STUDY GUIDE TO CHILD AND ADOLES- CENT PSYCHIATRY A Companion to Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

STUDY GUIDE TO CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY A Companion to Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. STUDY GUIDE TO CHILD AND ADOLES- CENT PSYCHIATRY A Companion to Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hong Shen, M.D. Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California Robert E. Hales, M.D., M.B.A. Joe P. Tupin Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Interim Director, M.I.N.D. Institute University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California Narriman C. Shahrokh Chief Administrative Officer, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California 2 | Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this publication is accurate at the time of publi- cation and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical re- search and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situa- tions may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this publication. 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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-58562-353-2 First Edition Typeset in Revival BT and Adobe's The Mix American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 1000 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA Contents Preface xv Questions C H A P T E R 1 Assessing Infants and Toddlers 1 C H A P T E R 2 Assessing the Preschool-Age Child 2 C H A P T E R 3 Assessing the Elementary School–Age Child 4 C H A P T E R 4 Assessing Adolescents 5 C H A P T E R 5 Classification of Psychiatric Disorders 7 C H A P T E R 6 The Process of Assessment and Diagnosis 9 C H A P T E R 7 Diagnostic Interviews 11 C H A P T E R 8 Rating Scales 13 C H A P T E R 9 Pediatric Evaluation and Laboratory Testing 14 C H A P T E R 1 0 Neurological Examination, Electroencephalography, and Neuroimaging 16 C H A P T E R 1 1 Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing 18 C H A P T E R 1 2 Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) 20 4 | C H A P T E R 1 3 Autism Spectrum Disorders 22 C H A P T E R 1 4 Developmental Disorders of Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills 23 C H A P T E R 1 5 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 25 C H A P T E R 1 6 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder 27 C H A P T E R 1 7 Substance Abuse and Addictions 28 C H A P T E R 1 8 Depression and Dysthymia 30 C H A P T E R 1 9 Bipolar Disorder 32 C H A P T E R 2 0 Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, and Selective Mutism 34 C H A P T E R 2 1 Separation Anxiety Disorder and School Refusal 36 C H A P T E R 2 2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 38 C H A P T E R 2 3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 39 C H A P T E R 2 4 Early-Onset Schizophrenia 41 C H A P T E R 2 5 Obesity 43 C H A P T E R 2 6 Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa 45 C H A P T E R 2 7 Tic Disorders 47 C H A P T E R 2 8 Elimination Disorders 48 C H A P T E R 2 9 Sleep Disorders 49 C H A P T E R 3 0 Evidence-Based Practices 51 C H A P T E R 3 1 Child Abuse and Neglect 52 C H A P T E R 3 2 HIV and AIDS 53 C H A P T E R 3 3 Bereavement and Traumatic Grief 54 C H A P T E R 3 4 Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Issues 56 C H A P T E R 3 5 Youth Suicide 58 C H A P T E R 3 6 Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 60 C H A P T E R 3 7 Aggression and Violence 62 C H A P T E R 3 8 Genetics: Fundamentals Relevant to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 64 C H A P T E R 3 9 Psychiatric Emergencies 66 C H A P T E R 4 0 Family Transitions: Challenges and Resilience 68 C H A P T E R 4 1 Psychiatric Aspects of Chronic Physical Disorders 70 C H A P T E R 4 2 Children of Parents With Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders 72 6 | C H A P T E R 4 3 Legal and Ethical Issues 74 C H A P T E R 4 4 Telepsychiatry 75 C H A P T E R 4 5 Principles of Psychopharmacology 76 C H A P T E R 4 6 Medications Used for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 78 C H A P T E R 4 7 Antidepressants 79 C H A P T E R 4 8 Mood Stabilizers 81 C H A P T E R 4 9 Antipsychotic Medications 83 C H A P T E R 5 0 Alpha-Adrenergics, Beta-Blockers, Benzodiazepines, Buspirone, and Desmopressin 85 C H A P T E R 5 1 Medications Used for Sleep 87 C H A P T E R 5 2 Electroconvulsive Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation 88 C H A P T E R 5 3 Individual Psychotherapy 90 C H A P T E R 5 4 Parent Counseling, Psychoeducation, and Parent Support Groups 91 C H A P T E R 5 5 Behavioral Parent Training 93 C H A P T E R 5 6 Family Therapy 94 C H A P T E R 5 7 Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents 95 C H A P T E R 5 8 Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety Disorders 97 C H A P T E R 5 9 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression 99 C H A P T E R 6 0 Motivational Interviewing 101 C H A P T E R 6 1 Systems of Care, Wraparound Services, and Home-Based Services 102 C H A P T E R 6 2 Milieu Treatment: Inpatient, Partial Hospitalization, and Residential Programs 104 C H A P T E R 6 3 School-Based Interventions 106 C H A P T E R 6 4 Collaborating With Primary Care 108 C H A P T E R 6 5 Juvenile Justice 110 Answer Guide C H A P T E R 1 Assessing Infants and Toddlers 111 C H A P T E R 2 Assessing the Preschool-Age Child 114 C H A P T E R 3 Assessing the Elementary School–Age Child 118 C H A P T E R 4 Assessing Adolescents 121 C H A P T E R 5 Classification of Psychiatric Disorders 125 C H A P T E R 6 The Process of Assessment and Diagnosis 128 8 | C H A P T E R 7 Diagnostic Interviews 131 C H A P T E R 8 Rating Scales 134 C H A P T E R 9 Pediatric Evaluation and Laboratory Testing 138 C H A P T E R 1 0 Neurological Examination, Electroencephalography, and Neuroimaging 143 C H A P T E R 1 1 Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing 146 C H A P T E R 1 2 Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) 149 C H A P T E R 1 3 Autism Spectrum Disorders 153 C H A P T E R 1 4 Developmental Disorders of Learning, Communication, and Motor Skills 157 C H A P T E R 1 5 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 160 C H A P T E R 1 6 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder 165 C H A P T E R 1 7 Substance Abuse and Addictions 168 C H A P T E R 1 8 Depression and Dysthymia 171 C H A P T E R 1 9 Bipolar Disorder 175 C H A P T E R 2 0 Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia, and Selective Mutism 178 C H A P T E R 2 1 Separation Anxiety Disorder and School Refusal 183 C H A P T E R 2 2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 187 C H A P T E R 2 3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 190 C H A P T E R 2 4 Early-Onset Schizophrenia 194 C H A P T E R 2 5 Obesity 199 C H A P T E R 2 6 Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa 202 C H A P T E R 2 7 Tic Disorders 205 C H A P T E R 2 8 Elimination Disorders 209 C H A P T E R 2 9 Sleep Disorders 212 C H A P T E R 3 0 Evidence-Based Practices 216 C H A P T E R 3 1 Child Abuse and Neglect 219 C H A P T E R 3 2 HIV and AIDS 222 C H A P T E R 3 3 Bereavement and Traumatic Grief 225 C H A P T E R 3 4 Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Issues 229 C H A P T E R 3 5 Youth Suicide 232 C H A P T E R 3 6 Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 236 10 | C H A P T E R 3 7 Aggression and Violence 239 C H A P T E R 3 8 Genetics: Fundamentals Relevant to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 242 C H A P T E R 3 9 Psychiatric Emergencies 245 C H A P T E R 4 0 Family Transitions: Challenges and Resilience 248 C H A P T E R 4 1 Psychiatric Aspects of Chronic Physical Disorders 251 C H A P T E R 4 2 Children of Parents With Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders 255 C H A P T E R 4 3 Legal and Ethical Issues 258 C H A P T E R 4 4 Telepsychiatry 261 C H A P T E R 4 5 Principles of Psychopharmacology 264 C H A P T E R 4 6 Medications Used for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 267 C H A P T E R 4 7 Antidepressants 271 C H A P T E R 4 8 Mood Stabilizers 274 C H A P T E R 4 9 Antipsychotic Medications 278 C H A P T E R 5 0 Alpha-Adrenergics, Beta-Blockers, Benzodiazepines, Buspirone, and Desmopressin 281 C H A P T E R 5 1 Medications Used for Sleep 284 C H A P T E R 5 2 Electroconvulsive Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Deep Brain Stimulation 287 C H A P T E R 5 3 Individual Psychotherapy 291 C H A P T E R 5 4 Parent Counseling, Psychoeducation, and Parent Support Groups 294 C H A P T E R 5 5 Behavioral Parent Training 297 C H A P T E R 5 6 Family Therapy 300 C H A P T E R 5 7 Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents 304 C H A P T E R 5 8 Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety Disorders 307 C H A P T E R 5 9 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression 312 C H A P T E R 6 0 Motivational Interviewing 315 C H A P T E R 6 1 Systems of Care, Wraparound Services, and Home-Based Services 318 C H A P T E R 6 2 Milieu Treatment: Inpatient, Partial Hospitalization, and Residential Programs 322 C H A P T E R 6 3 School-Based Interventions 326 C H A P T E R 6 4 Collaborating With Primary Care 329 C H A P T E R 6 5 Juvenile Justice 332 12 |