Manhattan College

Describes the role that egg yolk and shell play in avian development as well as how they are formed. Also details the genetic processes involved in avian development and axis formation. Also describes stages of cell division within the embryo and formation of the notochord.

Details the cellular and genetic process in drosophila development, specifically the role that nuclear aggregation, synchronized division, maternal effect genes, and segment polarity play in development.

Describes the genes involved in sex determination and gametogenesis in flies and humans, and errors that occur in gametogenesis.

Details how epigenetics influences embryonic development and fertilization, the process by which epigenetics affects transcription and gene expression, and the role of cadherin, kinases, and fibroblast growth factor. Also describes several significant genetic processes in embryonic development and gene transcription.

Describes the structure of sperm and egg involved in external fertilization and their life stages. Describes the process in which sperm enters the egg and begins cell division. Includes descriptions of issues and errors that occur with external fertilization including polyspermy and membrane depolarization.

Describes the physical and genetic components of frog fertilization and embryonic stages. Describes rotation and polarity of frog embryo and the polarity of the blastula. Also describes epiboly and intercalation of embryonic germ layers.

Details genetic processes of invertebrate embryonic development. Describes the stages of invertebrate embryonic development and growth. Describes autonomous specification in tunicates and rotational symmetry in embryos, as well as the establishment of anterior-posterior polarity.

Describes the genetic components of mammalian embryonic development, the stages of fertilization, and early division events. Explains the role that Hox genes play in limb development and transcriptional expression.

Details the genetic processes of mammalian fertilization and issues that occur with the implantation of embryos.

These notes detail the physical makeup of sperm and ovum of several species (both vertebrate and invertebrate) and how they interact in fertilization. Also includes the mammalian hormone/egg cycle. Introduction to primordial germ cells and early embryonic development. Explains the science behind "geriatric pregnancies."