Samenvatting artikelen Regions in Development Comprehensive summary of all articles for the exam of Regions in Development.

Gedrag In Organisaties Samenvatting Incl. Hoofdstuk HRM (extra verlichte tentamenstof) Van het boek GIO alle hoofdstukken voor het tentamen (2.3, 3,5-7,9,10,12,13,1,16)

EDT303Q-RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 2019 EXAM PREP 100 TO PASS EDT303Q-EXAM PREP 100 SURE TO PASS, PAST PASS PAPERS, ESSAYS FULL EXAM MEMO

Samenvatting Denken over regio's Overzichtelijke samenvatting van het boek 'Denken over regio's geschreven door Ben de Pater en anderen. De hoofdstukken 1-7 zijn samengevat en is hiermee geschikt voor het eerste tentamen van Theorie en geschiedenis van de sociale geografie.

GY457 Applied Urban and Regional Economics The note is for module GY457 Applied Urban and Regional Economics offered at the London School of Economics and Political Science. It includes a nice and easy-to-read summary of lecture notes and all the compulsory readings (over 100 pieces!!) in bullet points. The module is very demanding and requires a lot of readings to back up your answer in the exam (All questions are essay type questions in the exam). This note saves you a lot of time preparing for the exam which covers all materials in MT and LT. I used this note to get a distinction for the module! Perfect for last-minute revision if you run out of time making your own one or going over the demanding reading list!

EDT303Q RELIGION EDUCATION This assignment consists of two essays, Question 1: How the Constitution informs the National Policy on Religion and Education Question 2: The comparison between the Abrahamic religion, Judaism and the Eastern Religion, Buddhism Marked: 92% Can be used for info on the Constitution and National policy or Religions in order to write essays or study for the exam.

Alle onderzoeken en anamnestische gegevens MSA per regio Dit document bevat alle onderzoeken en enkele anamnestische gegevens van elke lichaamsregio. Dit document kun je gebruiken voor het leren voor de stationstoets / stimulatietoets in jaar 3, maar ook om in de voorbereiding van de toets naast je te houden.

Samenvatting AOP TP jaar 2 Complete samenvatting van Arbeids- en Organisatie Psychologie van TP jaar 2. Deze samenvatting bestaat uit een duidelijke uitleg, begrippenlijst, plaatjes en modellen van de hoofdstukken 1 t/m 10 van het boek Gedrag in Organisaties (12e editie). H1 Inleiding GiO. H2 Diversiteit in Organisaties. H3 Attitude en Werktevredenheid. 4 Persoonlijkheid en Waarden. H5 Besluitvorming en Perceptie. H6 Basisbegrippen van motivatie. H7 Motivatie: toepassing. H8 Stemmingen, emoties en gedrag. H9 Gedrag in groepen. H10 Teams.

Sociology: Chapter 16 Religion. 100% Verified Chapter 16 Religion Multiple Choice 1. A paradox about religion discussed in your text is that: a. Religions that are more demanding of their followers grow faster than less strict religions, but as a religion grows larger, it tends to become less strict. b. Religions that are more demanding grow very slowly, yet their members are more strongly attached to the religion, so it is a more powerful social force. c. Religions that are less demanding grow quickly, but their members are less committed, so they are not a powerful social force. d. Religions that are less demanding grow very slowly, but since their membership changes quite quickly, it seems as if they have many followers. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 583 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 2. Defined broadly, religion is: a. holy and special practices to help individuals become closer to God. b. a set of shared stories, beliefs, and practices about sacred things that guide beliefs and behaviors. c. an individual’s way of making sense of the world. d. the opium of the masses. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 3. The sacred realm is: a. special, reserved, set apart from everyday use, unknowable, and mystical. b. make-believe. c. special and reserved, but incorporated into everyday life. d. mundane. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 4. Objects and behaviors that are profane are: a. part of everyday life. b. objectionable. c. able to inspire awe in people. d. unnatural. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 5. Maria and Steve are on summer vacation in Greece. They want to go into an old church to view the artwork inside, but before they are allowed to enter the church, a volunteer church worker asks them both to cover their bare legs and arms and provides them with coverings. This example illustrates: a. how supernatural beliefs of one group can affect the lives of others. b. how the sacred and profane mix easily. c. how religious believers can be intolerant of the way other people live. d. how places considered sacred are often protected and set apart from what is considered profane. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 585 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religion 6. Sacred things can include books, buildings, days, and places. From a sociological standpoint, the sacredness comes from: a. the item itself. b. the symbolic meaning created from the collective investment of community. c. the meaning God gave to the object. d. holy scriptures. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 7. Theism is ____________; examples of it include ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 8. Ethicalism is ____________; examples of it are ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 9. Animism is ____________; examples of it are ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 10. A ____________ is a group of people who get together for worship. a. denomination b. religion c. church d. congregation DIF: Easy REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 11. Approximately what percentage of people in the world identify themselves as Christian? a. 15% b. 25% c. 33% d. 50% DIF: Moderate REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 12. The second-largest religion in the world and in the United States is: a. Hinduism. b. Protestantism. c. Catholicism. d. Islam. DIF: Easy REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 13. The ____________ population of the United States has grown since the 1960s due to immigration from countries like Indonesia, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, along with countries in the Middle East. a. Hindu b. Muslim c. secular d. fundamentalist DIF: Moderate REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 14. As is the case within Christianity, denominational divisions exist within Islam. The main division is between which two groups? a. Sunnis and Shiites b. Islamists and Islamic fundamentalists c. Muslims and Islamists d. secularists and fundamentalists DIF: Moderate REF: Page 588 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 15. Buddists adhere to certain principles to lead a moral life. This is called: a. animism. b. theism. c. ethicalism. d. pluralism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 16. Christianity would be called a(n) ____________ religion. a. animistic b. ethicalist c. pluralistic d. theistic DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religion 17. All religions began as: a. denominations. b. cults. c. animism. d. civil religions. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 620 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 18. Civil religion is: a. a set of laws that reinforce religious freedoms. b. a set of sacred beliefs that become so commonly accepted by most people that they become part of a national culture. c. the veneration of respected political leaders (such as the founders of a nation) to the status of prophets or saints. d. when laws are believed in so fully that people begin to treat them as if they are sacred. DIF: Easy REF: Page 584 TOP: Factual OBJ: Civil Religion 19. Which of the following is an example of civil religion? a. laws that forbid employers to ask about a job applicant’s religion b. movements to abolish the death penalty c. national holidays such as Washington’s birthday and Martin Luther King Day d. when political leaders end speeches with the phrase “God bless America” DIF: Moderate REF: Page 584 TOP: Applied OBJ: Civil Religion 20. The United States is a pluralist country. The one thing that might hold it together is the idea of a common patriotism. This could be called: a. theism. b. animism. c. a sacred canopy. d. a civil religion. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 584 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Civil Religion 21. Which question is a sociologist of religion most likely to ask? a. “Which religion offers the most access to universal truths?” b. “How are religious beliefs patterned by social forces?” c. “What is the individual’s experience of faith and religion?” d. “Does God exist?” DIF: Difficult REF: Page 585 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sociology of Religion 22. Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a sociologist? a. “Religious beliefs and practices are a method of social organization.” b. “Only monotheistic religions are real religions.” c. “Religion is a powerful mechanism of social control.” d. “Religion can be a conservative force that prevents groups of people from recognizing their oppression and subordination.” DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 23. To understand the role of religion in people’s lives and how individuals value and experience their faiths, which type of sociological approach should we adopt? a. microsociology b. mesosociology c. macrosociology d. all of the above DIF: Moderate REF: Page 603 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sociology of Religion 24. Which of the following is NOT a way that sociologists study religion? a. exploring the ways people use religion to make sense of scientific discoveries b. understanding the purposes religion serves for individuals and societies c. examining why people are attracted to certain religions d. determining which religions possess and profess absolute truths DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 602–604 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 25. Peter Berger stated that religion shapes our social world, but at the same time, it is influenced by our social world. This, he noted, is a: a. contradiction. b. dialectical relationship. c. pluralistic notion. d. civil religion. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 26. Today, sociologists tend to study religion from a ____________ perspective. This allows them to look at everyday human interactions, practices, and beliefs on a small scale. a. microsociology b. macrosociology c. middle-range theory d. neo-Marxist DIF: Difficult REF: Page 602 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 27. Karl Marx referred to religion as the “opium of the masses.” By this, he meant which of the following statements? a. Some people can become hooked on religion like others become addicted to drugs like opium. b. Some people sell religion to others like a commodity or a drug. c. Religion pacifies people with promises of the afterlife; as a result, they are not troubled by social inequalities. d. Religion keeps people pacified with promises of rewards in the afterlife; therefore, they do not challenge the subjugating, exploitative, and alienating social conditions in this life. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 589 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory 28. Evidence to support the conflict perspective of religion comes from all of the following EXCEPT: a. In the caste system in India, people were born into statuses that determined their life chances. This system was thought to be the natural way of the world and ordained by the gods. b. African American churches have been sources of social support, social networking, and political activism, as well as providing congregants with a haven from their marginalized place in society. c. Christianity in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was used as a justification for imperialist expansion into non-Christian counties. d. Evangelical Christian women are less likely to work outside the home, tend to marry earlier, and have more children than nonevangelical women. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 590 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory 29. Scholars have criticized Marx’s notions about religion, specifically its failure to: a. take religion seriously. b. account for the social support function served by religion. c. explain the relationship between religion and the development of capitalism. d. all of the above. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 590 TOP: Factual OBJ: Conflict Theory 30. In what way are the conclusions of Weber and Marx similar? a. To Weber, religion was central to the development of capitalism; to Marx, capitalism would crumble if people stopped believing in God. b. To Weber, religion was a fundamental and permanent part of human societies; to Marx, religion was necessary to maintain stratification. c. To Weber, people in the modern world are trapped in the iron cage; to Marx, people in the modern world are alienated. d. To Weber, the modern world is full of faithful people who are high on religion; to Marx, religion is like a drug. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 592–593 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory | Max Weber on Religion 31. According to Marx, one of the ways a factory owner (capitalist) would control his workers (proletariats) would be through religion. This was done by: a. teaching the workers that they would reap their reward in the afterlife. b. locking them in church unless they were on the assembly line. c. keeping them so busy with church activities they didn’t have time to form a rebellion. d. teaching them that they were unworthy of earthly pleasures. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 589–590 TOP: Applied OBJ: Conflict Theory 32. Weber wondered how ____________ entered the modern world when the premodern worldview was governed by ____________. a. tradition; irrationality b. faith; reason c. capitalism; feudalism d. rationality; tradition DIF: Difficult REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 33. Weber likened the history of society to a train, and ideas to the switchmen of the tracks. What does this mean? a. Ideas can be powerful forces to create change and alter the course of history when they are believed by enough people at the right time. b. Ideas control the actions of people and can stop the progress of society. c. Ideas control the materialistic human urge to hoard wealth, much like a train will speed out of control if not slowed down. d. Ideas control the basic human urge toward individualism by keeping people in the same society moving down the same track together. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 593 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 34. Max Weber wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. In this work he proposed that modern societies were moving from tradition or habit to a. rationality. b. atheism. c. magic. d. Buddhism. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 35. Max Weber visited the United States in 1904. He was greatly influenced by: a. George Washington. b. inner-city life. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. agricultural life. DIF: Easy REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 36. Weber’s idea that Protestantism was the most important driving force behind the spread of capitalism was contested by Daniel Chirot (1985), who said it wasn’t the development of Protestantism that influenced the spread of capitalism, but the major impetus was: a. geography. b. family form. c. belief in magic. d. movement toward equality. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 593 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 37. According to Max Weber, in order to understand what drives social action, we must try to understand what meanings social realities have for others. This is called which of the following? a. symbolic realism b. schadenfreude c. Verstehen d. gestalt DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 590–591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Verstehen 38. According to Weber, which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism? a. Catholicism b. Protestantism c. Hinduism d. Judaism DIF: Easy REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 39. Calvinists believed that their souls were selected for salvation before birth. This is known as: a. rationality. b. self-sacrifice. c. predestination. d. faith. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 592 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 40. The idea that you are preselected by God for salvation is one of the basic tenets behind: a. Judaism. b. Buddhism. c. feudalism. d. Protestantism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 592 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 41. According to Durkheim, religion is created by ____________, and religious expressions represent ____________. a. hardship; delusions b. a higher being; the will of God c. sacred power; individual desires d. social interaction; collective realities DIF: Difficult REF: Page 594 TOP: Factual OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 42. Which of the following statements is NOT one that reflects Durkheim’s thoughts about religion? a. Sacred objects have power and meaning because individuals collectively invest the power and meaning in the symbols. b. Because of tension between different religious groups in pluralistic societies, religion undermines social unity. c. When people conform to the rules of their religion, they are conforming to the moral authority of their society. d. We need to look at the functions that religion serves in order to understand how religion develops. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 594–595 TOP: Applied OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 43. Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates: a. sexism. b. racism. c. solidarity. d. inequality. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 594 TOP: Factual OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 44. Which of the following is an example of how social solidarity and collective conscience function? a. Jake attends school in a racially and ethnically diverse city. It is difficult to find many social norms that all of the students share, but most say they believe in God. b. Zara is a Jewish girl who attends a Catholic school, not for religious reasons but for the quality of the education. Despite this difference, she feels accepted by most of her peers. c. Max attends a church youth group regularly. Because he is active in group-sponsored activities and has been socialized to the norms of this group, he is less likely to spend time with peers who may engage in deviant activities. d. Moira’s religion teaches that it is wrong to have premarital sex, so when she becomes sexually active, she hides it from her friends and family. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 595 TOP: Applied OBJ: Social Solidarity 45. Research has shown that religious attendance and affiliation are inversely correlated with alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. Which of the following is a valid conclusion of this? a. Religion causes people to have positive behavioral outcomes. b. People who are less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs are more drawn to religion. c. Healthy lifestyles are closer to the will of God. d. We cannot determine if religion causes healthy lifestyles or if some other factor predisposes healthy behavior and religion. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 595 TOP: Factual OBJ: Social Solidarity 46. The trend in industrial nations toward a separation between church and state, a belief in rationality and science, and the movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief is known as: a. rationality b. modernity c. blasphemy d. secularism DIF: Moderate REF: Page 588 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 47. Secularization is: a. the process by which a religious group becomes seen as a fringe group that deviates from the main teachings and doctrines of a church. b. the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a separation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family. c. the confinement of religious interests to narrow and specific tenets, rather than an acceptance of all parts of religious doctrine. d. none of the above. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 48. Which of the following is NOT an example of secularization? a. Mark and Tessa seek premarital counseling from a therapist rather than a member of the clergy. b. Crosses are used for decoration and worn as fashion accessories. c. The government announces a number of faith-based initiatives for the provision of social services. d. In France, students are forbidden to wear religious items while at school. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 596 TOP: Applied OBJ: Secularization 49. During the 1960s some social scientists touted the secularization theory. This theory predicted: a. an increase in the number of people calling themselves religious. b. that the influence of religion would be diminished in the coming years. c. the United States moving toward one mono-religion. d. a decrease in people attending services, but an increase in the number of people believing in God. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularizaton 50. Peter Berger wrote, in the 1960s, that the world was becoming more secular. Recently he wrote that: a. he was wrong, and most of the world today is certainly religious. b. rather than becoming more secular, the world is becoming more solidified. c. capitalism is responsible for the lack of religion still found today. d. rather than becoming more secular, most of the world has a new religion called atheism. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 600 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 51. What is pluralism? a. the presence and coexistence of many different groups within one society b. tolerance for other beliefs and making sense of the world, but recognizing that there is only one right way to live c. the reduction of all social processes and structures to a single theoretical explanation d. the tensions that arise when there are multiple religious groups within an increasingly secular society DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 52. In the 1960s, Peter Berger wrote that pluralism would cause a ____________ in which religion would lose its legitimacy, as the ____________ would come apart. The result would be psychological malaise and a loss of meaning to life. a. secularization of society; tenets of faith b. diversity of belief structures; society c. resurgence of faith; tenets of faith d. crisis of credibility; sacred canopy DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 53. Which of the following is NOT a central belief of evangelical Protestants? a. The Bible is without error. b. Salvation comes only through belief in Jesus. c. Conversion is not required to be saved. d. proselytism DIF: Moderate REF: Page 598 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 54. A difference between evangelical Protestants and fundamentalist Christians is that: a. fundamentalists believe that the Bible should be taken literally; evangelicals do not. b. fundamentalists believe that we should engage with the world; evangelicals separate themselves from society. c. fundamentalists separate themselves from the world; evangelicals try to win converts by engaging with the world. d. fundamentalists are conservative Protestants; evangelicals are more liberal. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 598 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religious Pluralism 55. What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation? a. 11% b. 24% c. 65% d. 86% DIF: Moderate REF: Page 597 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Affiliation 56. With regard to people changing their religious affiliation, which of the following is TRUE? a. Nearly all Americans change their religious affiliation more than once during adulthood. b. There is more growth among conservative Protestant denominations; moderate and liberal denominations have lost members. c. Teenagers tend to feel less connected to religion once they have “shopped around” for a denomination. d. Religion shopping is less common among young adults than it is among middle-aged adults. DIF: Easy REF: Page 614 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Affiliation 57. When asked if they attend church services at least once a month, about 60% of Americans say they do. But when daily diaries of people’s activities are examined, rates of church attendance are much lower. This problem of self-reporting of positive behaviors is known within sociology as: a. guilt avoidance. b. social desirability bias. c. embarrassment avoidance. d. normative adherence. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 600 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Attendance 58. For some followers of religion, embodied practices make the religious experience feel more authentic and real. Which of the following is NOT an embodied practice? a. dancing b. breathing c. shaking hands d. beliefs DIF: Moderate REF: Page 603 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religious Experience 59. Some sociologists of religion, such as Kelly Besecke, study how people reconcile scientific knowledge with religious beliefs. Besecke found that American Christians practice “reflexive spirituality.” This means: a. that people automatically believe the central tenets of their religion, even if they are at odds with science. b. that people begin to see the spirit world as involved in making human life possible. c. that people look to religion to provide meaning, wisdom, and profound thought rather than absolute truths about the way the world works. d. that people experience cognitive dissonance when it comes to science and belief. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 603 TOP: Factual OBJ: Reflexive Spirituality 60. Which of the following features was NOT part of the social context of early nineteenth-century America, a time when religious faiths were becoming networks for social change? a. rapid population growth b. new communications infrastructure c. strong national institutions d. market expansion DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 604–605 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion Chapter 16 Religion Multiple Choice 1. A paradox about religion discussed in your text is that: a. Religions that are more demanding of their followers grow faster than less strict religions, but as a religion grows larger, it tends to become less strict. b. Religions that are more demanding grow very slowly, yet their members are more strongly attached to the religion, so it is a more powerful social force. c. Religions that are less demanding grow quickly, but their members are less committed, so they are not a powerful social force. d. Religions that are less demanding grow very slowly, but since their membership changes quite quickly, it seems as if they have many followers. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 583 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 2. Defined broadly, religion is: a. holy and special practices to help individuals become closer to God. b. a set of shared stories, beliefs, and practices about sacred things that guide beliefs and behaviors. c. an individual’s way of making sense of the world. d. the opium of the masses. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 3. The sacred realm is: a. special, reserved, set apart from everyday use, unknowable, and mystical. b. make-believe. c. special and reserved, but incorporated into everyday life. d. mundane. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 4. Objects and behaviors that are profane are: a. part of everyday life. b. objectionable. c. able to inspire awe in people. d. unnatural. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 5. Maria and Steve are on summer vacation in Greece. They want to go into an old church to view the artwork inside, but before they are allowed to enter the church, a volunteer church worker asks them both to cover their bare legs and arms and provides them with coverings. This example illustrates: a. how supernatural beliefs of one group can affect the lives of others. b. how the sacred and profane mix easily. c. how religious believers can be intolerant of the way other people live. d. how places considered sacred are often protected and set apart from what is considered profane. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 585 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religion 6. Sacred things can include books, buildings, days, and places. From a sociological standpoint, the sacredness comes from: a. the item itself. b. the symbolic meaning created from the collective investment of community. c. the meaning God gave to the object. d. holy scriptures. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 7. Theism is ____________; examples of it include ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 8. Ethicalism is ____________; examples of it are ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 9. Animism is ____________; examples of it are ____________. a. the belief in a difference between the sacred and the profane; holy books and holy water b. the belief that spirits are present in the natural world; totemism and shamanism c. the adherence to ethical principles in order to live a moral life; Taoism and Buddhism d. the worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 10. A ____________ is a group of people who get together for worship. a. denomination b. religion c. church d. congregation DIF: Easy REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 11. Approximately what percentage of people in the world identify themselves as Christian? a. 15% b. 25% c. 33% d. 50% DIF: Moderate REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 12. The second-largest religion in the world and in the United States is: a. Hinduism. b. Protestantism. c. Catholicism. d. Islam. DIF: Easy REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 13. The ____________ population of the United States has grown since the 1960s due to immigration from countries like Indonesia, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, along with countries in the Middle East. a. Hindu b. Muslim c. secular d. fundamentalist DIF: Moderate REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 14. As is the case within Christianity, denominational divisions exist within Islam. The main division is between which two groups? a. Sunnis and Shiites b. Islamists and Islamic fundamentalists c. Muslims and Islamists d. secularists and fundamentalists DIF: Moderate REF: Page 588 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 15. Buddists adhere to certain principles to lead a moral life. This is called: a. animism. b. theism. c. ethicalism. d. pluralism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 16. Christianity would be called a(n) ____________ religion. a. animistic b. ethicalist c. pluralistic d. theistic DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religion 17. All religions began as: a. denominations. b. cults. c. animism. d. civil religions. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 620 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 18. Civil religion is: a. a set of laws that reinforce religious freedoms. b. a set of sacred beliefs that become so commonly accepted by most people that they become part of a national culture. c. the veneration of respected political leaders (such as the founders of a nation) to the status of prophets or saints. d. when laws are believed in so fully that people begin to treat them as if they are sacred. DIF: Easy REF: Page 584 TOP: Factual OBJ: Civil Religion 19. Which of the following is an example of civil religion? a. laws that forbid employers to ask about a job applicant’s religion b. movements to abolish the death penalty c. national holidays such as Washington’s birthday and Martin Luther King Day d. when political leaders end speeches with the phrase “God bless America” DIF: Moderate REF: Page 584 TOP: Applied OBJ: Civil Religion 20. The United States is a pluralist country. The one thing that might hold it together is the idea of a common patriotism. This could be called: a. theism. b. animism. c. a sacred canopy. d. a civil religion. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 584 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Civil Religion 21. Which question is a sociologist of religion most likely to ask? a. “Which religion offers the most access to universal truths?” b. “How are religious beliefs patterned by social forces?” c. “What is the individual’s experience of faith and religion?” d. “Does God exist?” DIF: Difficult REF: Page 585 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sociology of Religion 22. Which of the following statements is least likely to be made by a sociologist? a. “Religious beliefs and practices are a method of social organization.” b. “Only monotheistic religions are real religions.” c. “Religion is a powerful mechanism of social control.” d. “Religion can be a conservative force that prevents groups of people from recognizing their oppression and subordination.” DIF: Moderate REF: Page 586 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 23. To understand the role of religion in people’s lives and how individuals value and experience their faiths, which type of sociological approach should we adopt? a. microsociology b. mesosociology c. macrosociology d. all of the above DIF: Moderate REF: Page 603 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sociology of Religion 24. Which of the following is NOT a way that sociologists study religion? a. exploring the ways people use religion to make sense of scientific discoveries b. understanding the purposes religion serves for individuals and societies c. examining why people are attracted to certain religions d. determining which religions possess and profess absolute truths DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 602–604 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 25. Peter Berger stated that religion shapes our social world, but at the same time, it is influenced by our social world. This, he noted, is a: a. contradiction. b. dialectical relationship. c. pluralistic notion. d. civil religion. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 26. Today, sociologists tend to study religion from a ____________ perspective. This allows them to look at everyday human interactions, practices, and beliefs on a small scale. a. microsociology b. macrosociology c. middle-range theory d. neo-Marxist DIF: Difficult REF: Page 602 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sociology of Religion 27. Karl Marx referred to religion as the “opium of the masses.” By this, he meant which of the following statements? a. Some people can become hooked on religion like others become addicted to drugs like opium. b. Some people sell religion to others like a commodity or a drug. c. Religion pacifies people with promises of the afterlife; as a result, they are not troubled by social inequalities. d. Religion keeps people pacified with promises of rewards in the afterlife; therefore, they do not challenge the subjugating, exploitative, and alienating social conditions in this life. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 589 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory 28. Evidence to support the conflict perspective of religion comes from all of the following EXCEPT: a. In the caste system in India, people were born into statuses that determined their life chances. This system was thought to be the natural way of the world and ordained by the gods. b. African American churches have been sources of social support, social networking, and political activism, as well as providing congregants with a haven from their marginalized place in society. c. Christianity in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was used as a justification for imperialist expansion into non-Christian counties. d. Evangelical Christian women are less likely to work outside the home, tend to marry earlier, and have more children than nonevangelical women. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 590 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory 29. Scholars have criticized Marx’s notions about religion, specifically its failure to: a. take religion seriously. b. account for the social support function served by religion. c. explain the relationship between religion and the development of capitalism. d. all of the above. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 590 TOP: Factual OBJ: Conflict Theory 30. In what way are the conclusions of Weber and Marx similar? a. To Weber, religion was central to the development of capitalism; to Marx, capitalism would crumble if people stopped believing in God. b. To Weber, religion was a fundamental and permanent part of human societies; to Marx, religion was necessary to maintain stratification. c. To Weber, people in the modern world are trapped in the iron cage; to Marx, people in the modern world are alienated. d. To Weber, the modern world is full of faithful people who are high on religion; to Marx, religion is like a drug. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 592–593 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Conflict Theory | Max Weber on Religion 31. According to Marx, one of the ways a factory owner (capitalist) would control his workers (proletariats) would be through religion. This was done by: a. teaching the workers that they would reap their reward in the afterlife. b. locking them in church unless they were on the assembly line. c. keeping them so busy with church activities they didn’t have time to form a rebellion. d. teaching them that they were unworthy of earthly pleasures. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 589–590 TOP: Applied OBJ: Conflict Theory 32. Weber wondered how ____________ entered the modern world when the premodern worldview was governed by ____________. a. tradition; irrationality b. faith; reason c. capitalism; feudalism d. rationality; tradition DIF: Difficult REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 33. Weber likened the history of society to a train, and ideas to the switchmen of the tracks. What does this mean? a. Ideas can be powerful forces to create change and alter the course of history when they are believed by enough people at the right time. b. Ideas control the actions of people and can stop the progress of society. c. Ideas control the materialistic human urge to hoard wealth, much like a train will speed out of control if not slowed down. d. Ideas control the basic human urge toward individualism by keeping people in the same society moving down the same track together. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 593 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 34. Max Weber wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. In this work he proposed that modern societies were moving from tradition or habit to a. rationality. b. atheism. c. magic. d. Buddhism. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 35. Max Weber visited the United States in 1904. He was greatly influenced by: a. George Washington. b. inner-city life. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. agricultural life. DIF: Easy REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 36. Weber’s idea that Protestantism was the most important driving force behind the spread of capitalism was contested by Daniel Chirot (1985), who said it wasn’t the development of Protestantism that influenced the spread of capitalism, but the major impetus was: a. geography. b. family form. c. belief in magic. d. movement toward equality. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 593 TOP: Factual OBJ: Max Weber on Religion 37. According to Max Weber, in order to understand what drives social action, we must try to understand what meanings social realities have for others. This is called which of the following? a. symbolic realism b. schadenfreude c. Verstehen d. gestalt DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 590–591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Verstehen 38. According to Weber, which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism? a. Catholicism b. Protestantism c. Hinduism d. Judaism DIF: Easy REF: Page 591 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 39. Calvinists believed that their souls were selected for salvation before birth. This is known as: a. rationality. b. self-sacrifice. c. predestination. d. faith. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 592 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 40. The idea that you are preselected by God for salvation is one of the basic tenets behind: a. Judaism. b. Buddhism. c. feudalism. d. Protestantism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 592 TOP: Factual OBJ: Protestant Ethic 41. According to Durkheim, religion is created by ____________, and religious expressions represent ____________. a. hardship; delusions b. a higher being; the will of God c. sacred power; individual desires d. social interaction; collective realities DIF: Difficult REF: Page 594 TOP: Factual OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 42. Which of the following statements is NOT one that reflects Durkheim’s thoughts about religion? a. Sacred objects have power and meaning because individuals collectively invest the power and meaning in the symbols. b. Because of tension between different religious groups in pluralistic societies, religion undermines social unity. c. When people conform to the rules of their religion, they are conforming to the moral authority of their society. d. We need to look at the functions that religion serves in order to understand how religion develops. DIF: Difficult REF: Pages 594–595 TOP: Applied OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 43. Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates: a. sexism. b. racism. c. solidarity. d. inequality. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 594 TOP: Factual OBJ: Émile Durkheim on Religion 44. Which of the following is an example of how social solidarity and collective conscience function? a. Jake attends school in a racially and ethnically diverse city. It is difficult to find many social norms that all of the students share, but most say they believe in God. b. Zara is a Jewish girl who attends a Catholic school, not for religious reasons but for the quality of the education. Despite this difference, she feels accepted by most of her peers. c. Max attends a church youth group regularly. Because he is active in group-sponsored activities and has been socialized to the norms of this group, he is less likely to spend time with peers who may engage in deviant activities. d. Moira’s religion teaches that it is wrong to have premarital sex, so when she becomes sexually active, she hides it from her friends and family. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 595 TOP: Applied OBJ: Social Solidarity 45. Research has shown that religious attendance and affiliation are inversely correlated with alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. Which of the following is a valid conclusion of this? a. Religion causes people to have positive behavioral outcomes. b. People who are less likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs are more drawn to religion. c. Healthy lifestyles are closer to the will of God. d. We cannot determine if religion causes healthy lifestyles or if some other factor predisposes healthy behavior and religion. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 595 TOP: Factual OBJ: Social Solidarity 46. The trend in industrial nations toward a separation between church and state, a belief in rationality and science, and the movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief is known as: a. rationality b. modernity c. blasphemy d. secularism DIF: Moderate REF: Page 588 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 47. Secularization is: a. the process by which a religious group becomes seen as a fringe group that deviates from the main teachings and doctrines of a church. b. the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a separation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family. c. the confinement of religious interests to narrow and specific tenets, rather than an acceptance of all parts of religious doctrine. d. none of the above. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 48. Which of the following is NOT an example of secularization? a. Mark and Tessa seek premarital counseling from a therapist rather than a member of the clergy. b. Crosses are used for decoration and worn as fashion accessories. c. The government announces a number of faith-based initiatives for the provision of social services. d. In France, students are forbidden to wear religious items while at school. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 596 TOP: Applied OBJ: Secularization 49. During the 1960s some social scientists touted the secularization theory. This theory predicted: a. an increase in the number of people calling themselves religious. b. that the influence of religion would be diminished in the coming years. c. the United States moving toward one mono-religion. d. a decrease in people attending services, but an increase in the number of people believing in God. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularizaton 50. Peter Berger wrote, in the 1960s, that the world was becoming more secular. Recently he wrote that: a. he was wrong, and most of the world today is certainly religious. b. rather than becoming more secular, the world is becoming more solidified. c. capitalism is responsible for the lack of religion still found today. d. rather than becoming more secular, most of the world has a new religion called atheism. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 600 TOP: Factual OBJ: Secularization 51. What is pluralism? a. the presence and coexistence of many different groups within one society b. tolerance for other beliefs and making sense of the world, but recognizing that there is only one right way to live c. the reduction of all social processes and structures to a single theoretical explanation d. the tensions that arise when there are multiple religious groups within an increasingly secular society DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 52. In the 1960s, Peter Berger wrote that pluralism would cause a ____________ in which religion would lose its legitimacy, as the ____________ would come apart. The result would be psychological malaise and a loss of meaning to life. a. secularization of society; tenets of faith b. diversity of belief structures; society c. resurgence of faith; tenets of faith d. crisis of credibility; sacred canopy DIF: Difficult REF: Page 596 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 53. Which of the following is NOT a central belief of evangelical Protestants? a. The Bible is without error. b. Salvation comes only through belief in Jesus. c. Conversion is not required to be saved. d. proselytism DIF: Moderate REF: Page 598 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 54. A difference between evangelical Protestants and fundamentalist Christians is that: a. fundamentalists believe that the Bible should be taken literally; evangelicals do not. b. fundamentalists believe that we should engage with the world; evangelicals separate themselves from society. c. fundamentalists separate themselves from the world; evangelicals try to win converts by engaging with the world. d. fundamentalists are conservative Protestants; evangelicals are more liberal. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 598 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religious Pluralism 55. What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation? a. 11% b. 24% c. 65% d. 86% DIF: Moderate REF: Page 597 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Affiliation 56. With regard to people changing their religious affiliation, which of the following is TRUE? a. Nearly all Americans change their religious affiliation more than once during adulthood. b. There is more growth among conservative Protestant denominations; moderate and liberal denominations have lost members. c. Teenagers tend to feel less connected to religion once they have “shopped around” for a denomination. d. Religion shopping is less common among young adults than it is among middle-aged adults. DIF: Easy REF: Page 614 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Affiliation 57. When asked if they attend church services at least once a month, about 60% of Americans say they do. But when daily diaries of people’s activities are examined, rates of church attendance are much lower. This problem of self-reporting of positive behaviors is known within sociology as: a. guilt avoidance. b. social desirability bias. c. embarrassment avoidance. d. normative adherence. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 600 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Attendance 58. For some followers of religion, embodied practices make the religious experience feel more authentic and real. Which of the following is NOT an embodied practice? a. dancing b. breathing c. shaking hands d. beliefs DIF: Moderate REF: Page 603 TOP: Applied OBJ: Religious Experience 59. Some sociologists of religion, such as Kelly Besecke, study how people reconcile scientific knowledge with religious beliefs. Besecke found that American Christians practice “reflexive spirituality.” This means: a. that people automatically believe the central tenets of their religion, even if they are at odds with science. b. that people begin to see the spirit world as involved in making human life possible. c. that people look to religion to provide meaning, wisdom, and profound thought rather than absolute truths about the way the world works. d. that people experience cognitive dissonance when it comes to science and belief. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 603 TOP: Factual OBJ: Reflexive Spirituality 60. Which of the following features was NOT part of the social context of early nineteenth-century America, a time when religious faiths were becoming networks for social change? a. rapid population growth b. new communications infrastructure c. strong national institutions d. market expansion DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 604–605 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 61. In which two early social movements were religious groups involved? a. voting rights and civil rights b. abolition and temperance c. abortion and abolition d. women’s rights and the right to life DIF: Easy REF: Page 605 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 62. The linking of social movements with religion demonstrates: a. the popularity of religion. b. the recognition of morality only within a religious framework. c. the powerful capacity of religion to shape the social world. d. the lack of efficiency of political action to create social change. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 605 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 63. Which of the following was NOT a social resource of black church communities that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was able to draw upon? a. social networks b. organized church structures c. funding d. armies DIF: Easy REF: Page 606 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 64. Which of the following is a negative social function of religion? a. Religion can be a means of creating political momentum for change. b. Religion can strengthen social cohesion. c. Religion can justify differences between groups in society. d. Religion can be a means of expressing group identify and culture. DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 605–607 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 65. In its level of religiosity, the United States is similar to: a. other wealthy industrialized nations. b. other wealthy democratic nations. c. some poor and low-income developing nations. d. former Communist nations. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 597 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 66. The faith of Americans tends to be more broad than deep. This is evidenced by which of the following results from research? a. People from 65 countries were asked to rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, the importance of God in their lives; 50% of Americans responded with a 10. b. Of those Americans who agree that the Bible is the inspired word of God, only half can name the first book of the Bible. c. 58% of Americans believe in the devil and 77% believe in heaven. d. A little over 26% of Americans are white evangelical Protestants. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 598 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 67. The opening story in Chapter 16 of your text discusses Cecil Bothwell, a man running for council in Asheville, NC. The controversy was that he considered himself a “post-theist.” This is essentially the same as a(n): a. Mormon. b. atheist. c. sectarian. d. octarian. DIF: Easy REF: Pages 584–585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 68. With regard to family and religion, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Catholic parents encourage more independence in their children than do Protestants. b. Religious teenage girls tend to be less sexually active than their peers. c. Conservative Protestants tend to get married earlier in life and have more children than liberal Protestants. d. Protestant parents are more likely than Catholic parents to use corporal punishment. DIF: Easy REF: Page 607 TOP: Factual OBJ: Family 69. With regard to gender and religion, which of the following statement is FALSE? a. Women’s groups exist in a third of all congregations; men’s groups exist in about a quarter. b. Women tend to be more religious than men. c. Women’s organizations in churches have maintained their numbers even as women have entered the workforce in greater numbers since the 1970s. d. Traditional religious beliefs tend to be correlated with traditional gender roles. DIF: Easy REF: Page 609 TOP: Factual OBJ: Gender 70. College faculty members in the ____________ are much more likely to belong to churches and express religious commitment than are faculty in the ____________. a. natural, physical, and engineering sciences; social sciences, law, and humanities b. South; North c. social sciences, law, and humanities; natural, physical, and engineering sciences d. disciplines with more female students; disciplines with more male students DIF: Moderate REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 71. There have been a greater number of ____________ presidents of the United States than any other religion. a. Baptist b. Methodist c. Episcopalian d. Catholic DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 72. One of the most “upper-class” religions is: a. fundamentalism. b. Episcopalianism. c. Buddhism. d. Judaism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 73. As people age they: a. become more secular. b. become less religious. c. become more religious. d. become more cranky. DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Age 74. Protestantism is split into many different ____________, or groups that share the same faith and are governed by the same administration. Examples are Baptists, Lutherans, and Methodists. a. denominations b. congregations c. sects d. churchs DIF: Moderate REF: Page 619 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sect-Church Cycle 75. Which of the following defines a “church”? a. a religious body that has a high degree of tension with civil society b. a religious body that coexists with its surroundings with little tension c. a religious body that offers an alternative to secular engagement d. a religious movement that makes new claims about the supernatural DIF: Easy REF: Page 619 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sect-Church Cycle Completion 1. The ____________ is the unknowable and mystical, inspiring in individuals feelings of awe and wonder. DIF: Easy REF: Page 585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 2. ____________ is the most prevalent religion in the world. hristianity DIF: Easy REF: Page 586 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 3. Followers of liberal Islam try to reconcile ____________ with their ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 588 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 4. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all split among multiple ____________, big groups of ____________ that share the faith and are governed under one administrative umbrella. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 587 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion 5. ____________ is the shared beliefs and ideas, ways of thinking and knowing that we call religion. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 595 TOP: Factual OBJ: Social Solidarity 6. In a ____________ society like the United States, the competition between churches makes the quality of religion better than it would be under a state-controlled religious monopoly. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 614 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 7. Jen’nan Read is a sociologist who writes about Muslims in America. She found that the Muslim women in Amerca who are more likely to wear the veil, or hijab, are ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 599 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Pluralism 8. Weekly church attendance is ____________ in former Communist countries. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 601 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Attendance 9. Today a ____________ percentage of Americans go to church at least once a month than among the Canadians, Spanish, Australians, and British. DIF: Easy REF: Page 600 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religious Attendance 10. ____________ is a contemporary religious movement that encourages looking to religion for meaning and wisdom rather than absolute truths. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 603 TOP: Factual OBJ: Reflexive Spirituality 11. Because women lacked any formal political power, the ____________ movement of the nineteenth century became an acceptable outlet for women to exert influence outside of the home. DIF: Easy REF: Page 605 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 12. Religion shapes social institutions like ____________, as well as shaping the microlevel perceptions and choices, such as ____________. DIF: Easy REF: Pages 607–611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 13. Thirty years ago, voting behavior and ____________ were best predicted by a person’s income. Today, however, ____________ best predict voting and party affiliation. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 612 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 14. The major difference between evangelicals and fundamentalists is ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 598 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 15. Studies have shown that ____________ men make more affectionate husbands than ____________ men. DIF: Easy REF: Pages 607–608 TOP: Factual OBJ: Family 16. McDonald’s sponsors ____________, a national spiritual dance-off competition. DIF: Easy REF: Page 609 TOP: Factual OBJ: Race 17. Women’s organizations in religion have been on the ____________ since women have joined the workforce in larger numbers. ecline DIF: Moderate REF: Page 610 TOP: Factual OBJ: Gender 18. ____________ are still more likely to be overrepresented at the top of the status, social class, and political hierarchy in America. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 19. One out of four U.S. presidents has been a member of the ____________ Church. DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 20. Religion tends to be geographic, meaning that in certain areas of the United States there are certain types of religions. Lutherans tend to live ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 612 TOP: Factual OBJ: Geography and Politics 21. One of the best predictors of voting behavior today is religion. Thirty years ago it was ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 612 TOP: Factual OBJ: Geography and Politics 22. Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism began as __________. DIF: Easy REF: Page 620 TOP: Factual OBJ: Cults 23. The idea that a churchgoer is going to be rewarded in the future through eternal salvation or eternity in heaven is called ____________. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 614 TOP: Factual OBJ: Commercialization of Religion 24. Megachurch ministries model themselves after ____________. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 613 TOP: Factual OBJ: Megachurches 25. The Promise Church in Queens, NY, is home to a mostly Korean American Pentecostal congregation. This church was created to win over young Koreans left in the city after many prosperous Koreans moved out of Queeens, called the ____________ by Koreans. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 616 TOP: Factual OBJ: Megachurches Essay 1. Give an example of how the sacred is separated from the profane. What social functions are served by this separation? 2. Rather than trying to discover the “truth” in religion, sociologists tend to study religion because: 4. What are some criticisms of Karl Marx’s view of religion? 5. Explain how, according to Max Weber, Protestantism was central to the development of modern capitalism. 6. How could Peter Berger’s idea of the sacred canopy explain why religious people tend to live longer and experience fewer symptoms of depression? 7. Contrary to secularization theory, which posited that pluralism would undermine the credibility of faith, why have Americans maintained high levels of religiosity? 8. Religion in the United States has been found to be more broad than deep. Explain. 9. If you were raised in a conservative Protestant family versus a less religious family, your family life would be different in what ways? 10. Why have black churches played a stronger role in the secular lives of their congregations than in white churches? 11. Is religion a strictly integrative force? 12. What is the sect-church cycle? How can this help us understand social change? 13. How is the profane being used to sell the sacred? How is this related to “megachurches”? and Social Movements 61. In which two early social movements were religious groups involved? a. voting rights and civil rights b. abolition and temperance c. abortion and abolition d. women’s rights and the right to life DIF: Easy REF: Page 605 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 62. The linking of social movements with religion demonstrates: a. the popularity of religion. b. the recognition of morality only within a religious framework. c. the powerful capacity of religion to shape the social world. d. the lack of efficiency of political action to create social change. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 605 TOP: Conceptual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 63. Which of the following was NOT a social resource of black church communities that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was able to draw upon? a. social networks b. organized church structures c. funding d. armies DIF: Easy REF: Page 606 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 64. Which of the following is a negative social function of religion? a. Religion can be a means of creating political momentum for change. b. Religion can strengthen social cohesion. c. Religion can justify differences between groups in society. d. Religion can be a means of expressing group identify and culture. DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 605–607 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion and Social Movements 65. In its level of religiosity, the United States is similar to: a. other wealthy industrialized nations. b. other wealthy democratic nations. c. some poor and low-income developing nations. d. former Communist nations. DIF: Moderate REF: Page 597 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 66. The faith of Americans tends to be more broad than deep. This is evidenced by which of the following results from research? a. People from 65 countries were asked to rate, on a scale of 1 to 10, the importance of God in their lives; 50% of Americans responded with a 10. b. Of those Americans who agree that the Bible is the inspired word of God, only half can name the first book of the Bible. c. 58% of Americans believe in the devil and 77% believe in heaven. d. A little over 26% of Americans are white evangelical Protestants. DIF: Difficult REF: Page 598 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 67. The opening story in Chapter 16 of your text discusses Cecil Bothwell, a man running for council in Asheville, NC. The controversy was that he considered himself a “post-theist.” This is essentially the same as a(n): a. Mormon. b. atheist. c. sectarian. d. octarian. DIF: Easy REF: Pages 584–585 TOP: Factual OBJ: Religion in the United States 68. With regard to family and religion, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Catholic parents encourage more independence in their children than do Protestants. b. Religious teenage girls tend to be less sexually active than their peers. c. Conservative Protestants tend to get married earlier in life and have more children than liberal Protestants. d. Protestant parents are more likely than Catholic parents to use corporal punishment. DIF: Easy REF: Page 607 TOP: Factual OBJ: Family 69. With regard to gender and religion, which of the following statement is FALSE? a. Women’s groups exist in a third of all congregations; men’s groups exist in about a quarter. b. Women tend to be more religious than men. c. Women’s organizations in churches have maintained their numbers even as women have entered the workforce in greater numbers since the 1970s. d. Traditional religious beliefs tend to be correlated with traditional gender roles. DIF: Easy REF: Page 609 TOP: Factual OBJ: Gender 70. College faculty members in the ____________ are much more likely to belong to churches and express religious commitment than are faculty in the ____________. a. natural, physical, and engineering sciences; social sciences, law, and humanities b. South; North c. social sciences, law, and humanities; natural, physical, and engineering sciences d. disciplines with more female students; disciplines with more male students DIF: Moderate REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 71. There have been a greater number of ____________ presidents of the United States than any other religion. a. Baptist b. Methodist c. Episcopalian d. Catholic DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 72. One of the most “upper-class” religions is: a. fundamentalism. b. Episcopalianism. c. Buddhism. d. Judaism. DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Class 73. As people age they: a. become more secular. b. become less religious. c. become more religious. d. become more cranky. DIF: Easy REF: Page 611 TOP: Factual OBJ: Age 74. Protestantism is split into many different ____________, or groups that share the same faith and are governed by the same administration. Examples are Baptists, Lutherans, and Methodists. a. denominations b. congregations c. sects d. churchs DIF: Moderate REF: Page 619 TOP: Applied OBJ: Sect-Church Cycle 75. Which of the following defines a “church”? a. a religious body that has a high degree of tension with civil society b. a religious body that coexists with its surroundings with little tension c. a religious body that offers an alternative to secular engagement d. a religious movement that makes new claims about the supernatural DIF: Easy REF: Page 619 TOP: Factual OBJ: Sect-Church Cycle Completion 1. The __

Gedrag in organisaties samenvatting H3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17 Samenvatting van gedrag in organisatie GIO over Hoofdstuk 3: Attitude en werktevredenheid Hoofdstuk 5: Besluitvorming Hoofdstuk 6: Basisbegrippen van motivatie Hoofdstuk 7: Motivatie: van begrip naar toepassing Hoofdstuk 9: Gedrag in groepen Hoofdstuk 12: Leiderschap Hoofdstuk 13: Macht en politiek Hoofdstuk 14: Conflicten en onderhandelingen Hoofdstuk 17: Organisatieverandering en organisatieontwikkeling