NUR 1020 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔high pH, high HCO3
✔✔What causes metabolic alkalosis? - ✔✔vomiting, diarrhea, excessive antacids,
hypovolemia, diuretics
✔✔Signs of hypokalemia - ✔✔muscle, weakness/cramps, paresthesia (prickling,
tingling), fatigue
✔✔signs of hyperkalemia - ✔✔MURDER
• Muscle weakness
• Urine, oliguria or anuria
• Respiratory distress
• Decreased cardiac contractility
• EKG changes (Peaked T waves or small P waves)
• Reflexes, hyper or hypo
✔✔signs of hypomagnesemia - ✔✔everything goes up - seizures, arrhythmias,
hyperactive DTRs, respiratory paralysis
✔✔signs of DKA - ✔✔BG >250 mg/dL
Ketones (fruity breath)
Ketones in urine
flushed skin
dry mouth
fatigue
✔✔metabolic acidosis - ✔✔low pH, low HCO3
✔✔BUN test - ✔✔determines how well kidneys are working;
Increases if liver or kidneys are damaged
✔✔Causes of metabolic acidosis - ✔✔hyperkalemia, cancer, DKA, aspirin overdose,
alcoholism, carbon monoxide poisoning
✔✔Electrolytes in ECF - ✔✔cations: sodium, calcium
, anions: chloride, bicarbonate
✔✔respiratory acidosis - ✔✔A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
✔✔respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔A rise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
✔✔respiratory acidosis - ✔✔A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
✔✔PQRST - ✔✔provocative/palliative (what makes it better or worse), quality (describe
the pain - crushing, throbbing), region/radiation (where is it and does it travel), severity
(pain scaling), timing
✔✔electrolytes in ICF - ✔✔cations: potassium and magnesium
anions: phosphate
✔✔paradoxical - ✔✔drug has opposite effect of what is expected
✔✔normal ABG levels - ✔✔pH: 7.35-7.45
PCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
✔✔normal sodium level - ✔✔135-145 mEq/L
✔✔role of sodium - ✔✔controls and regulates volume of body fluids, role in muscle
contraction and transmission of nerve impulses
✔✔Role of Phosphorus - ✔✔Bones & Teeth, muscle contractions, promotes metabolism
✔✔Normal phosphorus levels - ✔✔2.5-4.5 mg/dL
✔✔signs of hypercalcemia - ✔✔bone pain, increased urination, thirst, confusion
✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers - ✔✔block entry of calcium into muscle cells of heart and
arteries; makes it easier for heart to pump and widens vessels
✔✔bronchodilators - ✔✔The "rols" (ex: albuterol); treat SOB, chest tightness, wheezing,
bronchospasm - they relax the
✔✔Regular insultin - ✔✔Also short acting;
O: 30-60 mins
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔high pH, high HCO3
✔✔What causes metabolic alkalosis? - ✔✔vomiting, diarrhea, excessive antacids,
hypovolemia, diuretics
✔✔Signs of hypokalemia - ✔✔muscle, weakness/cramps, paresthesia (prickling,
tingling), fatigue
✔✔signs of hyperkalemia - ✔✔MURDER
• Muscle weakness
• Urine, oliguria or anuria
• Respiratory distress
• Decreased cardiac contractility
• EKG changes (Peaked T waves or small P waves)
• Reflexes, hyper or hypo
✔✔signs of hypomagnesemia - ✔✔everything goes up - seizures, arrhythmias,
hyperactive DTRs, respiratory paralysis
✔✔signs of DKA - ✔✔BG >250 mg/dL
Ketones (fruity breath)
Ketones in urine
flushed skin
dry mouth
fatigue
✔✔metabolic acidosis - ✔✔low pH, low HCO3
✔✔BUN test - ✔✔determines how well kidneys are working;
Increases if liver or kidneys are damaged
✔✔Causes of metabolic acidosis - ✔✔hyperkalemia, cancer, DKA, aspirin overdose,
alcoholism, carbon monoxide poisoning
✔✔Electrolytes in ECF - ✔✔cations: sodium, calcium
, anions: chloride, bicarbonate
✔✔respiratory acidosis - ✔✔A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
✔✔respiratory alkalosis - ✔✔A rise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive
breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
✔✔respiratory acidosis - ✔✔A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little
breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
✔✔PQRST - ✔✔provocative/palliative (what makes it better or worse), quality (describe
the pain - crushing, throbbing), region/radiation (where is it and does it travel), severity
(pain scaling), timing
✔✔electrolytes in ICF - ✔✔cations: potassium and magnesium
anions: phosphate
✔✔paradoxical - ✔✔drug has opposite effect of what is expected
✔✔normal ABG levels - ✔✔pH: 7.35-7.45
PCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
✔✔normal sodium level - ✔✔135-145 mEq/L
✔✔role of sodium - ✔✔controls and regulates volume of body fluids, role in muscle
contraction and transmission of nerve impulses
✔✔Role of Phosphorus - ✔✔Bones & Teeth, muscle contractions, promotes metabolism
✔✔Normal phosphorus levels - ✔✔2.5-4.5 mg/dL
✔✔signs of hypercalcemia - ✔✔bone pain, increased urination, thirst, confusion
✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers - ✔✔block entry of calcium into muscle cells of heart and
arteries; makes it easier for heart to pump and widens vessels
✔✔bronchodilators - ✔✔The "rols" (ex: albuterol); treat SOB, chest tightness, wheezing,
bronchospasm - they relax the
✔✔Regular insultin - ✔✔Also short acting;
O: 30-60 mins
