MFT NATIONAL 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Cybernetics Structures - ✔✔Aspects of a system that are relatively static and
enduring. They can be changed.
✔✔Cybernetics System - ✔✔A unit bonded by a set of interrelated elements which
exhibits coherent behaviors.
✔✔Cybernetics Boundaries - ✔✔Contains the properties of:
-Permeability
-Selectivity
-Variability
Open Systems vs. Closed Systems.
✔✔Cybernetics Family Models/Maps - ✔✔Individuals and systems will consciously or
unconsciously use models or maps to manage boundaries and make sense of individual
and shared realities.
✔✔Cybernetics Circular Causality - ✔✔There is no linear causality. Things mutually
affect others.
✔✔Communication Theory Metacommunication - ✔✔Communicating about
communication. Modifies, qualifies or disqualifies a communication.
Often refers to non-verbals that have a profound impact on what is being said.
✔✔Communication Theory Complementary Relationship - ✔✔Based on differences that
fit together.
✔✔Communication Theory Symmetrical Relaionship - ✔✔Based on equality, behavior
of one mirrors that of the other.
✔✔Communication Theory Streptic Communication - ✔✔Sounds (claps, whistles).
✔✔Communication Theory Paralinguistic Communication - ✔✔Includes tone, pace, and
inflection.
✔✔Communication Theory Kinesthetic Communication - ✔✔Refers to body motion.
✔✔Communications Theory - ✔✔Conceptualize symptoms in an individual as a means
to keep the system stuck.
Model of sequential causality which can be understood through chains of behavior.
✔✔Communication Theory Haptic/Symbolic Communication - ✔✔Includes touch.
, ✔✔Communication Theory Analogic Communication - ✔✔Communication that has little
structure, but is rich in content (i.e. drawing).
✔✔Communication Theory Digital Communication - ✔✔Communication that is verbal
and is interpreted based on meeting.
✔✔Communication Theory Proxemics - ✔✔Spatial Relations; Communication that
includes body language, stance, and preferred physical distance.
✔✔Characteristics of a Double Bind - ✔✔1. Communication involves 2 or more people
in an important emotional relationship.
2. Pattern of communication and the relationship is a repeated experiences.
3. Involves a command to not do something with a threat of punishment.
4. An abstract injunction that contradicts above is given, also threat of punishment.
5. 3rd negative injunction both demands a response and prevents escape. Binds
recipient to environment.
6. After time, messages have been communicated enough times that individual is
conditioned to elicit same response.
Says symptoms of schizophrenia resulted from individual receiving contradictory
commands from which there is no escape.
✔✔General Systems Theory - ✔✔The parts of the system are interrelated and the
whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
✔✔Ludwig von Bertalanffy - ✔✔-1940's
-Developed General Systems Theory ~ All parts of system are interrelated and whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.
✔✔Nathan Ackerman - ✔✔Considered the "Father of Family Therapy" and was among
the first to work with the entire family.
-1938-1950
-First to classify family as solitary unit of treatment
-"Tickling the Defense"~ provoking families to open up and say what's on their mind.
✔✔Gregory Bateson - ✔✔Father of Cybernetics.
✔✔Adler - ✔✔-Early 1900's.
-Identified role others and society have on personality development.
-Launched Child Guidance Movement.
✔✔Dreikers - ✔✔-Founded family counseling centers in 1920's.
-Symptoms experienced by young children are not the problem, family tension and
parental issues are the problem.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Cybernetics Structures - ✔✔Aspects of a system that are relatively static and
enduring. They can be changed.
✔✔Cybernetics System - ✔✔A unit bonded by a set of interrelated elements which
exhibits coherent behaviors.
✔✔Cybernetics Boundaries - ✔✔Contains the properties of:
-Permeability
-Selectivity
-Variability
Open Systems vs. Closed Systems.
✔✔Cybernetics Family Models/Maps - ✔✔Individuals and systems will consciously or
unconsciously use models or maps to manage boundaries and make sense of individual
and shared realities.
✔✔Cybernetics Circular Causality - ✔✔There is no linear causality. Things mutually
affect others.
✔✔Communication Theory Metacommunication - ✔✔Communicating about
communication. Modifies, qualifies or disqualifies a communication.
Often refers to non-verbals that have a profound impact on what is being said.
✔✔Communication Theory Complementary Relationship - ✔✔Based on differences that
fit together.
✔✔Communication Theory Symmetrical Relaionship - ✔✔Based on equality, behavior
of one mirrors that of the other.
✔✔Communication Theory Streptic Communication - ✔✔Sounds (claps, whistles).
✔✔Communication Theory Paralinguistic Communication - ✔✔Includes tone, pace, and
inflection.
✔✔Communication Theory Kinesthetic Communication - ✔✔Refers to body motion.
✔✔Communications Theory - ✔✔Conceptualize symptoms in an individual as a means
to keep the system stuck.
Model of sequential causality which can be understood through chains of behavior.
✔✔Communication Theory Haptic/Symbolic Communication - ✔✔Includes touch.
, ✔✔Communication Theory Analogic Communication - ✔✔Communication that has little
structure, but is rich in content (i.e. drawing).
✔✔Communication Theory Digital Communication - ✔✔Communication that is verbal
and is interpreted based on meeting.
✔✔Communication Theory Proxemics - ✔✔Spatial Relations; Communication that
includes body language, stance, and preferred physical distance.
✔✔Characteristics of a Double Bind - ✔✔1. Communication involves 2 or more people
in an important emotional relationship.
2. Pattern of communication and the relationship is a repeated experiences.
3. Involves a command to not do something with a threat of punishment.
4. An abstract injunction that contradicts above is given, also threat of punishment.
5. 3rd negative injunction both demands a response and prevents escape. Binds
recipient to environment.
6. After time, messages have been communicated enough times that individual is
conditioned to elicit same response.
Says symptoms of schizophrenia resulted from individual receiving contradictory
commands from which there is no escape.
✔✔General Systems Theory - ✔✔The parts of the system are interrelated and the
whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
✔✔Ludwig von Bertalanffy - ✔✔-1940's
-Developed General Systems Theory ~ All parts of system are interrelated and whole is
greater than the sum of its parts.
✔✔Nathan Ackerman - ✔✔Considered the "Father of Family Therapy" and was among
the first to work with the entire family.
-1938-1950
-First to classify family as solitary unit of treatment
-"Tickling the Defense"~ provoking families to open up and say what's on their mind.
✔✔Gregory Bateson - ✔✔Father of Cybernetics.
✔✔Adler - ✔✔-Early 1900's.
-Identified role others and society have on personality development.
-Launched Child Guidance Movement.
✔✔Dreikers - ✔✔-Founded family counseling centers in 1920's.
-Symptoms experienced by young children are not the problem, family tension and
parental issues are the problem.
