RNSG 1301 – PEDS EX Pharmacology STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026
A |child |is |recovering |from |Kawasaki |disease |(KD). |The |child |should |be |monitored |for |which?
a. |Anemia
b. |Electrocardiograph |(ECG) |changes
c. |Elevated |white |blood |cell |count
d. |Decreased |platelets
b. |Electrocardiograph |(ECG) |changes
The |most |serious |complication |of |KD |is |the |development |of |coronary |artery |aneurysms |and |the
|potential |for |myocardial |infarction |in |children |with |aneurysm |formation. |The |nurse |should |monitor
|any |ECG |changes.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |child |with |Kawasaki |disease |in |the |acute |phase. |What |clinical |manifestations
|should |the |nurse |expect |to |observe? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Osler |nodes
b. |Cervical |lymphadenopathy
c. |Strawberry |tongue
d. |Chorea
e. |Erythematous |palms
f. |Polyarthritis
b. |Cervical |lymphadenopathy
c. |Strawberry |tongue
e. |Erythematous |palms
,Clinical |manifestations |of |Kawasaki |disease |in |the |acute |phase |include |cervical |lymphadenopathy, |a
|strawberry |tongue, |and |erythematous |palms. |Osler |nodes |are |a |clinical |manifestation |of |endocarditis.
|Chorea |and |polyarthritis |are |seen |in |rheumatic |fever.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |an |ACE |inhibitor. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the |adolescent |with
|regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Stay |well |hydrated.
b. |Increase |intake |of |potassium.
c. |Avoid |rapid |position |changes.
d. |Take |the |medication |with |meals.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |a |cough.
a. |Stay |well |hydrated.
c. |Avoid |rapid |position |changes.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |a |cough.
The |adolescent |should |be |instructed |to |stay |well |hydrated |and |avoid |rapid |position |changes |and |that
|side |effects |may |include |a |cough |when |on |ACE |inhibitors. |ACE |inhibitors |do |not |deplete |potassium,
|and |they |should |be |taken |1 |hour |before |meals |to |increase |absorption.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |a |beta-blocker. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the |adolescent |with
|regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |Side |effects |may |include |impotence.
c. |Side |effects |may |include |bradycardia.
d. |Take |the |medication |1 |hour |before |meals.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |peripheral |edema.
a. |Medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |Side |effects |may |include |impotence.
c. |Side |effects |may |include |bradycardia.
,The |adolescent |should |be |instructed |that |the |medication |may |cause |fatigue, |impotence, |and
|bradycardia. |The |medications |should |be |taken |with |meals |and |side |effects |do |not |include |peripheral
|edema.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |a |calcium |channel |blocker. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the
|adolescent |with |regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |The |medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |The |medication |may |increase |heart |rate.
c. |The |medication |may |cause |constipation.
d. |The |medication |may |cause |cold |extremities.
e. |The |medication |may |cause |peripheral |edema.
b. |The |medication |may |increase |heart |rate.
c. |The |medication |may |cause |constipation.
e. |The |medication |may |cause |peripheral |edema.
Calcium |channel |blockers |may |cause |an |increase |in |heart |rate, |constipation, |and |peripheral |edema.
|Beta-blockers |can |cause |fatigue |and |cold |extremities, |but |calcium |channel |blockers |do |not |cause
|these |potential |side |effects.
What |childhood |cancer |may |demonstrate |patterns |of |inheritance |that |suggest |a |familial |basis?
a. |Leukemia
b. |Retinoblastoma
c. |Rhabdomyosarcoma
d. |Osteogenic |sarcoma
b. |Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma |is |an |example |of |a |pediatric |cancer |that |demonstrates |inheritance. |The |absence |of
|the |retinoblastoma |gene |allows |for |abnormal |cell |growth |and |the |development |of |retinoblastoma.
, |Chromosome |abnormalities |are |present |in |many |malignancies. |They |do |not |indicate |a |familial |pattern
|of |inheritance. |The |Philadelphia |chromosome |is |observed |in |almost |all |individuals |with |chronic
|myelogenous |leukemia. |There |is |no |evidence |of |a |familial |pattern |of |inheritance |for
|rhabdomyosarcoma |or |osteogenic |sarcoma |cancers.
What |factor |predisposes |an |infant |to |fluid |imbalances?
a. |Decreased |surface |area
b. |Lower |metabolic |rate
c. |Immature |kidney |functioning
d. |Decreased |daily |exchange |of |extracellular |fluid
c. |Immature |kidney |functioning
The |infant's |kidneys |are |functionally |immature |at |birth |and |are |inefficient |in |excreting |waste |products
|of |metabolism. |Infants |have |a |relatively |high |body |surface |area |(BSA) |compared |with |adults. |This
|allows |a |higher |loss |of |fluid |to |the |environment. |A |higher |metabolic |rate |is |present |as |a |result |of |the
|higher |BSA |in |relation |to |active |metabolic |tissue. |The |higher |metabolic |rate |increases |heat
|production, |which |results |in |greater |insensible |water |loss. |Infants |have |a |greater |exchange |of
|extracellular |fluid, |leaving |them |with |a |reduced |fluid |reserve |in |conditions |of |dehydration.
What |is |the |required |number |of |milliliters |of |fluid |needed |per |day |for |a |14-kg |child?
a. |800
b. |1000
c. |1200
d. |1400
c. |1200
For |the |first |10 |kg |of |body |weight, |a |child |requires |100 |ml/kg. |For |each |additional |kilogram |of |body
|weight, |an |extra |50 |ml |is |needed.
10 |kg |´ |100 |ml/kg/day |= |1000 |ml
AND ANSWERS 2026
A |child |is |recovering |from |Kawasaki |disease |(KD). |The |child |should |be |monitored |for |which?
a. |Anemia
b. |Electrocardiograph |(ECG) |changes
c. |Elevated |white |blood |cell |count
d. |Decreased |platelets
b. |Electrocardiograph |(ECG) |changes
The |most |serious |complication |of |KD |is |the |development |of |coronary |artery |aneurysms |and |the
|potential |for |myocardial |infarction |in |children |with |aneurysm |formation. |The |nurse |should |monitor
|any |ECG |changes.
The |nurse |is |caring |for |a |child |with |Kawasaki |disease |in |the |acute |phase. |What |clinical |manifestations
|should |the |nurse |expect |to |observe? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Osler |nodes
b. |Cervical |lymphadenopathy
c. |Strawberry |tongue
d. |Chorea
e. |Erythematous |palms
f. |Polyarthritis
b. |Cervical |lymphadenopathy
c. |Strawberry |tongue
e. |Erythematous |palms
,Clinical |manifestations |of |Kawasaki |disease |in |the |acute |phase |include |cervical |lymphadenopathy, |a
|strawberry |tongue, |and |erythematous |palms. |Osler |nodes |are |a |clinical |manifestation |of |endocarditis.
|Chorea |and |polyarthritis |are |seen |in |rheumatic |fever.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |an |ACE |inhibitor. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the |adolescent |with
|regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Stay |well |hydrated.
b. |Increase |intake |of |potassium.
c. |Avoid |rapid |position |changes.
d. |Take |the |medication |with |meals.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |a |cough.
a. |Stay |well |hydrated.
c. |Avoid |rapid |position |changes.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |a |cough.
The |adolescent |should |be |instructed |to |stay |well |hydrated |and |avoid |rapid |position |changes |and |that
|side |effects |may |include |a |cough |when |on |ACE |inhibitors. |ACE |inhibitors |do |not |deplete |potassium,
|and |they |should |be |taken |1 |hour |before |meals |to |increase |absorption.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |a |beta-blocker. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the |adolescent |with
|regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |Medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |Side |effects |may |include |impotence.
c. |Side |effects |may |include |bradycardia.
d. |Take |the |medication |1 |hour |before |meals.
e. |Side |effects |may |include |peripheral |edema.
a. |Medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |Side |effects |may |include |impotence.
c. |Side |effects |may |include |bradycardia.
,The |adolescent |should |be |instructed |that |the |medication |may |cause |fatigue, |impotence, |and
|bradycardia. |The |medications |should |be |taken |with |meals |and |side |effects |do |not |include |peripheral
|edema.
An |adolescent |is |being |placed |on |a |calcium |channel |blocker. |What |should |the |nurse |inform |the
|adolescent |with |regard |to |this |medication? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. |The |medication |may |cause |fatigue.
b. |The |medication |may |increase |heart |rate.
c. |The |medication |may |cause |constipation.
d. |The |medication |may |cause |cold |extremities.
e. |The |medication |may |cause |peripheral |edema.
b. |The |medication |may |increase |heart |rate.
c. |The |medication |may |cause |constipation.
e. |The |medication |may |cause |peripheral |edema.
Calcium |channel |blockers |may |cause |an |increase |in |heart |rate, |constipation, |and |peripheral |edema.
|Beta-blockers |can |cause |fatigue |and |cold |extremities, |but |calcium |channel |blockers |do |not |cause
|these |potential |side |effects.
What |childhood |cancer |may |demonstrate |patterns |of |inheritance |that |suggest |a |familial |basis?
a. |Leukemia
b. |Retinoblastoma
c. |Rhabdomyosarcoma
d. |Osteogenic |sarcoma
b. |Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma |is |an |example |of |a |pediatric |cancer |that |demonstrates |inheritance. |The |absence |of
|the |retinoblastoma |gene |allows |for |abnormal |cell |growth |and |the |development |of |retinoblastoma.
, |Chromosome |abnormalities |are |present |in |many |malignancies. |They |do |not |indicate |a |familial |pattern
|of |inheritance. |The |Philadelphia |chromosome |is |observed |in |almost |all |individuals |with |chronic
|myelogenous |leukemia. |There |is |no |evidence |of |a |familial |pattern |of |inheritance |for
|rhabdomyosarcoma |or |osteogenic |sarcoma |cancers.
What |factor |predisposes |an |infant |to |fluid |imbalances?
a. |Decreased |surface |area
b. |Lower |metabolic |rate
c. |Immature |kidney |functioning
d. |Decreased |daily |exchange |of |extracellular |fluid
c. |Immature |kidney |functioning
The |infant's |kidneys |are |functionally |immature |at |birth |and |are |inefficient |in |excreting |waste |products
|of |metabolism. |Infants |have |a |relatively |high |body |surface |area |(BSA) |compared |with |adults. |This
|allows |a |higher |loss |of |fluid |to |the |environment. |A |higher |metabolic |rate |is |present |as |a |result |of |the
|higher |BSA |in |relation |to |active |metabolic |tissue. |The |higher |metabolic |rate |increases |heat
|production, |which |results |in |greater |insensible |water |loss. |Infants |have |a |greater |exchange |of
|extracellular |fluid, |leaving |them |with |a |reduced |fluid |reserve |in |conditions |of |dehydration.
What |is |the |required |number |of |milliliters |of |fluid |needed |per |day |for |a |14-kg |child?
a. |800
b. |1000
c. |1200
d. |1400
c. |1200
For |the |first |10 |kg |of |body |weight, |a |child |requires |100 |ml/kg. |For |each |additional |kilogram |of |body
|weight, |an |extra |50 |ml |is |needed.
10 |kg |´ |100 |ml/kg/day |= |1000 |ml
