BIO 110 Final Exam Wake Tech
Questions with Verified Answers
What is evolution? - ANSWERSEvolution is a change in the allele frequencies of a
population over time
Are all biological entities shaped by evolution? - ANSWERSYes
Describe microevolution - ANSWERS-Adaption
-occurs very fast
-Almost anything that has a short life span could go through this
Describe macroevolution - ANSWERS-Speciation
-Whole species change
-Very slow, takes a long time to develop
What is the major force behind evolution? - ANSWERSNatural selection
What are some core principles of evolution? - ANSWERS-Descent from a common
ancestor with modification
-Natural selection
What is natural selection? - ANSWERSForces in nature that act upon organisms to
cause evolution to occur; the ones that can adapt produce more offspring and survive
-Most important of Darwin's proposals
What are some primary applications of biotechnology? - ANSWERS-Agriculture
-Human health
-Forensic science
Describe reproductive cloning - ANSWERSCreates a clone of the target animal without
altering its DNA in any fashion
Describe recombinant cloning - ANSWERSLike reproductive cloning but genes have
been added to the cloned organism
-manipulating genes to produce new products or organisms, like genetically modified
food
Describe therapeutic cloning - ANSWERSCreation of embryos to harvest stem cells for
medical procedures
What is a transgenic organism? - ANSWERSThese carry genes from other organisms
in their DNA
, How are genes inserted into plasmids and begin functioning? - ANSWERSThrough
restriction enzymes
Describe restriction enzymes - ANSWERS-they are found in most bacteria
-these enzymes recognize segments of the DNA called recognition sequences
-they make cuts across both strands of the DNA at the specific sequences, leaving
uneven strand ends
-the cuts inactivate the virus DNA and neutralizes the virus's ability to copy itself and kill
the bacteria
How is a gene placed in a plasmid? - ANSWERS-the restriction enzyme that cut out the
gene also cuts into a bacterial plasmid
-both the gene and section in the plasmid share complementary bases at their ends and
fir perfectly together
-the plasmid-now with the gene-is inserted back into a bacterial cell where it can be
expressed and replicated
How is golden rice made? - ANSWERSBy inserting beta-carotene genes into the white
rice genome
What is Bt corn? - ANSWERSCorn engineered to contain spores of the bacterium
Bacillus thuningiensis; kills insect pests but does not harm humans
How is gene therapy used to treat S.C.I.D? - ANSWERS-A normal human gene is
isolated and cloned
-The gene is then inserted into a non-harmful virus(vector)
-The virus is injected into patient
-The viruses infect mutated white blood cells, inserting normal gene and transforming
them into normal white blood cells
Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics? -
ANSWERSLamarck
Who proposed the theory of extinction? - ANSWERSCuvier
What is the name of Charles Darwin's book? - ANSWERSThe Origin of Species
What is a genome? - ANSWERSAn organism's complete set of DNA
What is a chromosome? - ANSWERSOne or more unique pieces of DNA. They vary in
length and can consist of hundreds of millions of base pairs.
-chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes, linear in eukaryotes
How many chromosomes does a human have? - ANSWERS23 pairs(46 in total. One
from mother, and one from father)
Questions with Verified Answers
What is evolution? - ANSWERSEvolution is a change in the allele frequencies of a
population over time
Are all biological entities shaped by evolution? - ANSWERSYes
Describe microevolution - ANSWERS-Adaption
-occurs very fast
-Almost anything that has a short life span could go through this
Describe macroevolution - ANSWERS-Speciation
-Whole species change
-Very slow, takes a long time to develop
What is the major force behind evolution? - ANSWERSNatural selection
What are some core principles of evolution? - ANSWERS-Descent from a common
ancestor with modification
-Natural selection
What is natural selection? - ANSWERSForces in nature that act upon organisms to
cause evolution to occur; the ones that can adapt produce more offspring and survive
-Most important of Darwin's proposals
What are some primary applications of biotechnology? - ANSWERS-Agriculture
-Human health
-Forensic science
Describe reproductive cloning - ANSWERSCreates a clone of the target animal without
altering its DNA in any fashion
Describe recombinant cloning - ANSWERSLike reproductive cloning but genes have
been added to the cloned organism
-manipulating genes to produce new products or organisms, like genetically modified
food
Describe therapeutic cloning - ANSWERSCreation of embryos to harvest stem cells for
medical procedures
What is a transgenic organism? - ANSWERSThese carry genes from other organisms
in their DNA
, How are genes inserted into plasmids and begin functioning? - ANSWERSThrough
restriction enzymes
Describe restriction enzymes - ANSWERS-they are found in most bacteria
-these enzymes recognize segments of the DNA called recognition sequences
-they make cuts across both strands of the DNA at the specific sequences, leaving
uneven strand ends
-the cuts inactivate the virus DNA and neutralizes the virus's ability to copy itself and kill
the bacteria
How is a gene placed in a plasmid? - ANSWERS-the restriction enzyme that cut out the
gene also cuts into a bacterial plasmid
-both the gene and section in the plasmid share complementary bases at their ends and
fir perfectly together
-the plasmid-now with the gene-is inserted back into a bacterial cell where it can be
expressed and replicated
How is golden rice made? - ANSWERSBy inserting beta-carotene genes into the white
rice genome
What is Bt corn? - ANSWERSCorn engineered to contain spores of the bacterium
Bacillus thuningiensis; kills insect pests but does not harm humans
How is gene therapy used to treat S.C.I.D? - ANSWERS-A normal human gene is
isolated and cloned
-The gene is then inserted into a non-harmful virus(vector)
-The virus is injected into patient
-The viruses infect mutated white blood cells, inserting normal gene and transforming
them into normal white blood cells
Who proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics? -
ANSWERSLamarck
Who proposed the theory of extinction? - ANSWERSCuvier
What is the name of Charles Darwin's book? - ANSWERSThe Origin of Species
What is a genome? - ANSWERSAn organism's complete set of DNA
What is a chromosome? - ANSWERSOne or more unique pieces of DNA. They vary in
length and can consist of hundreds of millions of base pairs.
-chromosomes are circular in prokaryotes, linear in eukaryotes
How many chromosomes does a human have? - ANSWERS23 pairs(46 in total. One
from mother, and one from father)
