Ameliaforster542

Which part of the colon is primarily affected in ulcerative colitis? A) Entire digestive tract B) Sigmoid colon and rectum C) Jejunum and ileum D) Stomach and duodenum Rationale: Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, primarily the sigmoid colon and rectum. Crohn’s disease, in contrast, can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus. Options A, C, and D are more characteristic of Crohn’s or other GI conditions. Which type of inflammation is characteristic of Cr...

What is the primary purpose of a balance sheet? A. To show a company’s revenue over time B. To display cash inflows and outflows C. To present a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific date D. To calculate profit and loss Rationale: The balance sheet shows what a business owns and owes at a specific point in time. The other choices refer to other financial statements. Which business ownership structure offers limited liability while allowing profits to ...

The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) provides what kind of assistance to conservative state legislators across the country? A. Funds their campaigns B. Writes and helps get it passed C. Provides legal defense D. Conducts polls for legislation Rationale: ALEC drafts model legislation and helps legislators pass it; it does not fund campaigns or provide legal defense. Which committee is a permanent committee that covers one particular subject area? A. Joint B. Sel...

What is the primary objective of financial accounting? a) To help employees improve their productivity b) To ensure customer satisfaction c) To provide financial information to external users d) To increase product sales Rationale: Financial accounting is designed to provide financial information to external users such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities. The other options focus on internal or operational objectives rather than financial reporting. Which financi...

Power impulses from the engine are smoothed out by the A. Camshaft B. Crankcase C. Flywheel D. Piston rings Rationale: The flywheel stores rotational energy and smooths out power impulses. Camshafts and pistons do not perform this function. The vibration damper on an auto engine is fastened to the A. Transmission B. Flywheel C. Crankshaft D. Oil pump Rationale: The vibration damper attaches to the crankshaft to absorb torsional vibrations. It is not connecte...

What is the purpose of Gram staining in microbiology? A. To identify viruses B. To measure growth rate C. To differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure D. To sterilize the culture Rationale: Gram staining allows differentiation between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to differences in their cell wall composition. Other options do not relate to the Gram stain’s diagnostic purpose. Which enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen? A. Lip...

A newborn is 12 hours old and has a respiratory rate of 68 breaths/minute, nasal flaring, and grunting. What is the nurse's best action? A. Swaddle the infant and reassess later B. Document as normal newborn transition C. Notify the health-care provider immediately D. Feed the baby to calm them Rationale: Signs of respiratory distress (nasal flaring, grunting, tachypnea) require immediate medical intervention to prevent hypoxia. 13 Which newborn assessment finding should...

A brain-dead donor patient develops excessive urine output, rising sodium levels, and low urine specific gravity. Which complication is most likely? a. Diabetes insipidus (DI) b. Hyperglycemia c. Hypotension d. Infection Rationale: DI is common in brain-dead patients due to pituitary failure, leading to polyuria, hypernatremia, and dilute urine. Hyperglycemia, hypotension, and infection may occur but are less specific. During donor management, which intervention is essential for mai...

Inotropic drugs primarily affect: a. The force of cardiac contraction b. Heart rate c. Conduction velocity d. Blood pressure Rationale: Inotropic drugs modify myocardial contractility. Chronotropic drugs affect heart rate, and dromotropic drugs affect conduction velocity. A positive dromotropic drug example is: a. Phenytoin b. Verapamil c. Epinephrine d. Digoxin Rationale: Positive dromotropic drugs increase conduction velocity. Verapamil is negative dromotropic, ep...

A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? A. Low preload B. High afterload because of back pressure against the left ventricle C. Decreased contractility D. Hypovolemia Rationale: High systemic arterial pressure increases afterload, which is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood. The other options do not directly relate to back pressur...