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Summary Chapter 8 - Marxism

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Summary study book The Globalization of World Politics of John Baylis, Smith, Steve - ISBN: 9780198739852, Edition: 1, Year of publication: december 2 (marxism ideology)

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  • August 28, 2017
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Political Science 144
Chapter 8: Marxist Theories of International Relations

- Critical approach to analyse the world and change it
- Emancipate people, the oppressed
- Understanding of the world with some activism

Why Marxism?
- End of cold war  communism collapsed 1989 (still exists in Cuba, North Korea
etc.),didn’t constitute a threat to the hegemony of global capitalist system anymore
- Would think cold war proved Marxist ideas wrong  showed superiority of capitalist
approach
- Answer: divorce Marxism from the communism seen in Soviet Union
- Analytical edge/potential  body of criticism aimed at capitalism thus very useful (2008
financial crisis  frozen credit)
- Continue to see problems of economic exploitation, inequality
- Still useful as critical tool
- Structural approach  not focused on individual, depends on position in system of
production
- Marxist theories are discomfiting  argue that effects of global capitalism ensure that
the powerful and wealth continue to prosper at expense of powerless and poor

Key elements:
1. Class  not in terms of income, but pay attention to where you stand in system of
production (employer vs employee)
- Most basic conflict Marxism identifies (between employers and employees)
- As business owner want to pay less wage, as employee want to make high wage (due to
competition, capitalism  structural about where you stand, not about individual)
- See class conflict as present in all capitalist societies
- Classes compete for distribution from state (actor)  set against each other and conflict
plays out with who gets control etc.
- Marxist goal: have a society where wage labour and private property are abolished and
social relations are transformed

2. Historical change ultimately the result of economic development
- Driven by the way economies change
- Feudal system, capitalist etc.
- The way society change is a result of how economic systems change
- Tension between the means of production and relations of production
- Emancipation is the goal  critical theory

3. Holistic approach
- Economics, politics and culture – don’t privilege one thing
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