CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Item 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Aspirin for
Primary Prevention
Stem
A 58-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and LDL
120 mg/dL presents for a routine visit. He has no history of
cardiovascular disease, is a non-smoker, and his 10-year ASCVD
risk is estimated at 9%. He asks whether he should start low-
,dose aspirin for prevention. Which is the best
recommendation?
Options
A. Start low-dose aspirin (81 mg daily) because age >55 confers
net benefit.
B. Do not start aspirin routinely; discuss individualized risk and
bleeding risk.
C. Start aspirin only if LDL >130 mg/dL.
D. Start aspirin plus a proton-pump inhibitor for
gastroprotection.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
CMDT advises against routine low-dose aspirin for primary
prevention when ASCVD risk is not high and bleeding risk exists;
decisions should be individualized after shared decision-making.
Evidence indicates modest ASCVD benefit offset by increased
major bleeding in many patients.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Age alone does not mandate aspirin; harm from bleeding
may outweigh modest benefit at intermediate risk.
C. LDL threshold alone is not the indication for aspirin initiation
for primary prevention.
D. Adding PPI does not change the overall risk–benefit calculus
to justify routine aspirin for primary prevention.
,Teaching point
Aspirin for primary prevention requires individualized, shared
decision-making weighing ASCVD vs bleeding risk.
Citation (APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
AccessMedicine
Item 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Colorectal
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 52-year-old woman with no family history of colorectal cancer
presents for preventive care. She asks which screening test you
recommend. She prefers a noninvasive option. How do you
counsel her?
Options
A. No screening needed until age 55 because risk is low.
B. Recommend colonoscopy every 10 years as preferred;
discuss FIT or stool DNA as acceptable alternatives.
C. Recommend flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years only.
D. Recommend CT colonography every 3 years as first-line.
Correct answer
B
, Rationale — Correct (B)
CMDT recommends initiating average-risk colorectal screening
at age 45–50 (CMDT 2026 follows updated guidance to start
earlier); colonoscopy every 10 years is a standard option;
noninvasive annual FIT or multi-target stool DNA at
recommended intervals are acceptable alternatives when
colonoscopy is declined. Shared decision-making about test
choice is appropriate.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Delay to 55 is inconsistent with current guidance to start
earlier for average risk.
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy alone is not the preferred strategy in
many settings.
D. CT colonography may be an option but is not universally first-
line nor recommended every 3 years as standard.
Teaching point
Begin average-risk colorectal screening in mid-adulthood; offer
colonoscopy or validated stool tests.
Citation (APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
AccessMedicine+1
Item 3
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Item 1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Aspirin for
Primary Prevention
Stem
A 58-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and LDL
120 mg/dL presents for a routine visit. He has no history of
cardiovascular disease, is a non-smoker, and his 10-year ASCVD
risk is estimated at 9%. He asks whether he should start low-
,dose aspirin for prevention. Which is the best
recommendation?
Options
A. Start low-dose aspirin (81 mg daily) because age >55 confers
net benefit.
B. Do not start aspirin routinely; discuss individualized risk and
bleeding risk.
C. Start aspirin only if LDL >130 mg/dL.
D. Start aspirin plus a proton-pump inhibitor for
gastroprotection.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
CMDT advises against routine low-dose aspirin for primary
prevention when ASCVD risk is not high and bleeding risk exists;
decisions should be individualized after shared decision-making.
Evidence indicates modest ASCVD benefit offset by increased
major bleeding in many patients.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Age alone does not mandate aspirin; harm from bleeding
may outweigh modest benefit at intermediate risk.
C. LDL threshold alone is not the indication for aspirin initiation
for primary prevention.
D. Adding PPI does not change the overall risk–benefit calculus
to justify routine aspirin for primary prevention.
,Teaching point
Aspirin for primary prevention requires individualized, shared
decision-making weighing ASCVD vs bleeding risk.
Citation (APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
AccessMedicine
Item 2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Colorectal
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 52-year-old woman with no family history of colorectal cancer
presents for preventive care. She asks which screening test you
recommend. She prefers a noninvasive option. How do you
counsel her?
Options
A. No screening needed until age 55 because risk is low.
B. Recommend colonoscopy every 10 years as preferred;
discuss FIT or stool DNA as acceptable alternatives.
C. Recommend flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years only.
D. Recommend CT colonography every 3 years as first-line.
Correct answer
B
, Rationale — Correct (B)
CMDT recommends initiating average-risk colorectal screening
at age 45–50 (CMDT 2026 follows updated guidance to start
earlier); colonoscopy every 10 years is a standard option;
noninvasive annual FIT or multi-target stool DNA at
recommended intervals are acceptable alternatives when
colonoscopy is declined. Shared decision-making about test
choice is appropriate.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Delay to 55 is inconsistent with current guidance to start
earlier for average risk.
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy alone is not the preferred strategy in
many settings.
D. CT colonography may be an option but is not universally first-
line nor recommended every 3 years as standard.
Teaching point
Begin average-risk colorectal screening in mid-adulthood; offer
colonoscopy or validated stool tests.
Citation (APA)
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
AccessMedicine+1
Item 3
