BIOL 316 Exam 3 Questions With Correct Answers

BIOL 316 Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers

Two |major |regions |of |the |kidney |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cortex |and |medulla



Two |major |classes |of |nephrons |in |the |kidney |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cortical |and |
Juxtamedullary



Cortical |nephrons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-primarily |in |the |cortex |and |their |intermediate |
segments |extend |into |the |outer |medulla. |Sits |primarily |in |cortex.



Juxtamedullary |nephrons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-have |loops |of |Henle |extend |into |the |inner |
medulla. |Critical |for |setting |up |osmotic |gradient |in |the |medulla. |Extends |down |into |the |
medulla |and |makes |up |loop |of |henle



5 |major |regions |of |the |nephron |that |are |evolutionarily |conserved |and |indicate |if |water |and/or |
salt |is |can |across |the |membrane |at |those |regions. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Glomerulus

2. |Proximal |convoluted |Tubule |(PCT)

3. |Loop |of |Henle/ |intermediate |Tubule

4. |Distal |Convoluted |Tubule |(DT)

5. |Collecting |Duct



Glomerulus |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Permeable |to |salts |and |water; |not |hormone |controlled



Proximal |Convoluted |Tubule(PCT) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Permeable |to |salts |and |water; |not |
hormone |controlled

,Loop |of |Henle/Intermediate |Tubule |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Permeable |to |salts |and |water; |not
|hormone |controlled




Distal |Convoluted |Tubule |(DT) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Permeable |to |salts |and |water; |not |
hormone |controlled



Collecting |Duct |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Permeable |to |salts |and |water; |hormone |controlled



Four |major |processes |performed |by |the |nephron |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Filtration

| Secretion

| Reabsorption

| Excretion



What |process |does |the |nephron |use |to |establish |the |osmotic |gradient |in |the |kidney? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Counter |Current |Multiplication



List |solutes |used |to |establish |osmotic |gradient |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Salt |and |urea



List |the |part |of |the |nephron |that |is |responsible |for |creating |the |osmotic |gradient |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Loop |of |Henle



Describe |how |the |osmotic |gradient |in |the |kidney |is |created |by |the |nephron. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-The |ASCENDING |limb, |which |is |IMPERMEABLE |to |water, |pumps |OUT |salt |into |the
|interstitial |space |between |the |limbs |




while |the |DESCENDING |limb |passively |allows |water |to |diffuse, |also |known |as |osmosis.

, This |process |is |repeated, |slowly |INCREASING |the |gradient |and |osmotic |pressure |until |the |
desired |gradient |is |established.



Describe |if |these |differ |across |mesic, |xeric |and |aquatic |habitats |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Mesic
|organisms |are |going |to |have |an |intermediate |thickness |of |their |medulla |because |they |have |


regular |access |to |water |to |replace |what |is |lost |through |excretion.



Xeric |organisms |are |going |to |have |a |thick |medulla |because |they |have |limited |access |to |water |
and |will |need |to |concentrate |their |urine |to |conserve |water.



Describe |the |relationship |between |medullary |thickness |and |urine |concentrating |ability |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Medullary |thickness |increases |from |aquatic |to |arid |environments. |



Positive |relationship |between |relative |medullary |thickness |and |maximum |concentrating |ability.



Loops |of |Henle |accounts |for |much |of |this |relationship. |



Aquatic |organisms |are |not |going |to |have |a |thick |medulla |because |they |have |no |need |to |
concentrate |their |urine



Blood |Volume |hormone |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Aldosterone



Action |at |target |tissue |for |aldosterone |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Increases |Na+ |reabsorption |
and |K+ |secretion |through |channel |insertion |on |apical |membrane |and |Na/K |ATPase |insertion |
on |the |basolateral |membrane |which |allows |for |greater |fluid |recovery |when |coupled |with |ADH



Osmolarity |hormone |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)