HESI EXIT EXAM 2022 - MEDICAL SURGICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

HESI EXIT EXAM 2022 - MEDICAL SURGICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS A nurse is caring for a client w diabetes insipidus. Which data warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse? ◦ Serum sodium of 185 ‣ Normal range of sodium is 135-145 • Textbook pg 1148 ◦ “Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of production or secretion of ADH or a decreased renal response to ADH. The decrease in ADH results in fluid and electrolyte imbalances” • A nurse is obtaining the admission history for a client w suspected peptic ulcer disease. Which subjective data reported by the client supports this medical diagnosis? ◦ Upper mid-abdominal pain described as gnawing and burning • Textbook pages 905-911 ◦ “Peptic ulcer disease is a condition characterized by erosion of the GI mucosa from the digestive action of HCL acid and pepsin.” ◦ “In gastric ulcers, the discomfort is generally high in the epigastrium and occurs about 1-2 hrs after meals. The pain is described as “burning” or “gaseous” • The nurse assesses a client who is newly diagnosed w hyperthyroidism and observes that the client’s eyeballs are protuberant, causing a wide-eyed appearance and eye discomfort. Based on this finding, which action should the nurse include in this client’s plan of care? ◦ Obtain a prescription for artificial tear drops • Textbook pg 1150 ◦ “A classic finding in Graves’ disease is exophthalmos, a protrusion of the eyeballs from the orbits that is usually bilateral…The increased pressure forces the eyeballs outward. The upper lids are usually retracted and elevated, with the sclera visible above the iris. When the eyelids do not close completely, the exposed corneal surfaces become dry and irritated.” • To reduce the risk for pulmonary complication for a client w Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis, which interventions should the nurse implement? ◦ Perform chest physiotherapy ◦ Teach the client breathing exercises