ADC ICRC exam
Process of addiction: stage one - ANSexperimental and social use of occasional frequency
sometimes as a result of curiosity, obtaining social acceptance, and thrill seeking. The
experience is eutrophic and there are little noticeable changes.
process of addiction: stage two - ANSabuse use becomes regular happening without friends
sometimes alone or during the day time. Use may be a result of stress, anxiety, and trying to
maintain eutrophic feeling. Changes in personality, conflict in relationships, lying.
process of addiction: stage three - ANSdependency/addiction daily use and any means
necessary to obtain. result of motivation to avoid pain and escape reality. guilt shame
possible suicidal ideation. Physical deterioration of health. Chance of overdose.
Substance use disorder specifiers - ANSin early remission, in sustained remission, on
maintenance therapy, and in a controlled environment
Five components of effective treatment - ANSassessment, patient-treatment matching,
comprehensive services, relapse prevention, accountability
central nervous system - ANSconsists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system - ANSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the central
nervous system to the rest of the body
somatic nervous system - ANSthe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANSthe part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division
arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
sympathetic nervous system - ANSpart of the autonomic system that controls the
"flight-or-fight" response in organisms.
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSthe division of the autonomic nervous system that
calms the body, conserving its energy
Dopamine - ANSA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and
the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Acetylcholine - ANSA neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers
muscle contraction
,Norepinephrine - ANSA neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and
mood regulation
Serotonin - ANSA neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - ANSNeurotransmitter that reduces activity across the
synaptic cleft and thus inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized
anxiety.
Glycine - ANSan inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spine.
enkephalins and endorphins - ANSpain killing properties extracted from brain and pituitary
gland.
Reuptake - ANSA process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft
by the presynaptic membrane.
medulla oblongata - ANSPart of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions
such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.
Pons - ANSA brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the
brain
Midbrain - ANSA small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information
and relays it upward.
Cerebellum - ANSA large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
Thalamus - ANSthe brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs
messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the
cerebellum and medulla
Subthalamus - ANSInvolved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and
reticular function
Hypothalamus - ANSA neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several
maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine
system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
limbic system - ANSneural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with
emotions and drives
Cerebrum - ANSLargest part of the brain; coordinates thought, reasoning, movement, and
memory, includes the cerebral cortex and the white matter beneath it.
frontal lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement,
abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
, parietal lobe - ANSreceives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
Beer and Light beer - ANSanywhere between 3-6% alcohol
wine and wine coolers - ANScoolers contain 4-9% alcohol. Table wine contains 10-14%
alcohol.
spirits - ANSvodka, whiskey, gin and brandy. Sold 40-50% alcohol content with proof equally
twice the alcohol content.
standard drink - ANS12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, 1.5 oz liquor
alcohol absorption - ANSNo digestion, absorbed by simple diffusion. 20% directly from
empty stomach, 80% absorbed in duodenum and jejunum
alcohol distribution - ANSuniformly throughout tissues and bodily fluids
readily crosses blood brain barrier and placenta barrier (fetal damage)
alcohol elimination - ANSTwo to five percent of all alcohol is eliminated unchanged in urine,
perspiration, and respiration. The remainder must be eliminated through detoxification and
oxidation process by which can only be done by the liver.
Alcohol's effect on the digestive system - ANSgas and indigestion in the short term, longer
exposure can result in ulcers
Alcohol's effect on heart and circulation - ANSsedation of the heart muscles reducing
pumping power, initially diluting the blood vessels creating flush appearance of skin later in
higher doses affecting the body ability to regulate heat.
holiday heart syndrome - ANScardiac arrhythmias occurring after an acute heavy drinking
episode
sludge - ANSan irreversible condition of finer blood vessels clogging or slowing down
circulation as a result of dead red blood cells building up in the vessels when the body is
unable to reabsorb the dead cells at a rate greater than they are produced through natural
processes.
alcohol's effect on the endocrine system - ANShypoglycemia (low blood sugar) as a result of
pancreases releasing increased insulin, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) as a result of liver
over producing glycogen trying to stabilize blood sugar levels, increase urine production by
the kidneys, lowered testosterone for men, lower oxytocin for women
Alcohol's effect on central nervous system - ANSaffecting the brain from the outside to the
deepest
Process of addiction: stage one - ANSexperimental and social use of occasional frequency
sometimes as a result of curiosity, obtaining social acceptance, and thrill seeking. The
experience is eutrophic and there are little noticeable changes.
process of addiction: stage two - ANSabuse use becomes regular happening without friends
sometimes alone or during the day time. Use may be a result of stress, anxiety, and trying to
maintain eutrophic feeling. Changes in personality, conflict in relationships, lying.
process of addiction: stage three - ANSdependency/addiction daily use and any means
necessary to obtain. result of motivation to avoid pain and escape reality. guilt shame
possible suicidal ideation. Physical deterioration of health. Chance of overdose.
Substance use disorder specifiers - ANSin early remission, in sustained remission, on
maintenance therapy, and in a controlled environment
Five components of effective treatment - ANSassessment, patient-treatment matching,
comprehensive services, relapse prevention, accountability
central nervous system - ANSconsists of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system - ANSthe sensory and motor neurons that connect the central
nervous system to the rest of the body
somatic nervous system - ANSthe division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
body's skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous system - ANSthe part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division
arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
sympathetic nervous system - ANSpart of the autonomic system that controls the
"flight-or-fight" response in organisms.
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSthe division of the autonomic nervous system that
calms the body, conserving its energy
Dopamine - ANSA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and
the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Acetylcholine - ANSA neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers
muscle contraction
,Norepinephrine - ANSA neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and
mood regulation
Serotonin - ANSA neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - ANSNeurotransmitter that reduces activity across the
synaptic cleft and thus inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized
anxiety.
Glycine - ANSan inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spine.
enkephalins and endorphins - ANSpain killing properties extracted from brain and pituitary
gland.
Reuptake - ANSA process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft
by the presynaptic membrane.
medulla oblongata - ANSPart of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions
such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.
Pons - ANSA brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the
brain
Midbrain - ANSA small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information
and relays it upward.
Cerebellum - ANSA large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
Thalamus - ANSthe brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs
messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the
cerebellum and medulla
Subthalamus - ANSInvolved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and
reticular function
Hypothalamus - ANSA neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several
maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine
system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
limbic system - ANSneural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with
emotions and drives
Cerebrum - ANSLargest part of the brain; coordinates thought, reasoning, movement, and
memory, includes the cerebral cortex and the white matter beneath it.
frontal lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement,
abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
, parietal lobe - ANSreceives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe - ANSA region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
Beer and Light beer - ANSanywhere between 3-6% alcohol
wine and wine coolers - ANScoolers contain 4-9% alcohol. Table wine contains 10-14%
alcohol.
spirits - ANSvodka, whiskey, gin and brandy. Sold 40-50% alcohol content with proof equally
twice the alcohol content.
standard drink - ANS12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, 1.5 oz liquor
alcohol absorption - ANSNo digestion, absorbed by simple diffusion. 20% directly from
empty stomach, 80% absorbed in duodenum and jejunum
alcohol distribution - ANSuniformly throughout tissues and bodily fluids
readily crosses blood brain barrier and placenta barrier (fetal damage)
alcohol elimination - ANSTwo to five percent of all alcohol is eliminated unchanged in urine,
perspiration, and respiration. The remainder must be eliminated through detoxification and
oxidation process by which can only be done by the liver.
Alcohol's effect on the digestive system - ANSgas and indigestion in the short term, longer
exposure can result in ulcers
Alcohol's effect on heart and circulation - ANSsedation of the heart muscles reducing
pumping power, initially diluting the blood vessels creating flush appearance of skin later in
higher doses affecting the body ability to regulate heat.
holiday heart syndrome - ANScardiac arrhythmias occurring after an acute heavy drinking
episode
sludge - ANSan irreversible condition of finer blood vessels clogging or slowing down
circulation as a result of dead red blood cells building up in the vessels when the body is
unable to reabsorb the dead cells at a rate greater than they are produced through natural
processes.
alcohol's effect on the endocrine system - ANShypoglycemia (low blood sugar) as a result of
pancreases releasing increased insulin, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) as a result of liver
over producing glycogen trying to stabilize blood sugar levels, increase urine production by
the kidneys, lowered testosterone for men, lower oxytocin for women
Alcohol's effect on central nervous system - ANSaffecting the brain from the outside to the
deepest
