of DNA? - ✔✔Bases: A,T, G, C
✔✔How many different types of bases are there in DNA? - ✔✔4
✔✔Be able to replicate a sequence of bases of DNA. - ✔✔A bonds to T and G bonds to
C. (In MRNA, T changes to U)
✔✔What is the definition of a mutation? - ✔✔A change in the structure of a gene
caused by the change of a single base (when it isn't corrected)
✔✔How many different types of amino acids are there? - ✔✔20
✔✔What is the most critical feature in a protein that determines its function? - ✔✔Shape
(bends)
✔✔What are monomers of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
✔✔What is a codon? - ✔✔A sequence of three nucleotides that form a genetic code in
DNA or RNA.
✔✔Be able to make a strand of mRNA from a sequence of DNA. - ✔✔A to U, G to C
✔✔What is the first amino acid of a new polypeptide chain? - ✔✔Met
✔✔What two taxons are used to represent the organism? - ✔✔Genus and species
✔✔How do you properly write the genus and species of an organism? - ✔✔First letter
capitalized in genus, all the rest lower case, all italics
✔✔What is the correct order for taxons of life? - ✔✔Life, domain, kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, species
✔✔What is Taxonomy? - ✔✔The branch of science concerned with classification
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? - ✔✔23
✔✔What are the products of meiosis? How are they different than the products of
mitosis? - ✔✔meosis produces 4 unique haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces
2 identical diploid daughter cells.
✔✔What steps in meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? - ✔✔crossing over, random
chromatid assortment, and fertilization
✔✔What is an autosome? - ✔✔any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (in
humans, our first 22 chromosomes are autosomes)
✔✔A human egg contains how many and what kind of chromosomes? - ✔✔23
chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex (x) chromosome)
✔✔An X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father makes
what? - ✔✔a male
✔✔What is the phenotype of an organism? - ✔✔the visible characteristics determined
by the genotype
✔✔What is an example of incomplete dominance? - ✔✔red and white flowers mixing to
make pink ones
✔✔What is an example of a heterozygous genotype? - ✔✔Hh (one dominant and one
recessive allele)
✔✔Which type of dominance is most likely to display a bell curve of phenotypes? -
✔✔polygenic inheritance
(example: height, weight, etc)
✔✔Who is a "carrier" of X-liked disorders, such as hemophilia and color blindness? -
✔✔a heterozygous female who is normal but carries one nonfunctioning allele?
✔✔Why do X-linked conditions appear more frequently in males than females? -
✔✔women have two x chromosomes, so one can cancel out the faulty gene, whereas
males have only one x chromosome.
, ✔✔What is sickle-cell anemia? - ✔✔a severe hereditary form of anemia in which a
mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low
oxygen levels. It is most common among those of African descent.
✔✔What is hemophilia? - ✔✔a medical condition in which blood cannot sufficiently clot
and slight injuries cause severe bleeding.
✔✔What disease is commonly caused by aneuploidy? - ✔✔Down Syndrome
✔✔What helped determine the DNA was a double-helix structure? - ✔✔X-ray diffraction
✔✔What units are bonded together to make a strand of DNA? - ✔✔Bases: A,T, G, C
✔✔How many different types of bases are there in DNA? - ✔✔4
✔✔Be able to replicate a sequence of bases of DNA. - ✔✔A bonds to T and G bonds to
C. (In MRNA, T changes to U)
✔✔What is the definition of a mutation? - ✔✔A change in the structure of a gene
caused by the change of a single base (when it isn't corrected)
✔✔How many different types of amino acids are there? - ✔✔20
✔✔What is the most critical feature in a protein that determines its function? - ✔✔Shape
(bends)
✔✔What are monomers of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
✔✔What is a codon? - ✔✔A sequence of three nucleotides that form a genetic code in
DNA or RNA.
✔✔Be able to make a strand of mRNA from a sequence of DNA. - ✔✔A to U, G to C
✔✔What is the first amino acid of a new polypeptide chain? - ✔✔Met
✔✔What two taxons are used to represent the organism? - ✔✔Genus and species
✔✔How do you properly write the genus and species of an organism? - ✔✔First letter
capitalized in genus, all the rest lower case, all italics
✔✔What is the correct order for taxons of life? - ✔✔Life, domain, kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, species
✔✔What is Taxonomy? - ✔✔The branch of science concerned with classification
