CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Item 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Lung Cancer (LDCT)
Stem (physician-level, 2–3 sentences)
A 58-year-old man with a 30–pack-year smoking history
(currently smoking) asks whether he should begin lung-cancer
screening. He has no respiratory symptoms and no significant
,comorbidities. Which criterion most appropriately determines
eligibility for low-dose CT screening per CMDT guidance?
Options
A. Age 55–80 years and ≥30 pack-year smoking history (current
or quit ≤15 years)
B. Age 50–80 years and ≥20 pack-year smoking history (current
or quit ≤15 years)
C. Any current smoker ≥40 years regardless of pack-year history
D. Only patients with hemoptysis or a focal pulmonary
abnormality on chest x-ray
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
CMDT 2026 aligns with contemporary screening guidance that
lowered the age and pack-year threshold to capture higher-risk
individuals: eligibility is age 50–80 with ≥20 pack-year history
and who currently smoke or quit within the prior 15 years. Low-
dose CT is indicated to reduce lung-cancer mortality when
applied to this defined high-risk group; this patient meets those
criteria. Screening outside these parameters reduces benefit
and increases harms from false positives and downstream
invasive testing.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. (1–2 sentences) Older recommendations used age 55 and
≥30 pack-years; CMDT 2026 endorses the lower threshold for
many patients — option A is outdated for most screening
,decisions.
C. (1–2 sentences) Age alone without a sufficient cumulative
smoking exposure yields too many false positives; CMDT
requires a quantified pack-year threshold.
D. (1–2 sentences) Hemoptysis or focal x-ray findings prompt
diagnostic evaluation, not population screening with LDCT.
Teaching point (≤20 words)
LDCT screening: age 50–80 with ≥20 pack-years and current
smoker or quit ≤15 years.
Citation (simplified APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
Item 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Breast Cancer (Mammography)
Stem
A 52-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks when routine screening mammography should start. She is
asymptomatic and has no known breast cancer risk factors.
Which screening schedule aligns best with CMDT 2026
recommendations?
Options
A. Begin annual mammography at age 40 for all women
, B. Begin biennial mammography at age 50; individualize earlier
screening based on risk
C. No screening unless a palpable lump appears
D. Begin mammography at age 55 and repeat every 10 years
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT 2026 reflects guideline consensus favoring routine
biennial screening starting at age 50 for average-risk women,
with individualized decision-making about starting earlier (age
40–49) based on values and risk. Biennial screening balances
detection benefit and harms (false positives, overdiagnosis) in
average-risk women. For this patient without additional risk
factors, biennial mammography beginning at 50 is
recommended.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. (1–2 sentences) Routine annual screening from age 40 for all
women is not the default CMDT recommendation; earlier
initiation is individualized.
C. (1 sentence) Waiting for a palpable lump misses early,
screen-detectable cancers; CMDT supports imaging-based
screening.
D. (1–2 sentences) Screening every 10 years is far too
infrequent and not aligned with CMDT screening intervals.
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Item 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Lung Cancer (LDCT)
Stem (physician-level, 2–3 sentences)
A 58-year-old man with a 30–pack-year smoking history
(currently smoking) asks whether he should begin lung-cancer
screening. He has no respiratory symptoms and no significant
,comorbidities. Which criterion most appropriately determines
eligibility for low-dose CT screening per CMDT guidance?
Options
A. Age 55–80 years and ≥30 pack-year smoking history (current
or quit ≤15 years)
B. Age 50–80 years and ≥20 pack-year smoking history (current
or quit ≤15 years)
C. Any current smoker ≥40 years regardless of pack-year history
D. Only patients with hemoptysis or a focal pulmonary
abnormality on chest x-ray
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (3–4 sentences)
CMDT 2026 aligns with contemporary screening guidance that
lowered the age and pack-year threshold to capture higher-risk
individuals: eligibility is age 50–80 with ≥20 pack-year history
and who currently smoke or quit within the prior 15 years. Low-
dose CT is indicated to reduce lung-cancer mortality when
applied to this defined high-risk group; this patient meets those
criteria. Screening outside these parameters reduces benefit
and increases harms from false positives and downstream
invasive testing.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. (1–2 sentences) Older recommendations used age 55 and
≥30 pack-years; CMDT 2026 endorses the lower threshold for
many patients — option A is outdated for most screening
,decisions.
C. (1–2 sentences) Age alone without a sufficient cumulative
smoking exposure yields too many false positives; CMDT
requires a quantified pack-year threshold.
D. (1–2 sentences) Hemoptysis or focal x-ray findings prompt
diagnostic evaluation, not population screening with LDCT.
Teaching point (≤20 words)
LDCT screening: age 50–80 with ≥20 pack-years and current
smoker or quit ≤15 years.
Citation (simplified APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
Item 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Breast Cancer (Mammography)
Stem
A 52-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks when routine screening mammography should start. She is
asymptomatic and has no known breast cancer risk factors.
Which screening schedule aligns best with CMDT 2026
recommendations?
Options
A. Begin annual mammography at age 40 for all women
, B. Begin biennial mammography at age 50; individualize earlier
screening based on risk
C. No screening unless a palpable lump appears
D. Begin mammography at age 55 and repeat every 10 years
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT 2026 reflects guideline consensus favoring routine
biennial screening starting at age 50 for average-risk women,
with individualized decision-making about starting earlier (age
40–49) based on values and risk. Biennial screening balances
detection benefit and harms (false positives, overdiagnosis) in
average-risk women. For this patient without additional risk
factors, biennial mammography beginning at 50 is
recommended.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. (1–2 sentences) Routine annual screening from age 40 for all
women is not the default CMDT recommendation; earlier
initiation is individualized.
C. (1 sentence) Waiting for a palpable lump misses early,
screen-detectable cancers; CMDT supports imaging-based
screening.
D. (1–2 sentences) Screening every 10 years is far too
infrequent and not aligned with CMDT screening intervals.
