NASM STUDY COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023

NASM STUDY COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 Subjective Information Information that is gathered from a prospective client to give the health and fitness professional feedback regarding personal history such as occupation, lifestyle and medical background. Program Design A purposeful system or plan put together to help an individual achieve a specific goal. Biomechanics A study that uses principals of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body. Dietary Supplement A substance that completes or makes an addition to daily dietary intake. Proprioceptively enriched environment An unstable (but controlled) environment where exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms Reactive Training Exercises that use quick, powerful movements involving an eccentric contraction immediately followed by an explosive concentric contraction. Obesity Fastest growing health problem in the US The Nervous System It is a conglomeration of billions of cells forming nerves that are specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body nervous system, skeletal system and muscular system kinetic chain Heart Muscular pump that rhythmically contracts to push blood throughout the body Dynamic Joint Stabilization The ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement. Speed The ability to move the body in one intended direction as fast as possible. The Core The lumbo-pelvic -hip complex and the thoracic and cervical spine, where the body's center of gravity is located Flexibility The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow the full range of motion of a joint. Nutrition The sum of the processes by which an animal or plant takes in and uses food substances. Blood Acts as a medium to deliver and collect essential products to and from the tissues of the body. Protein Amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Diabetes Chronic metabolic disorder, in which the body's ability to produce insulin or to utilize glucose is altered Rate of force production How quickly a muscle can generate force Superior Positioned above a point of reference. Dynamic Range of Motion The combination of flexibility and the nervous system's ability to control this range efficiently. General Adaptation Syndrome The kinetic chain's ability to adapt to stresses placed on it. Multisensory Condition Training environment that provides heightened stimulation to proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors. Cardiorespiratory system A system comprised of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Rate of Force Production Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time. Acute Variables Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed. Inferior Positioned below a point of reference. sensory function The ability to sense changes in either external or internal environments Neromuscular efficiency The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically and control the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) The average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group. Controlled Instability Training environment that is unstable as can safely be controlled by an individual. Blood Vessel A hollow tube that allows blood to be transported to and from the heart General Warm-Up A low intensity exercise consisting of movements that do not necessarily relate to the more intense exercise that is to follow. Hypertension blood pressure of 140/90 or higher integrative function The ability to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces appropriate response Repetition (Rep) One complete movement of a single exercise. Distal Positioned farthest from the center of the body. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) The average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals who are in a particular life stage and gender group. Extensibility The capability to be elongated or stretched. Adequate Intake (AI) A recommended average daily nutrient intake level, based on observed approximations or estimates of nutrient intake that are assumed to be adequate for a group of healthy people. This measure is used when an RDA cannot be determined. Deconditioned A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and/or a lack of core and joint stability Specific Warm-Up Low intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow Mediastinum The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest, except the lungs. Motor function Neuromuscular response to sensory information Dynamic Functional Flexibility Multiplanar soft tissue extensibility with optimal neuromuscular efficiency throughout the full range of motion. Anterior (or Ventral) On the front of the body. Alarm Reaction The initial reaction to a stressor. Osteopenia The precursor to osteoporosis. indicated by reduced bone mass. Capillaries The smallest blood vessel that is the location where substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are exchanged between tissues Set A group of consecutive repetitions. Muscle Imbalance Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Osteoporosis Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility. Posterior (or dorsal) On the back of the body. Postural distortion patterns Predictable pattern of muscle imbalances The Central Nervous System Sensory/Afferent neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to Superset Set of two exercises that are performed back to back without any rest time between them Resistance Development The body increases its functional capacity to adapt to the stressor. The Neuron The functional unit of the nervous system Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse health effects increases. Cardiovascular system Comprised of the heart, the blood it pumps, and the blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body Osteoarthritis Degeneration of cartilage in joints Interneurons Transmits information from one neuron to another Medial Positioned near the middle of the body Exhaustion Prolonged stress or stress that is intolerable and will produce this distress to the system. Prime mover The muscle that acts as the main source of motive movement Relative Flexibility The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns Periodization Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages Arthritis Inflammatory condition that mainly affects the joints. Motor/efferent neurons Transmits information from cns to effector sites Lateral Refers to a position relatively farther away from the midline of the body or towards the outside of the body. Repetition Tempo Power: explosive (x/x/x) Strength: Moderate (2/0/2) Stabilization: Slow, emphasizing eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscle groups. (4/2/1) Altered Reciprocal Inhibition The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist. Proprioception The cumulative neural input to the central nervous system from mechanoreceptors that senses position and limb movement Arteries Vessels that transport blood away from the heart