NUR 514 Exam 4 Exam Prep – Study Guide &
Practice Q&A | Latest Update 2026 | Graded
A+
Leading cause of
Adult blindness
End-stage kidney disease
Nontraumatic lower limb amputations
Major contributing factor
Heart disease
Stroke
Hypertension - correct answerDiabetes Mellitus
The rise in plasma insulin after a meal inhibits ___________________, enhances fat
deposition of adipose tissue, and increases protein synthesis. - correct
answergluconeogenesis
glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol - correct answercounterregulatory
hormones
(hormones increase blood glucose levels by (1) stimulating glucose production and
release by the liver and (2) decreasing the movement of glucose into the cells. The
counterregulatory hormones and insulin usually maintain blood glucose levels within the
normal range by regulating the release of glucose for energy during food intake and
periods of fasting.)
True or false:
Insulin is necessary for glucose transport in
brain, liver, blood cells - correct answerFalse!
two hormones secreted by cells in the Islet of Langerhans region to stabilize blood
sugar levels - correct answerglucagon and insulin
binds to receptors in the liver, stimulating the conversion of stored glycogen into glucose
- correct answerglucagon
First line oral drug for DM type 2
reduces glucose production in the liver, increases insulin sensitivity
,adverse effects: include GI issues (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), anorexia, fatigue,
aggitation - correct answerMetformin
dapagliflozin (Farxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance), canagliflozin (Invokana) - correct
answerSGL-2 Inhibitors
Relatively new med for DM type 2
reabsorbs glucose within the renal proximal tubule, glucose is excreted in the urine
Adverse effects: UTI, DKA, hypoglycemia - correct answerSGL-2 Inhibitors
Oral agent for type 2 DM
piaglitazone, rosiglitazone
increase storage of fatty acids, increasing the body cell's dependence on glucose for
energy, reduces insulin resistance
adverse effects: Weight gain, URI, hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, MI, HF, bone fractures
- correct answerThiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Oral agent for type 2 DM
Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose
slow breakdown of complex carbs into glucose within the small intestine
adverse effects: diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal distension, hypoglycemia - correct
answeralpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Sulfonylureas - correct answerglipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
Meglitinides - correct answerRepaglinide (Prandin)
Nateglinide (Starlix)
most common bacterial infection in women - correct answerUTI
Patients at risk for UTI - correct answerImmunosuppressed
Diabetic
Have kidney problems
Have undergone multiple antibiotic
courses
, Have traveled to developing
countries
inflammation of renal
parenchyma and collecting system - correct answerPyelonephritis
Bacteria normally found in the intestinal tract - correct answerE. coli or Proteus,
Klebsiella, or Enterobacter species
the most common HAI - correct answerCatheter-associated urinary tract infections
(CAUTI)
Factors increasing urinary stasis - correct answerBPH, tumor, neurogenic bladder
Complicated UTI - correct answerObstruction or stones
Catheters
Abnormal GU tract
Diabetes/neurologic disease
Resistance to antibiotics or
immunocompromised
Pregnancy-induced changes
Recurrent infection
Turns urine reddish/orange
Urinary analgesic - correct answerPhenazopyridine
Which findings in the older client are associated
with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Select all that
apply.
A.Fever
B.Urgency
C.Confusion
D.Incontinence
E.Slight rise in temperature - correct answerC.Confusion
D.Incontinence
E.Slight rise in temperature
Nursing dx for UTI - correct answerImpaired urinary elimination
Practice Q&A | Latest Update 2026 | Graded
A+
Leading cause of
Adult blindness
End-stage kidney disease
Nontraumatic lower limb amputations
Major contributing factor
Heart disease
Stroke
Hypertension - correct answerDiabetes Mellitus
The rise in plasma insulin after a meal inhibits ___________________, enhances fat
deposition of adipose tissue, and increases protein synthesis. - correct
answergluconeogenesis
glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol - correct answercounterregulatory
hormones
(hormones increase blood glucose levels by (1) stimulating glucose production and
release by the liver and (2) decreasing the movement of glucose into the cells. The
counterregulatory hormones and insulin usually maintain blood glucose levels within the
normal range by regulating the release of glucose for energy during food intake and
periods of fasting.)
True or false:
Insulin is necessary for glucose transport in
brain, liver, blood cells - correct answerFalse!
two hormones secreted by cells in the Islet of Langerhans region to stabilize blood
sugar levels - correct answerglucagon and insulin
binds to receptors in the liver, stimulating the conversion of stored glycogen into glucose
- correct answerglucagon
First line oral drug for DM type 2
reduces glucose production in the liver, increases insulin sensitivity
,adverse effects: include GI issues (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), anorexia, fatigue,
aggitation - correct answerMetformin
dapagliflozin (Farxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance), canagliflozin (Invokana) - correct
answerSGL-2 Inhibitors
Relatively new med for DM type 2
reabsorbs glucose within the renal proximal tubule, glucose is excreted in the urine
Adverse effects: UTI, DKA, hypoglycemia - correct answerSGL-2 Inhibitors
Oral agent for type 2 DM
piaglitazone, rosiglitazone
increase storage of fatty acids, increasing the body cell's dependence on glucose for
energy, reduces insulin resistance
adverse effects: Weight gain, URI, hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, MI, HF, bone fractures
- correct answerThiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Oral agent for type 2 DM
Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose
slow breakdown of complex carbs into glucose within the small intestine
adverse effects: diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal distension, hypoglycemia - correct
answeralpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Sulfonylureas - correct answerglipizide, glyburide, glimepiride
Meglitinides - correct answerRepaglinide (Prandin)
Nateglinide (Starlix)
most common bacterial infection in women - correct answerUTI
Patients at risk for UTI - correct answerImmunosuppressed
Diabetic
Have kidney problems
Have undergone multiple antibiotic
courses
, Have traveled to developing
countries
inflammation of renal
parenchyma and collecting system - correct answerPyelonephritis
Bacteria normally found in the intestinal tract - correct answerE. coli or Proteus,
Klebsiella, or Enterobacter species
the most common HAI - correct answerCatheter-associated urinary tract infections
(CAUTI)
Factors increasing urinary stasis - correct answerBPH, tumor, neurogenic bladder
Complicated UTI - correct answerObstruction or stones
Catheters
Abnormal GU tract
Diabetes/neurologic disease
Resistance to antibiotics or
immunocompromised
Pregnancy-induced changes
Recurrent infection
Turns urine reddish/orange
Urinary analgesic - correct answerPhenazopyridine
Which findings in the older client are associated
with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Select all that
apply.
A.Fever
B.Urgency
C.Confusion
D.Incontinence
E.Slight rise in temperature - correct answerC.Confusion
D.Incontinence
E.Slight rise in temperature
Nursing dx for UTI - correct answerImpaired urinary elimination
