Human Physiology: Respiration - Transport of Gases A concise & in-depth summary of the transport of gases in respiration Covers: - Methods of O2 transport - Haemoglobin (structure, binding) - Cooperative binding & factors that increase/decrease affinity to O2 (O2 dissociation & Bohr shift explained) - Anaemia - CO2 transport (carbonic anhydrase reaction & chloride shift) - CO2 & O2 exchange (uncoupling & bicarbonate reaction)

Protein Function in Oxygen Transport Notes Oxygen Transport notes by @MissChandhini This is a note bundle that consists of 17 pages of notes which discuss the following topics: Introduction to Oxygen Transport Introduction Myoglobin Haemoglobin Haem groups Oxygen Binding to the Haem Group Oxygen Binding to the Haem group in Myoglobin Oxygen Dissociation Curves Measurement of Oxygen Binding to Myoglobin Oxygen Dissociation Curves: Myoglobin and Haemoglobin Conformational Change of Haemoglobin Cooperative Binding of Oxygen Regulation of Oxygen Binding 2,3 - Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) The Bohr Effect Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Allosteric Effectors Genetics of Haemoglobin Globin Genes Foetal Haemoglobin Haemoglobinopathies Sickle Cell Anaemia Thalassaemias - Beta Thalassaemias Thalassaemias - Alpha Thalassaemias The files included in this download are original and copyright to myself. They are for your own personal use and should not be resold or redistributed. If you have any problems please don't hesitate to contact me. Contact me on: www.misstrendable.com @MissChandhini

MGT 510 Final Exam Part 1 & 2 Question 1 As entry-mode strategies, direct and indirect exporting have Answer High levels of control and low levels of risk. Similar levels of risk and control as FDI. Low levels of risk and control. Are among the most risky. 4 points Question 2 When a firm from another country has an equity (or ownership) position in a separate company, it is engaging in Answer An international cooperative alliance. A turnkey operation. A contract manufacturer. FDI. 4 points Question 3 A company that treats and fills overseas orders like domestic orders is an example of a Answer Indirect exporter. Export management company. Aggressive exporter. Passive exporter. 4 points Question 4 Which strategy attempts to balance advantages from three other multinational strategies? Answer Regional Multidomestic Transnational International 4 points Question 5 Common customer needs, global sources of raw material, and favorable trade policies all lead to Answer An increased focus on local markets. More use of the multidomestic strategy. More use of the local solution to the global-local dilemma. A greater likelihood that companies select global strategies. 4 points Question 6 Selling global products and using similar marketing techniques worldwide is an example of a Answer Transnational strategy. International strategy. Multidomestic strategy. Regional strategy. 4 points Question 7 The type of vertical control mechanism most often associated with a profit center is Answer Bureaucratic. Output. Cultural. Decision making. 4 points Question 8 Which of the following is NOT one of the questions asked when designing an organization? Answer How should work be divided among the organization’s subunits? How should the work be coordinated among the various subunits? How should the work of the various subunits be controlled? How many subunits should the multinational have? Question 9 A __________ helps link the organization horizontally. Answer Control system Coordination system Cultural system Centralized operations 4 points Question 10 The type of control system favored by the transnational is Answer Bureaucratic. Output. Cultural. Decision making. 4 points Question 11 The worldwide product structure is usually considered best to implement a/an _____ strategy. Answer Multidomestic or regional Transnational International Indirect exporting 4 points Question 12 The least efficient of the following structural options is Answer Product structure. Functional structure. Vertical structure. Graphic structure. 4 points Question 13 Understanding a new market and developing a new technology may be used as performance criteria for which of the following? Answer Organizational learning Management processes Competitive advantage Commitment 4 points Question 14 Strategic alliance partners prefer a dominant management structure Answer If partners have similar technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge equally to the alliance. If partners have different technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge equally to the alliance. If partners have different technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge differently to the alliance. If the alliance has more strategic importance to one partner. 4 points Question 15 Which of the following type of strategic alliances allows the multinational to combine manufacturing or assembly activities to achieve a profitable volume of activity? Answer Operations alliances Output alliances Upstream-downstream alliances Marketing alliances 4 points Question 16 Strategic complementarity in a strategic alliance means that Answer Both sides must have similar strategic objectives for the strategic alliance to succeed. Objectives can be different if they are not in conflict. Cultural differences must be dealt with first. Parent companies must leave the strategic alliance management to develop their own strategic goals. 4 points Question 17 An agreement not legally binding between companies to cooperate on any value-chain activity is a (an) Answer Formal international cooperative alliance. International joint venture. Informal international joint venture. International cooperative alliance. 4 points Question 18 __________ means that companies rely on each other to contribute to the relationship. Answer Shared management Balanced management The norm of reciprocity Mutual dependency 4 points Question 19 Which of the following describes the situation where companies stay in a strategic alliance despite strong evidence that the alliance won’t work? Answer Calculative commitment Credibility commitment Attitudinal commitment Escalation of commitment 4 points Question 20 According to the text, the degree of difficulty in conducting global e-commerce businesses is primarily dependent on Answer The financial requirements. The availability of management talent. The infrastructure requirements. The telecommunications infrastructure requirements. 4 points Question 21 According to the text, where is the greatest potential for e-commerce businesses? Answer North America The European Union South America Asia 4 points Question 22 Having systems in place to ensure that collected information is accurate and reliable represents which form of information security? Answer Confidentiality Availability Integrity Authentication 4 points Question 23 Southeast Asian countries represent opportunities for e-commerce growth due to Answer Spanish language websites. Membership in ASEAN. Global demand. Internet economy. 4 points Question 24 According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the management challenges companies will face as they develop their e-commerce businesses? Answer Attracting, retaining, and developing employees in the e-commerce unit Deciding which e-commerce functions to outsource Finding funds to develop the e-commerce business Finding ways to provide individuals with growth opportunities and job fulfillment to encourage employee retention in the e-commerce business 4 points Question 25 An Internet host that allows users to send encrypted data so that those outside the connection cannot see the information is a Answer A secure server. An internet host. A computer that has its own Internet Protocol address. A computer that has its own World Wide Web address. MGT 510 Final Exam Part 2 Question 1 Companies with a global HRM orientation Answer Usually provide significant extra pay for expatriate assignments. Evaluate their managers by headquarters’ country standards. Focus primarily on language training as preparation for expatriate assignments. Use similar pay and benefit packages for all international assignments. 4 points Question 2 The main objective of the balance sheet approach to international compensation is Answer To match home and host county purchasing power. To make sure you reward international managers for their hardship. To save costs in inexpensive countries. To provide headquarters’ accountants with consistent information on salaries. 4 points Question 3 Companies with a multi-local strategy are most likely to have a Answer A global HRM orientation. A polycentric HRM orientation. Either a ethnocentric or regiocentric HRM orientation. A geocentric orientation. 4 points Question 4 Home country nationals are Answer Expatriate employees who come from the parent’s home country. Employees who come from a different country where he/she is working. Expatriate employees which come from the parent’s home country. Employees from foreign country who work in the country where the host company is located. 4 points Question 5 International Human Resource Management Answer Is no different from domestic HRM. Is the application of HRM to international settings. Is the orientation to hiring international employees. Is the selection and compensation of expatriates. 4 points Question 6 Evidence on training for international assignments suggests Answer Cross-cultural training reduces expatriate failure rates. Cross-cultural training makes people feel more comfortable but there are no bottom line effects on performance. US firms invest the most in this activity. It only beneficial for long term assignments. 4 points Question 7 Companies with ethnocentric HRM orientations Answer Use similar pay and benefit packages worldwide. Select home country nationals for key positions. Emphasize extensive training in the company culture before allowing a manager to go international. Often use international experience as a technical qualification for high level management. 4 points Question 8 The process by which companies choose people to fill vacant position is Answer Recruitment. Compensation. Selection. Training and development. Question 9 Which of the following represents one possible solution to the “Old Friends\" dirty trick? Answer Ignore the ploy and focus on mutual benefits. Keep a psychological distance that reflects the true nature of the relationship. Walk out of negotiations. Reveal when you plan to leave negotiations. 4 points Question 10 The sequential approach to concession-making Answer Is very popular in Asian cultures. Is similar to the holistic approach. Implies that concession making begins only after all participants discuss all issues. Implies that negotiators expect each side to give and take on individual issues in sequence. 4 points Question 11 Deliberate deception, one example among some common ploys in international negotiations, refers to Answer Negotiators presenting flagrant untruths either in the facts they present or in their intentions for the negotiation. Negotiators waiting to the last minute before the international negotiation team plans to go home. Negotiators making an agreement then reveal that it must be approved by senior managers or the government. One negotiator acting agreeable and friendly while his or her partner makes outrageous or unreasonable demands. 4 points Question 12 In competitive negotiation Answer Negotiators seek out mutually satisfactory ground that is beneficial that allows both companies to win. Competitive negotiators view the negotiation as a win-win game. Competitive negotiators use dirty tricks and any plot that leads to their advantage. Competitive negotiators search for possible win situations where the outcome of the negotiation is mutually satisfactory to both sides. 4 points Question 13 Olfactics Answer Is the use of smells as a means of nonverbal communication. Refers to communication through eye contact or gazing. Communication through the use of space. Communication through body contact. 4 points Question 14 If negotiators are using deliberate deception as a dirty tricks, the best way to deal with the deception is Answer Not to make any concessions. To ignore the ploy and focus on the agreement. To not reveal your negotiation plans. To point out directly what you believe is happening. 4 points Question 15 High context languages Answer Are languages in which people state things directly and explicitly. Include most northern European languages including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages. Are languages in which people state things indirectly and implicitly. Are languages where the words provide most of the meaning. 4 points Question 16 __________ negotiators search for possible win-win situations where the outcome of the negotiation is mutually satisfactory to both sides. Answer Problem-solving Concession-making Competitive Hard nosed 4 points Question 17 When applying need theories in a cross-national context, managers should Answer Ignore the differences in needs between nations and apply the models uniformly. Take into consideration the particular needs that people seek to satisfy in different countries. Give the same magnitude of importance to work needs and apply these motivational tools. Understand work centrality and then provide the same rewards to satisfy needs. 4 points Question 18 Social loafing Answer Is the social process of sharing. Occurs when people prefer to work in groups. Means that everyone\'s work is easier in groups. Occurs when people put out less effort when working in groups. 4 points Question 19 The need to maximize personal achievement refers to which type of need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Answer Physiological needs. Self esteem needs. Self actualization needs. Security needs. 4 points Question 20 In a cross-national context, expectancy theory prescribes that managers Answer Should specify the hierarchy of needs of workers. Identify and eliminate potential sources of inequity at work. Identify valued outcomes and convince workers that their efforts will lead to these outcomes. Punish workers for not achieving organizational goals. 4 points Question 21 Esteem needs refer to Answer Basic survival needs such as food, water and shelter. Safety and avoidance of pain and life-threatening situations. Being loved and having friendship. Focus on respect and feelings of self-worth. 4 points Question 22 A manager gives bonuses to high performing foreign employees hoping that they will continue performing at a high level. This manager is using which motivational principle? Answer Extinction Goal-directed Reinforcement Punishment 4 points Question 23 Need theories of motivation are based on the assumption that Answer Motivation is a function of the individual\'s beliefs of what happens if one works hard. Motivation is a result of the outcomes of one\'s past behaviors. Motivation is a function of why people work. People can satisfy basic human needs in the work setting. 4 points Question 24 Which types of motivation theories explain motivation arising from satisfaction of needs and values combined with an individual\'s beliefs regarding the work environment? Answer Needs theories Work centrality theories Process and reinforcement theories Work functions theories 4 points Question 25 Conclusions from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey on functions of work reveal that Answer People across the world assign the same degree of importance to work functions. People across the world rate income as the most important work function. People from different nations do not assign the same magnitude of importance to work functions. Workers saw the most important function of work as providing contact with other people.

MGT 510 Final Exam Part 1 & 2 Question 1 As entry-mode strategies, direct and indirect exporting have Answer High levels of control and low levels of risk. Similar levels of risk and control as FDI. Low levels of risk and control. Are among the most risky. 4 points Question 2 When a firm from another country has an equity (or ownership) position in a separate company, it is engaging in Answer An international cooperative alliance. A turnkey operation. A contract manufacturer. FDI. 4 points Question 3 A company that treats and fills overseas orders like domestic orders is an example of a Answer Indirect exporter. Export management company. Aggressive exporter. Passive exporter. 4 points Question 4 Which strategy attempts to balance advantages from three other multinational strategies? Answer Regional Multidomestic Transnational International 4 points Question 5 Common customer needs, global sources of raw material, and favorable trade policies all lead to Answer An increased focus on local markets. More use of the multidomestic strategy. More use of the local solution to the global-local dilemma. A greater likelihood that companies select global strategies. 4 points Question 6 Selling global products and using similar marketing techniques worldwide is an example of a Answer Transnational strategy. International strategy. Multidomestic strategy. Regional strategy. 4 points Question 7 The type of vertical control mechanism most often associated with a profit center is Answer Bureaucratic. Output. Cultural. Decision making. 4 points Question 8 Which of the following is NOT one of the questions asked when designing an organization? Answer How should work be divided among the organization’s subunits? How should the work be coordinated among the various subunits? How should the work of the various subunits be controlled? How many subunits should the multinational have? Question 9 A __________ helps link the organization horizontally. Answer Control system Coordination system Cultural system Centralized operations 4 points Question 10 The type of control system favored by the transnational is Answer Bureaucratic. Output. Cultural. Decision making. 4 points Question 11 The worldwide product structure is usually considered best to implement a/an _____ strategy. Answer Multidomestic or regional Transnational International Indirect exporting 4 points Question 12 The least efficient of the following structural options is Answer Product structure. Functional structure. Vertical structure. Graphic structure. 4 points Question 13 Understanding a new market and developing a new technology may be used as performance criteria for which of the following? Answer Organizational learning Management processes Competitive advantage Commitment 4 points Question 14 Strategic alliance partners prefer a dominant management structure Answer If partners have similar technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge equally to the alliance. If partners have different technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge equally to the alliance. If partners have different technologies or know-how and they contribute this knowledge differently to the alliance. If the alliance has more strategic importance to one partner. 4 points Question 15 Which of the following type of strategic alliances allows the multinational to combine manufacturing or assembly activities to achieve a profitable volume of activity? Answer Operations alliances Output alliances Upstream-downstream alliances Marketing alliances 4 points Question 16 Strategic complementarity in a strategic alliance means that Answer Both sides must have similar strategic objectives for the strategic alliance to succeed. Objectives can be different if they are not in conflict. Cultural differences must be dealt with first. Parent companies must leave the strategic alliance management to develop their own strategic goals. 4 points Question 17 An agreement not legally binding between companies to cooperate on any value-chain activity is a (an) Answer Formal international cooperative alliance. International joint venture. Informal international joint venture. International cooperative alliance. 4 points Question 18 __________ means that companies rely on each other to contribute to the relationship. Answer Shared management Balanced management The norm of reciprocity Mutual dependency 4 points Question 19 Which of the following describes the situation where companies stay in a strategic alliance despite strong evidence that the alliance won’t work? Answer Calculative commitment Credibility commitment Attitudinal commitment Escalation of commitment 4 points Question 20 According to the text, the degree of difficulty in conducting global e-commerce businesses is primarily dependent on Answer The financial requirements. The availability of management talent. The infrastructure requirements. The telecommunications infrastructure requirements. 4 points Question 21 According to the text, where is the greatest potential for e-commerce businesses? Answer North America The European Union South America Asia 4 points Question 22 Having systems in place to ensure that collected information is accurate and reliable represents which form of information security? Answer Confidentiality Availability Integrity Authentication 4 points Question 23 Southeast Asian countries represent opportunities for e-commerce growth due to Answer Spanish language websites. Membership in ASEAN. Global demand. Internet economy. 4 points Question 24 According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the management challenges companies will face as they develop their e-commerce businesses? Answer Attracting, retaining, and developing employees in the e-commerce unit Deciding which e-commerce functions to outsource Finding funds to develop the e-commerce business Finding ways to provide individuals with growth opportunities and job fulfillment to encourage employee retention in the e-commerce business 4 points Question 25 An Internet host that allows users to send encrypted data so that those outside the connection cannot see the information is a Answer A secure server. An internet host. A computer that has its own Internet Protocol address. A computer that has its own World Wide Web address. MGT 510 Final Exam Part 2 Question 1 Companies with a global HRM orientation Answer Usually provide significant extra pay for expatriate assignments. Evaluate their managers by headquarters’ country standards. Focus primarily on language training as preparation for expatriate assignments. Use similar pay and benefit packages for all international assignments. 4 points Question 2 The main objective of the balance sheet approach to international compensation is Answer To match home and host county purchasing power. To make sure you reward international managers for their hardship. To save costs in inexpensive countries. To provide headquarters’ accountants with consistent information on salaries. 4 points Question 3 Companies with a multi-local strategy are most likely to have a Answer A global HRM orientation. A polycentric HRM orientation. Either a ethnocentric or regiocentric HRM orientation. A geocentric orientation. 4 points Question 4 Home country nationals are Answer Expatriate employees who come from the parent’s home country. Employees who come from a different country where he/she is working. Expatriate employees which come from the parent’s home country. Employees from foreign country who work in the country where the host company is located. 4 points Question 5 International Human Resource Management Answer Is no different from domestic HRM. Is the application of HRM to international settings. Is the orientation to hiring international employees. Is the selection and compensation of expatriates. 4 points Question 6 Evidence on training for international assignments suggests Answer Cross-cultural training reduces expatriate failure rates. Cross-cultural training makes people feel more comfortable but there are no bottom line effects on performance. US firms invest the most in this activity. It only beneficial for long term assignments. 4 points Question 7 Companies with ethnocentric HRM orientations Answer Use similar pay and benefit packages worldwide. Select home country nationals for key positions. Emphasize extensive training in the company culture before allowing a manager to go international. Often use international experience as a technical qualification for high level management. 4 points Question 8 The process by which companies choose people to fill vacant position is Answer Recruitment. Compensation. Selection. Training and development. Question 9 Which of the following represents one possible solution to the “Old Friends" dirty trick? Answer Ignore the ploy and focus on mutual benefits. Keep a psychological distance that reflects the true nature of the relationship. Walk out of negotiations. Reveal when you plan to leave negotiations. 4 points Question 10 The sequential approach to concession-making Answer Is very popular in Asian cultures. Is similar to the holistic approach. Implies that concession making begins only after all participants discuss all issues. Implies that negotiators expect each side to give and take on individual issues in sequence. 4 points Question 11 Deliberate deception, one example among some common ploys in international negotiations, refers to Answer Negotiators presenting flagrant untruths either in the facts they present or in their intentions for the negotiation. Negotiators waiting to the last minute before the international negotiation team plans to go home. Negotiators making an agreement then reveal that it must be approved by senior managers or the government. One negotiator acting agreeable and friendly while his or her partner makes outrageous or unreasonable demands. 4 points Question 12 In competitive negotiation Answer Negotiators seek out mutually satisfactory ground that is beneficial that allows both companies to win. Competitive negotiators view the negotiation as a win-win game. Competitive negotiators use dirty tricks and any plot that leads to their advantage. Competitive negotiators search for possible win situations where the outcome of the negotiation is mutually satisfactory to both sides. 4 points Question 13 Olfactics Answer Is the use of smells as a means of nonverbal communication. Refers to communication through eye contact or gazing. Communication through the use of space. Communication through body contact. 4 points Question 14 If negotiators are using deliberate deception as a dirty tricks, the best way to deal with the deception is Answer Not to make any concessions. To ignore the ploy and focus on the agreement. To not reveal your negotiation plans. To point out directly what you believe is happening. 4 points Question 15 High context languages Answer Are languages in which people state things directly and explicitly. Include most northern European languages including German, English, and the Scandinavian languages. Are languages in which people state things indirectly and implicitly. Are languages where the words provide most of the meaning. 4 points Question 16 __________ negotiators search for possible win-win situations where the outcome of the negotiation is mutually satisfactory to both sides. Answer Problem-solving Concession-making Competitive Hard nosed 4 points Question 17 When applying need theories in a cross-national context, managers should Answer Ignore the differences in needs between nations and apply the models uniformly. Take into consideration the particular needs that people seek to satisfy in different countries. Give the same magnitude of importance to work needs and apply these motivational tools. Understand work centrality and then provide the same rewards to satisfy needs. 4 points Question 18 Social loafing Answer Is the social process of sharing. Occurs when people prefer to work in groups. Means that everyone's work is easier in groups. Occurs when people put out less effort when working in groups. 4 points Question 19 The need to maximize personal achievement refers to which type of need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Answer Physiological needs. Self esteem needs. Self actualization needs. Security needs. 4 points Question 20 In a cross-national context, expectancy theory prescribes that managers Answer Should specify the hierarchy of needs of workers. Identify and eliminate potential sources of inequity at work. Identify valued outcomes and convince workers that their efforts will lead to these outcomes. Punish workers for not achieving organizational goals. 4 points Question 21 Esteem needs refer to Answer Basic survival needs such as food, water and shelter. Safety and avoidance of pain and life-threatening situations. Being loved and having friendship. Focus on respect and feelings of self-worth. 4 points Question 22 A manager gives bonuses to high performing foreign employees hoping that they will continue performing at a high level. This manager is using which motivational principle? Answer Extinction Goal-directed Reinforcement Punishment 4 points Question 23 Need theories of motivation are based on the assumption that Answer Motivation is a function of the individual's beliefs of what happens if one works hard. Motivation is a result of the outcomes of one's past behaviors. Motivation is a function of why people work. People can satisfy basic human needs in the work setting. 4 points Question 24 Which types of motivation theories explain motivation arising from satisfaction of needs and values combined with an individual's beliefs regarding the work environment? Answer Needs theories Work centrality theories Process and reinforcement theories Work functions theories 4 points Question 25 Conclusions from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey on functions of work reveal that Answer People across the world assign the same degree of importance to work functions. People across the world rate income as the most important work function. People from different nations do not assign the same magnitude of importance to work functions. Workers saw the most important function of work as providing contact with other people.

Clarion MKTG360 final exam Question 1 (2 points) Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of viral marketing? Question 1 options: 1) The costs of viral marketing are too high for most companies. 2) The brand associated with the viral message is usually forgotten. 3) Marketers have little control over who receives the viral message. 4) Viral messages are less likely to be viewed than other types of online promotions. 5) Viral messages are blocked by most search engines. Question 2 (2 points) In CRM, findings about customers discovered through ________ techniques often lead to marketing opportunities. Question 2 options: 1) value marketing 2) data mining 3) test marketing 4) neuromarketing 5) serial processing Save Question 3 (2 points) It is most accurate to say that successful niche marketing relies on a firm's ___ and its ____. Question 3 options: 1) marketing strategy; services 2) individual relationships with customers; positioning 3) superior products; value network partners 4) greater knowledge of customers' needs; special reputation 5) competitive advantage in comparison to mass-market companies; affordable pricing Question 4 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the U.S. age demographics? Question 4 options: 1) The Millennial generation accounts for nearly half of all the discretionary consumer spending in the U.S 2) The Generation Xers are the most educated section of the population 3) The baby boomers are the poorest segment of the population 4) The Generation Xers form the largest segment of the population 5) The Millennials are the most financially secure segment of the population Question 5 (2 points) As a result of the great success of corporate chains, many independent stores chose to band together in one of two forms of contractual associations: a voluntary chain or a(n) ________. Question 5 options: factory outlet retailer cooperative independent off-price retailer warehouse club value retail center Question 6 (2 points) Companies can build customer relationships at many levels, depending on the nature of the target market. Hence, a company with few customers and high margins is most likely to seek to develop ________ with key customers. Question 6 options: 1) full partnerships 2) basic relationships 3) selective relationships 4) categorical partnerships 5) community relationships Question 7 (2 points) The Zavyr Corporation, a manufacturer of electronics products, is planning to release a new product into the market. They are hoping to tap into a new market of commercial tracking devices. The product to be released, FindIt, is unlike previous tracking devices in that it is virtually unnoticeable and cheap. But FindIt will primarily only help to find objects lost within a living space, as it has a low frequency detection range. Which of the following kinds of techniques would suit the Zavyr Corporation for advertising FindIt? Question 7 options: 1) informative advertising 2) reminder advertising 3) classified advertising 4) comparative advertising 5) personalized advertising Question 8 (2 points) A company that allows consumers to use monthly installment plans for buyers to pay for products is using the promotional tool of ________. Question 8 options: direct marketing public relations advertising personal selling sales promotion Question 9 (2 points) Reseller markets involve ________. Question 9 options: government agencies that buy goods and services to produce public services individuals who buy goods and services for personal consumption firms that buy goods and services for further processing in their production processes firms that buy goods and services and then sell them at a profit Question 10 (2 points) New-product development starts with the step of ________. Question 10 options: idea generation idea screening concept development concept testing test marketing Question 11 (2 points) In selective distribution, producers purposely limit the number of intermediaries handling their products. Question 11 options: 1) True 2) False Question 12 (2 points) Physical distribution firms that help the company stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destinations are considered to be marketing intermediaries. Question 12 options: 1) True 2) False Question 13 (2 points) Which statement is true regarding social class in the United States? Question 13 options: 1) Social class is determined primarily by income level 2) Lines between social classes in the United States are fixed and rigid 3) Social classes show distinct product preferences in clothing and automobiles 4) Wealth is more critical than education level in measuring social class 5) People are relegated to a permanent class layer in the United States Question 14 (2 points) Marketers must be careful to guard against stereotypes when using age and life-cycle segmentation. Question 14 options: 1) True 2) False Question 15 (2 points) Which of the following is an example of horizontal conflict in the distribution channel? Question 15 options: 1) a Nike shoe dealer complaining that the shoes provided to the dealer are defective 2) a Ford car dealer complaining that another Ford dealer is overpricing customers for the same car model 3) a FedEx agent complaining that a DHL agent is cutting off its business 4) a Walmart executive complaining to a Pepsi executive for not replenishing stocks 5) a Gucci executive complaining to Gucci's suppliers of delay in shipping consignments Question 16 (2 points) Which of the following exemplifies vertical conflicts that occur in a distribution channel? Question 16 options: 1) conflicts that occur between same levels in the same channel 2) conflicts that occur between different levels of the same channel 3) conflicts that occur between same levels of different channels 4) conflicts that occur between a supplier and a producer 5) conflicts that occur between two suppliers over meeting the demands of a producer Question 17 (2 points) La Viva, a chain of clubs and resorts, is known to be one of most preferred options for consumers seeking hospitality of a good standard. La Viva follows a mission which stresses long-term relationship building. It does not offer customers frequent price discounts which do increase footfalls, but fail to add value to the company. Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens the argument that La Viva uses the relationship-building approach over the transaction-oriented approach? Question 17 options: 1) The sales force at La Viva is trained rigorously in the selling process that begins with the step of prospecting and terminates with the step of follow-through 2) The consumer promotion activities at La Viva are centered around providing customers with a free package during the off-season 3) The largest proportion of customers coming to La Viva are holders of a "Lifetime with La Viva" card or have been referred by satisfied customers 4) The facilities for recreation at La Viva are not significantly greater than its key competitor, Aurora clubs and resorts 5) The managers at La Viva are suffering from a situation that reflects promotion clutter Question 18 (2 points) ________ is the process of evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. Question 18 options: 1) Differentiation 2) Mass marketing 3) Market targeting 4) Market segmentation 5) Positioning Question 19 (2 points) Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. Question 19 options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 (2 points) Penny Bank, a discount retail chain, is highly competitive. When entering a new market, Penny Bank often cuts prices so deeply that it sells below costs, effectively pushing smaller retail stores with less purchasing power out of the market. Penny Bank is at risk of being accused of ________. Question 20 options: 1) market skimming 2) price-fixing 3) predatory pricing 4) deceptive pricing 5) resale price maintenance Question 21 (2 points) Erica Jenson has a limited budget for the market research she needs to conduct; however, the sample size for her research is quite large. Which of the following methods of contact would provide Erica with the most cost-effective way to reach a large sample of potential customers? Question 21 options: 1) telephone surveys 2) personal interviews 3) Internet surveys 4) mail surveys 5) focus group interviews Question 22 (2 points) Jeff Barkins is a conscientious marketing manager. Sometimes, Jeff and his staff are unclear what decisions to make when faced with moral dilemmas. Jeff and other managers could create broad guidelines that everyone in the organization must follow in the form of a ________. Question 22 options: 1) company value statement 2) company mission statement 3) company vision statement 4) corporate marketing ethics policy 5) financial statement Question 23 (2 points) When ProFem Inc. caters to clothing, cosmetics, and toiletries markets for women, it is most likely using which type of segmentation? Question 23 options: 1) age and life-cycle 2) gender 3) behavior 4) psychographic 5) geographic Question 24 (2 points) Selecting particular segments of a population of customers to serve is called ________. Question 24 options: 1) value reengineering 2) brand synchronizing 3) mass customizing 4) target marketing 5) selective administering Question 25 (2 points) During which stage of the business buying process is a buyer most likely to conduct value analysis by carefully studying components to determine if they can be redesigned, standardized, or made less expensive? Question 25 options: 1) general need recognition 2) product specification 3) proposal solicitation 4) order-routine specification 5) performance review Question 26 (2 points) Josie enjoys her work at Futuristic Designs Inc. Her organization understands and anticipates customer needs even better than customers themselves do and creates products and services to meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future. Josie's firm practices ________ marketing. Question 26 options: 1) product concept 2) customer-driving 3) societal 4) donor 5) production concept Question 27 (2 points) Evans and Hills has developed a new line of specialty teas positioned directly against its competitor, Milton Brews. Evans and Hills has pitched its plan to recapture its lost market share on this line of specialty teas and is seeking regular inputs from the test marketing process. To facilitate this process, it is using BuyerScan, a software that generates store-by-store, week-by-week reports on the actual sales of tested products and the impact of in-store and in-home marketing efforts. This scenario illustrates the ________. Question 27 options: 1) traditional test marketing approach 2) just-in-time inventory tracking approach 3) controlled test market approach 4) simulated test approach 5) direct commercialization approach Question 28 (2 points) The concept of ________ holds that a company's marketing should support the best long-run performance of the marketing system. Question 28 options: 1) consumerism 2) global marketing 3) sustainable marketing 4) differential marketing 5) consumer-oriented marketing Question 29 (2 points) A convenience store is most likely to be ________. Question 29 options: 1) operating in commercial centers away from residential hubs 2) stocking a narrow product line with deep assortment 3) carrying a limited line of high-turnover daily needs products 4) charging consumers significantly lower prices than retail stores 5) providing consumers full service in making purchase decisions Question 30 (2 points) Restrictive product standards is an example of ________. Question 30 options: 1) tariffs 2) excise 3) quotas 4) nontariff trade barriers 5) exchange controls Question 31 (2 points) _______ ventures consist of one company collaborating with foreign investors to create a local business in which they share possession and control. Question 31 options: 1) Licensing 2) Direct investment 3) Contract manufacturing 4) Management contracting 5) Joint ownership Question 32 (2 points) Advertainment is an example of a ________ advertising technique. Question 32 options: 1) surrogate 2) public service 3) covert 4) Madison & Mine 5) social Question 33 (2 points) ________ is an example of a virtual world. Question 33 options: 1) Craigslist 2) Facebook 3) Napster 4) Second Life 5) MySpace Question 34 (2 points) Timberland employees get 40 hours paid leave each year to pursue volunteer projects. The company runs a service day that hosts projects in 25 countries, and it supports a nonprofit that brings young people into public service for a year. CEO Jeffrey Swartz sees such service as a powerful differentiator for Timberland with its current and potential customers. Timberland could be most accurately described as practicing ________. Question 34 options: 1) consumerism 2) environmental sustainability 3) sustainability vision 4) innovative marketing 5) sense-of-mission marketing Question 35 (2 points) In the logistics system, minimum distribution costs imply ________. Question 35 options: 1) flexible assortments 2) larger shipping lots 3) rapid delivery 4) large inventories 5) liberal returns policies Question 36 (2 points) McDonald's, Subway, and Pizza Hut are all examples of ________ organizations. Question 36 options: 1) voluntary 2) retailer cooperative 3) franchise 4) no-service 5) corporate chain Question 37 (2 points) In a SWOT analysis, ________ refer to external factors that the company may be able to exploit to its advantage. Question 37 options: 1) strengths 2) strategies 3) weaknesses 4) opportunities 5) controls Question 38 (2 points) Newspapers, as a medium of advertising, provide poor local market coverage. Question 38 options: 1). True 2). False Question 39 (2 points) Several companies, some of them operating through the Internet, offer "paycheck advances." Consumers are encouraged to take out a loan against a paycheck they expect to receive in the near future. These short-term loans with high-interest rates, and high penalties for late payments, are often marketed to consumers who do not have traditional bank accounts. These companies could most easily be criticized for which of the following? Question 39 options: 1). shoddy products 2). poorly serving disadvantaged consumers 3). high-pressure selling 4). high advertising and promotion costs 5). predatory pricing Question 40 (2 points) In evaluating different market segments, a firm must look at three factors: segment size and growth, segment structural attractiveness, and company objectives and resources. Question 40 options: 1) True 2) False Question 41 (2 points) MTV targets the world's teenagers, who have similar needs and buying behaviors even though they are located in different countries. This is called ________ segmentation. Question 41 options: 1). political and legal 2). cross-cultural 3). cultural 4). intermarket 5). individual Question 42 (2 points) "All Needs" is a convenience store that has recently begun to redesign and restock its stores to offer a more upscale environment and products, such as house wines, special types of cheese and fresh foods. "All Needs" has changed product mix and positioning to become a ________. Question 42 options: 1). wholesaler club 2). designer shop 3). factory outlet 4). retailer cooperative 5). supercenter Question 43 (2 points) Crowbar Records used to sell its music, in CDs, through a network of retail outlets, record stores, and music dealers. After the advent of MP3 technology, it decided to shift from using any of these agents and sell its music independently from the company's Web site, using personal mail, and other social networking techniques to inform potential customers about upcoming music and promotions. Which of the following types of marketing systems has Crowbar newly adopted? Question 43 options: 1) administered vertical marketing system 2) contractual vertical marketing system 3) horizontal marketing system 4) direct marketing channel 5) vertical marketing channel Question 44 (2 points) A company or store gains a(n) ________ by differentiating its products and delivering more value. Question 44 options: 1) competitive advantage 2) positioning advantage 3) cost advantage 4) efficiency advantage 5) synergy Question 45 (2 points) The final step in the marketing process is ________. Question 45 options: 1) capturing value from customers 2) constructing an integrated marketing program 3) building profitable relationships with the customers 4) understanding the marketplace 5) designing a customer-driven marketing strategy Question 46 (2 points) Which of the following is true of marketing ROI? Question 46 options: 1) Marketing ROI uses only those marketing effects that are measured in dollar terms 2) Marketing ROI ignores customer-centered measures of marketing impact, such as customer acquisition and retention 3) Marketing ROI is the net return from a marketing investment divided by the profit from the marketing investment 4) Marketing ROI cannot be assessed in terms of standard marketing performance measures, such as brand awareness, sales, or market share 5) Marketing ROI measures the profits generated by investments in marketing activities Question 47 (2 points) Customer markets are considered to be a factor of a manufacturer's microenvironment. Question 47 options: 1) True 2) False Question 48 (2 points) Which of the following is a major disadvantage of direct investment for the domestic company? Question 48 options: 1) The returns are lesser as compared to exporting 2) Generally, the firm finds it difficult to develop a deeper relationship with the government or customers 3) The firm eventually loses control over the investment 4) The firm faces many risks such as falling markets or government changes 5) Due to a lack of control, the firm is unable to develop marketing policies that serve its long-term international objectives Question 49 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores carries a deep assortment of goods in each category, has knowledgeable staff, and is often viewed as a very large specialty store? Question 49 options: 1) category killers 2) convenience stores 3) factory outlets 4) department stores 5) independent stores Question 50 (2 points) A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the maker or seller of a product or service. Question 50 options: 1) True 2) False Question 51 (2 points) Compared to standardized global marketing, adapted global marketing ________. Question 51 options: 1) uses the same marketing mix elements to target markets 2) involves reduced costs 3) produces a larger market share 4) maintains uniformity across all markets 5) results in lower returns Question 52 (2 points) Sales promotion tools used to persuade resellers to carry a brand, give it shelf space, promote it in advertising, and push it to consumers are collectively called ________ promotion. Question 52 options: 1) consumer 2) point-of-purchase 3) sales force 4) trade 5) business Question 53 (2 points) The maturity stage of the PLC is characterized by a slowdown in sales growth. Question 53 options: 1) True 2) False Question 54 (2 points) In the second step of the marketing research process, a ________ is developed. Question 54 options: 1) research problem 2) research plan 3) research report 4) research rationale 5) research objective Question 55 (2 points) Which of the following is true of a vertical marketing system? Question 55 options: 1) It occurs when two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity 2) It occurs when a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments 3) It does not give overall power to any one member in the channel 4) It has each channel member acting as a separate business unit trying to maximize its own profits 5) It has one channel member owning all the other channel members, or has contracts with all other channel members Question 56 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores usually carries more specialty goods for which customers like to be "waited on" and have much higher operating costs that are passed along to the customer? Question 56 options: 1) self-service stores 2) convenience stores 3) full-service stores 4) discount stores 5) off-price stores Question 57 (2 points) ________ is the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. Question 57 options: 1) Test marketing 2) Marketing research 3) Commercialization 4) Integrated marketing 5) Exclusive distribution Question 58 (2 points) A(n) ________ marketing system is a marketing system in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through binding agreements. Question 58 options: 1) corporate vertical 2) horizontal 3) contractual vertical 4) administered vertical 5) direct Question 59 (2 points) The business buying process tends to be longer and more formalized than the consumer buying process. Question 59 options: 1) True 2) False Question 60 (2 points) Freight-absorption pricing is used for market skimming and to hold on to monopolistic markets. Question 60 options: 1) True 2) False Question 61 (2 points) When pursuing a market penetration strategy, a company aims to improve sales by ________. Question 61 options: 1) entering a new market in addition to its current market 2) introducing a new variant of its product in a new market 3) increasing distribution efforts in its current market 4) introducing its product in a new market without making any changes to the product 5) selling a new product in its current market Question 62 (2 points) Facebook and Twitter are examples of ________. Question 62 options: 1) buzz marketing 2) telepresence technology 3) social networks 4) virtual worlds 5) online marketplaces Question 63 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the Clayton Act? Question 63 options: 1) It authorizes the FTC to determine rules and regulations for consumer warranties and provides consumer access to redress 2) It protects and regulates distinctive brand names and trademarks 3) It establishes the Consumer Product Safety Commission and authorizes it to set safety standards for consumer products 4) It supplements the Sherman Act by prohibiting certain types of price discrimination, exclusive dealing, and tying clauses 5) It establishes the Environmental Protection Agency and authorizes it to set a national policy on the environment Question 64 (2 points) Salespeople write up their completed activities in the ________. Question 64 options: 1) technical support reports 2) expense reports 3) investment returns reports 4) call reports 5) customer surveys Question 65 (2 points) Dextora Technologies manufactures microprocessors and caters exclusively to companies that produce high-end computers. Which of the following types of markets does Dextora target in this scenario? Question 65 options: 1) retail markets 2) government markets 3) consumer markets 4) business markets 5) reseller markets Question 66 (2 points) _______ marketing tailors brands and promotions to the needs and wants of specific cities, neighborhoods, and even stores. Question 66 options: 1) One-to-one 2) Mass 3) Niche 4) Local 5) Variable Question 67 (2 points) The paint used to paint an office is an example of an industrial product that is most likely to fall in the category of ________. Question 67 options: 1) materials and parts 2) augmented products 3) capital items 4) shopping products 5) supplies and services Question 68 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the different demographics in the U.S.? Question 68 options: 1) There is an increase in the telecommuting workforce 2) There is a decrease in the number of married women in the workforce 3) There is a decrease in the educational levels in the U.S. population 4) There is a decrease in the number of people migrating to suburbs 5) There is a steep rise in jobs in the manufacturing industry Question 69 (2 points) ________ products are distributed exclusively in only one or a few outlets per market area and they have unique characteristics or brand identification. Question 69 options: 1) Unsought 2) Tertiary 3) Transactional 4) Convenience 5) Specialty Question 70 (2 points) The rapid increase in people telecommuting has increased the SOHO market in the United States. Question 70 options: 1) True 2) False Question 71 (2 points) An emerging economy is one in which ________. Question 71 options: 1) the country imports large amounts of finished textiles and automobiles 2) the vast majority of people engage in simple agriculture 3) the country is rich in one or more resources but poor in other ways 4) there are very few imports of raw textile materials and steel 5) fast growth in manufacturing results in rapid overall economic growth Question 72 (2 points) Bensons is a specialty store selling the finest home linen made from raw materials imported from Asian countries. Bensons pricing decision would be aimed at low markups on a high volume of products they retail. Question 72 options: 1) True 2) False Save Question 73 (2 points) The dimension of citizen-action publics is most likely to include ________. Question 73 options: 1) company directors and managers 2) stockholders and investment analysts 3) government trade agencies 4) consumer organizations and environmental groups 5) magazines and news channels Question 74 (2 points) When a company makes marketing decisions by considering consumers' wants and interests, the company's requirements, and society's long-run interests, it is practicing ________ marketing. Question 74 options: 1) value 2) societal 3) sense-of-mission 4) consumer-oriented 5) customer-value Question 75 (2 points) Qriosity Inc. comes out with a new antivirus program and prices it at half price to attract buyers. The company is using ________. Question 75 options: 1) marketing-skimming pricing 2) market-penetration pricing 3) value-added pricing 4) reference pricing 5) promotional allowances

MGT 557 Final Exam (Latest) 1) To most people the words bargaining and negotiation are mutually exclusive interchangeable not related interdependent 2) Whereas distributive bargaining is often characterized by mistrust and suspicion, integrative negotiation is characterized by which of the following? Obligation and perseverance Avoidance and compromise Influence and persuasiveness Trust and openness Cognition and emotion 3) Distributive bargaining strategies are the most efficient negotiating strategies to use are used in all interdependent relationships are useful in maintaining long-term relationships can cause negotiators to ignore what the parties have in common 4) Good distributive bargainers will begin negotiations with the other party with an opening offer close to their own resistance point ensure that there is enough room in the bargaining range to make some concessions accept an offer that is presented as a fait accompli immediately identify the other party’s target point 5) Which of the following processes is central to achieving almost all integrative agreements? Moderating the free flow of information to ensure that each party’s position is accurately stated Exchanging information about each party’s position on key issues Emphasizing the commonalties between the parties Searching for solutions that maximize the substantive outcome for both parties 6) Which of the following 5-step processes has been used successfully in a collective bargaining situation? Commitment, explanation, validation, prioritization, negotiation Commitment, exploration, verification, prioritization, negotiation Collaboration, explanation, validation, prioritization, negotiation Collaboration, exploration, verification, prioritization, negotiation 7) Which of the following is one of the five linguistic dimensions of making threats? The use of inclusive language The conveyance of verbal immediacy The degree of lexical homogeneity The extent of low-power language style 8) Gibbons, Bradac, and Busch suggest that threats can be made more credible and more compelling by using positively polarized descriptions of the other party low immediacy high intensity low verbal diversity 9) The concept of duty ethics states that the rightness of an action is determined by evaluating the pros and cons of its consequences the rightness of an action is determined by existing laws and contemporary social standards that define what is right and wrong and where the line is the rightness of an action is based on the customs and norms of a particular society or community the rightness of an action is based on one’s conscience and moral standards 10) Ethical criteria for judging appropriate conduct define what is wise based on trying to understand the efficacy of the tactic and the consequences it might have on the relationship with the other what a negotiator can actually make happen in a given situation what is appropriate as determined by some standard of moral conduct what the law defines as acceptable practice 11) Audiences hold negotiators accountable in all but one of the following ways: When the negotiator’s performance is visible When the audience is dependent upon the negotiator for their outcomes When the negotiating agents were members of a group that developed the negotiating position When the audience is able to judge how well a negotiator performs When the audience insists that the negotiator be tough, firm 12) Which of the following would you not likely find the use of an agent in negotiations? When your natural conflict style is to compromise, accommodate, or avoid When the agent has special friends, relationships or connections that he or she can use to contact the right people to get a deal done When the representative has better negotiation skills than you When you need to repair a damaged relationship When you are emotionally involved in an issue or problem 13) Which of the following is a property of a coalition? A coalition is a non-interacting group of individuals. A coalition is dependent on the formal structure of the organization. A coalition consists of mutually perceived membership. A coalition is focused on a goal or goals internal to the coalition. 14) Which of the following lists three of the major types of coalitions? Potential coalitions, operating coalitions, and recurring coalitions External coalitions, operating coalitions, and recurring coalitions Latent coalitions, established coalitions, and potential coalitions Established coalitions, operating coalitions, and temporary coalitions 15) What is the result of procedural complexity in multiparty negotiations? The fewer the number of parties, the more complex the decision-making process becomes. The increased number of negotiators will streamline the decision-making process. Negotiators can ignore the problem of multiple related issues. Negotiators will probably have to devote discussion time to how they will manage the process to arrive at the type of solution or agreement they want. 16) Research on gender characteristics in negotiation has shown a strength in the use of gender as the independent variable has yielded consistent findings to document significant differences between male and female negotiators has found there are differences in how males and females negotiate, but these differences are difficult to detect has a generalized influence on the dependent variables in a negotiation 17) Self-efficacy is a perception of the extent to which external circumstances control the negotiation refers to the extent to which people perceive that they have control over events which occur is the negotiator’s capacity to understand the other party’s point of view during a negotiation is considered to be a judgment about one’s ability to behave effect lively in a given situation 18) The extent to which people perceive that they have control over events that occur is called self-monitoring locus of control Machiavellianism the negotiator’s degree of assertiveness 19) We use the term culture to refer to the religious beliefs of a group of people ethnicity of a group of people geographic nationality of a group of people shared values and beliefs of a group of people 20) Which of the following is an immediate context factor in cross-cultural negotiations? External stakeholders Instability International economic factors Relationship between negotiators 21) Which of the following lists the stages of the perceptual process in the correct order? Stimulus, translation, attention, recognition, behavior Stimulus, behavior, translation, attention, recognition Stimulus, attention, recognition, translation, behavior Behavior, stimulus, recognition, attention, translation 22) The chilling effect states that If negotiators anticipate that their own failure to agree will lead to a binding arbitration, they lose their incentive to work seriously for a negotiated settlement when arbitration is anticipated as a result of the failure of parties to agree, negotiators may lose interest in the process of negotiating as the frequency of arbitration increases, disenchantment with the adequacy and fairness of the process develops, and the parties may resort to other means to resolve their disputes perceived patterns of partiality toward one side may jeopardize the arbitrator’s acceptability in future disputes 23) Which of the following is heavily involved in helping to establish or enhance communication and dispute resolution skills that the parties can then apply to the immediate dispute and future communication? Process consultants Arbitrators ADR systems Mediators 24) Negotiators always run the risk of encountering other parties who, for any number of reasons, are difficult negotiators. That difficulty may be intentional or due to inexperience philosophical differences inadequate skill lack of sophistication a psychological imbalance 25) In the imaging process, parties in conflict are asked to engage in the following activities in what order? Describe how they see themselves, state how they think the other party would describe them, describe how the other party appears to them, state how they think the other party sees themselves Describe how they see themselves; describe how the other party appears to them, state how they think the other party would describe them, state how they think the other party sees themselves Describe how the other party appears to them, state how they think the other party sees themselves, describe how they see themselves, state how they think the other party would describe them State how they think the other party would describe them, state how they think the other party sees themselves, describe how they see themselves, describe how the other party appears to them 26) The strategy of disarmament includes: Providing some distance from the conflict and from one’s own emotions Negotiating directly and openly the rules of the negotiation process Helping the other party thinks about the consequences of not reaching an agreement Expressing one’s own views clearly and considerately Asking open-ended questions 27) Negotiation is fundamentally a skill involving analysis and _____________ that everyone can learn. preparation cooperation communication process innovation 28) At the top of the best practice list for every negotiator is managing coalitions diagnosing the structure of the negotiation remembering the intangibles preparation protecting your reputation 29) Negotiators should make a conscious decision about whether they are facing a fundamentally distributive negotiation, an integrative negotiation, or a combative negotiation group negotiation cooperative negotiation creative negotiation a blend of both distributive and integrative negotiation 30) The goal of most negotiations is achieving which of the following? A final settlement A valued outcome An agreement per se A value claiming goal A value creating goal

Clarion MKTG360 final exam Question 1 (2 points) Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of viral marketing? Question 1 options: 1) The costs of viral marketing are too high for most companies. 2) The brand associated with the viral message is usually forgotten. 3) Marketers have little control over who receives the viral message. 4) Viral messages are less likely to be viewed than other types of online promotions. 5) Viral messages are blocked by most search engines. Question 2 (2 points) In CRM, findings about customers discovered through ________ techniques often lead to marketing opportunities. Question 2 options: 1) value marketing 2) data mining 3) test marketing 4) neuromarketing 5) serial processing Save Question 3 (2 points) It is most accurate to say that successful niche marketing relies on a firm's ___ and its ____. Question 3 options: 1) marketing strategy; services 2) individual relationships with customers; positioning 3) superior products; value network partners 4) greater knowledge of customers' needs; special reputation 5) competitive advantage in comparison to mass-market companies; affordable pricing Question 4 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the U.S. age demographics? Question 4 options: 1) The Millennial generation accounts for nearly half of all the discretionary consumer spending in the U.S 2) The Generation Xers are the most educated section of the population 3) The baby boomers are the poorest segment of the population 4) The Generation Xers form the largest segment of the population 5) The Millennials are the most financially secure segment of the population Question 5 (2 points) As a result of the great success of corporate chains, many independent stores chose to band together in one of two forms of contractual associations: a voluntary chain or a(n) ________. Question 5 options: factory outlet retailer cooperative independent off-price retailer warehouse club value retail center Question 6 (2 points) Companies can build customer relationships at many levels, depending on the nature of the target market. Hence, a company with few customers and high margins is most likely to seek to develop ________ with key customers. Question 6 options: 1) full partnerships 2) basic relationships 3) selective relationships 4) categorical partnerships 5) community relationships Question 7 (2 points) The Zavyr Corporation, a manufacturer of electronics products, is planning to release a new product into the market. They are hoping to tap into a new market of commercial tracking devices. The product to be released, FindIt, is unlike previous tracking devices in that it is virtually unnoticeable and cheap. But FindIt will primarily only help to find objects lost within a living space, as it has a low frequency detection range. Which of the following kinds of techniques would suit the Zavyr Corporation for advertising FindIt? Question 7 options: 1) informative advertising 2) reminder advertising 3) classified advertising 4) comparative advertising 5) personalized advertising Question 8 (2 points) A company that allows consumers to use monthly installment plans for buyers to pay for products is using the promotional tool of ________. Question 8 options: direct marketing public relations advertising personal selling sales promotion Question 9 (2 points) Reseller markets involve ________. Question 9 options: government agencies that buy goods and services to produce public services individuals who buy goods and services for personal consumption firms that buy goods and services for further processing in their production processes firms that buy goods and services and then sell them at a profit Question 10 (2 points) New-product development starts with the step of ________. Question 10 options: idea generation idea screening concept development concept testing test marketing Question 11 (2 points) In selective distribution, producers purposely limit the number of intermediaries handling their products. Question 11 options: 1) True 2) False Question 12 (2 points) Physical distribution firms that help the company stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destinations are considered to be marketing intermediaries. Question 12 options: 1) True 2) False Question 13 (2 points) Which statement is true regarding social class in the United States? Question 13 options: 1) Social class is determined primarily by income level 2) Lines between social classes in the United States are fixed and rigid 3) Social classes show distinct product preferences in clothing and automobiles 4) Wealth is more critical than education level in measuring social class 5) People are relegated to a permanent class layer in the United States Question 14 (2 points) Marketers must be careful to guard against stereotypes when using age and life-cycle segmentation. Question 14 options: 1) True 2) False Question 15 (2 points) Which of the following is an example of horizontal conflict in the distribution channel? Question 15 options: 1) a Nike shoe dealer complaining that the shoes provided to the dealer are defective 2) a Ford car dealer complaining that another Ford dealer is overpricing customers for the same car model 3) a FedEx agent complaining that a DHL agent is cutting off its business 4) a Walmart executive complaining to a Pepsi executive for not replenishing stocks 5) a Gucci executive complaining to Gucci's suppliers of delay in shipping consignments Question 16 (2 points) Which of the following exemplifies vertical conflicts that occur in a distribution channel? Question 16 options: 1) conflicts that occur between same levels in the same channel 2) conflicts that occur between different levels of the same channel 3) conflicts that occur between same levels of different channels 4) conflicts that occur between a supplier and a producer 5) conflicts that occur between two suppliers over meeting the demands of a producer Question 17 (2 points) La Viva, a chain of clubs and resorts, is known to be one of most preferred options for consumers seeking hospitality of a good standard. La Viva follows a mission which stresses long-term relationship building. It does not offer customers frequent price discounts which do increase footfalls, but fail to add value to the company. Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens the argument that La Viva uses the relationship-building approach over the transaction-oriented approach? Question 17 options: 1) The sales force at La Viva is trained rigorously in the selling process that begins with the step of prospecting and terminates with the step of follow-through 2) The consumer promotion activities at La Viva are centered around providing customers with a free package during the off-season 3) The largest proportion of customers coming to La Viva are holders of a "Lifetime with La Viva" card or have been referred by satisfied customers 4) The facilities for recreation at La Viva are not significantly greater than its key competitor, Aurora clubs and resorts 5) The managers at La Viva are suffering from a situation that reflects promotion clutter Question 18 (2 points) ________ is the process of evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. Question 18 options: 1) Differentiation 2) Mass marketing 3) Market targeting 4) Market segmentation 5) Positioning Question 19 (2 points) Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. Question 19 options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 (2 points) Penny Bank, a discount retail chain, is highly competitive. When entering a new market, Penny Bank often cuts prices so deeply that it sells below costs, effectively pushing smaller retail stores with less purchasing power out of the market. Penny Bank is at risk of being accused of ________. Question 20 options: 1) market skimming 2) price-fixing 3) predatory pricing 4) deceptive pricing 5) resale price maintenance Question 21 (2 points) Erica Jenson has a limited budget for the market research she needs to conduct; however, the sample size for her research is quite large. Which of the following methods of contact would provide Erica with the most cost-effective way to reach a large sample of potential customers? Question 21 options: 1) telephone surveys 2) personal interviews 3) Internet surveys 4) mail surveys 5) focus group interviews Question 22 (2 points) Jeff Barkins is a conscientious marketing manager. Sometimes, Jeff and his staff are unclear what decisions to make when faced with moral dilemmas. Jeff and other managers could create broad guidelines that everyone in the organization must follow in the form of a ________. Question 22 options: 1) company value statement 2) company mission statement 3) company vision statement 4) corporate marketing ethics policy 5) financial statement Question 23 (2 points) When ProFem Inc. caters to clothing, cosmetics, and toiletries markets for women, it is most likely using which type of segmentation? Question 23 options: 1) age and life-cycle 2) gender 3) behavior 4) psychographic 5) geographic Question 24 (2 points) Selecting particular segments of a population of customers to serve is called ________. Question 24 options: 1) value reengineering 2) brand synchronizing 3) mass customizing 4) target marketing 5) selective administering Question 25 (2 points) During which stage of the business buying process is a buyer most likely to conduct value analysis by carefully studying components to determine if they can be redesigned, standardized, or made less expensive? Question 25 options: 1) general need recognition 2) product specification 3) proposal solicitation 4) order-routine specification 5) performance review Question 26 (2 points) Josie enjoys her work at Futuristic Designs Inc. Her organization understands and anticipates customer needs even better than customers themselves do and creates products and services to meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future. Josie's firm practices ________ marketing. Question 26 options: 1) product concept 2) customer-driving 3) societal 4) donor 5) production concept Question 27 (2 points) Evans and Hills has developed a new line of specialty teas positioned directly against its competitor, Milton Brews. Evans and Hills has pitched its plan to recapture its lost market share on this line of specialty teas and is seeking regular inputs from the test marketing process. To facilitate this process, it is using BuyerScan, a software that generates store-by-store, week-by-week reports on the actual sales of tested products and the impact of in-store and in-home marketing efforts. This scenario illustrates the ________. Question 27 options: 1) traditional test marketing approach 2) just-in-time inventory tracking approach 3) controlled test market approach 4) simulated test approach 5) direct commercialization approach Question 28 (2 points) The concept of ________ holds that a company's marketing should support the best long-run performance of the marketing system. Question 28 options: 1) consumerism 2) global marketing 3) sustainable marketing 4) differential marketing 5) consumer-oriented marketing Question 29 (2 points) A convenience store is most likely to be ________. Question 29 options: 1) operating in commercial centers away from residential hubs 2) stocking a narrow product line with deep assortment 3) carrying a limited line of high-turnover daily needs products 4) charging consumers significantly lower prices than retail stores 5) providing consumers full service in making purchase decisions Question 30 (2 points) Restrictive product standards is an example of ________. Question 30 options: 1) tariffs 2) excise 3) quotas 4) nontariff trade barriers 5) exchange controls Question 31 (2 points) _______ ventures consist of one company collaborating with foreign investors to create a local business in which they share possession and control. Question 31 options: 1) Licensing 2) Direct investment 3) Contract manufacturing 4) Management contracting 5) Joint ownership Question 32 (2 points) Advertainment is an example of a ________ advertising technique. Question 32 options: 1) surrogate 2) public service 3) covert 4) Madison & Mine 5) social Question 33 (2 points) ________ is an example of a virtual world. Question 33 options: 1) Craigslist 2) Facebook 3) Napster 4) Second Life 5) MySpace Question 34 (2 points) Timberland employees get 40 hours paid leave each year to pursue volunteer projects. The company runs a service day that hosts projects in 25 countries, and it supports a nonprofit that brings young people into public service for a year. CEO Jeffrey Swartz sees such service as a powerful differentiator for Timberland with its current and potential customers. Timberland could be most accurately described as practicing ________. Question 34 options: 1) consumerism 2) environmental sustainability 3) sustainability vision 4) innovative marketing 5) sense-of-mission marketing Question 35 (2 points) In the logistics system, minimum distribution costs imply ________. Question 35 options: 1) flexible assortments 2) larger shipping lots 3) rapid delivery 4) large inventories 5) liberal returns policies Question 36 (2 points) McDonald's, Subway, and Pizza Hut are all examples of ________ organizations. Question 36 options: 1) voluntary 2) retailer cooperative 3) franchise 4) no-service 5) corporate chain Question 37 (2 points) In a SWOT analysis, ________ refer to external factors that the company may be able to exploit to its advantage. Question 37 options: 1) strengths 2) strategies 3) weaknesses 4) opportunities 5) controls Question 38 (2 points) Newspapers, as a medium of advertising, provide poor local market coverage. Question 38 options: 1). True 2). False Question 39 (2 points) Several companies, some of them operating through the Internet, offer "paycheck advances." Consumers are encouraged to take out a loan against a paycheck they expect to receive in the near future. These short-term loans with high-interest rates, and high penalties for late payments, are often marketed to consumers who do not have traditional bank accounts. These companies could most easily be criticized for which of the following? Question 39 options: 1). shoddy products 2). poorly serving disadvantaged consumers 3). high-pressure selling 4). high advertising and promotion costs 5). predatory pricing Question 40 (2 points) In evaluating different market segments, a firm must look at three factors: segment size and growth, segment structural attractiveness, and company objectives and resources. Question 40 options: 1) True 2) False Question 41 (2 points) MTV targets the world's teenagers, who have similar needs and buying behaviors even though they are located in different countries. This is called ________ segmentation. Question 41 options: 1). political and legal 2). cross-cultural 3). cultural 4). intermarket 5). individual Question 42 (2 points) "All Needs" is a convenience store that has recently begun to redesign and restock its stores to offer a more upscale environment and products, such as house wines, special types of cheese and fresh foods. "All Needs" has changed product mix and positioning to become a ________. Question 42 options: 1). wholesaler club 2). designer shop 3). factory outlet 4). retailer cooperative 5). supercenter Question 43 (2 points) Crowbar Records used to sell its music, in CDs, through a network of retail outlets, record stores, and music dealers. After the advent of MP3 technology, it decided to shift from using any of these agents and sell its music independently from the company's Web site, using personal mail, and other social networking techniques to inform potential customers about upcoming music and promotions. Which of the following types of marketing systems has Crowbar newly adopted? Question 43 options: 1) administered vertical marketing system 2) contractual vertical marketing system 3) horizontal marketing system 4) direct marketing channel 5) vertical marketing channel Question 44 (2 points) A company or store gains a(n) ________ by differentiating its products and delivering more value. Question 44 options: 1) competitive advantage 2) positioning advantage 3) cost advantage 4) efficiency advantage 5) synergy Question 45 (2 points) The final step in the marketing process is ________. Question 45 options: 1) capturing value from customers 2) constructing an integrated marketing program 3) building profitable relationships with the customers 4) understanding the marketplace 5) designing a customer-driven marketing strategy Question 46 (2 points) Which of the following is true of marketing ROI? Question 46 options: 1) Marketing ROI uses only those marketing effects that are measured in dollar terms 2) Marketing ROI ignores customer-centered measures of marketing impact, such as customer acquisition and retention 3) Marketing ROI is the net return from a marketing investment divided by the profit from the marketing investment 4) Marketing ROI cannot be assessed in terms of standard marketing performance measures, such as brand awareness, sales, or market share 5) Marketing ROI measures the profits generated by investments in marketing activities Question 47 (2 points) Customer markets are considered to be a factor of a manufacturer's microenvironment. Question 47 options: 1) True 2) False Question 48 (2 points) Which of the following is a major disadvantage of direct investment for the domestic company? Question 48 options: 1) The returns are lesser as compared to exporting 2) Generally, the firm finds it difficult to develop a deeper relationship with the government or customers 3) The firm eventually loses control over the investment 4) The firm faces many risks such as falling markets or government changes 5) Due to a lack of control, the firm is unable to develop marketing policies that serve its long-term international objectives Question 49 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores carries a deep assortment of goods in each category, has knowledgeable staff, and is often viewed as a very large specialty store? Question 49 options: 1) category killers 2) convenience stores 3) factory outlets 4) department stores 5) independent stores Question 50 (2 points) A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the maker or seller of a product or service. Question 50 options: 1) True 2) False Question 51 (2 points) Compared to standardized global marketing, adapted global marketing ________. Question 51 options: 1) uses the same marketing mix elements to target markets 2) involves reduced costs 3) produces a larger market share 4) maintains uniformity across all markets 5) results in lower returns Question 52 (2 points) Sales promotion tools used to persuade resellers to carry a brand, give it shelf space, promote it in advertising, and push it to consumers are collectively called ________ promotion. Question 52 options: 1) consumer 2) point-of-purchase 3) sales force 4) trade 5) business Question 53 (2 points) The maturity stage of the PLC is characterized by a slowdown in sales growth. Question 53 options: 1) True 2) False Question 54 (2 points) In the second step of the marketing research process, a ________ is developed. Question 54 options: 1) research problem 2) research plan 3) research report 4) research rationale 5) research objective Question 55 (2 points) Which of the following is true of a vertical marketing system? Question 55 options: 1) It occurs when two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity 2) It occurs when a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments 3) It does not give overall power to any one member in the channel 4) It has each channel member acting as a separate business unit trying to maximize its own profits 5) It has one channel member owning all the other channel members, or has contracts with all other channel members Question 56 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores usually carries more specialty goods for which customers like to be "waited on" and have much higher operating costs that are passed along to the customer? Question 56 options: 1) self-service stores 2) convenience stores 3) full-service stores 4) discount stores 5) off-price stores Question 57 (2 points) ________ is the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. Question 57 options: 1) Test marketing 2) Marketing research 3) Commercialization 4) Integrated marketing 5) Exclusive distribution Question 58 (2 points) A(n) ________ marketing system is a marketing system in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through binding agreements. Question 58 options: 1) corporate vertical 2) horizontal 3) contractual vertical 4) administered vertical 5) direct Question 59 (2 points) The business buying process tends to be longer and more formalized than the consumer buying process. Question 59 options: 1) True 2) False Question 60 (2 points) Freight-absorption pricing is used for market skimming and to hold on to monopolistic markets. Question 60 options: 1) True 2) False Question 61 (2 points) When pursuing a market penetration strategy, a company aims to improve sales by ________. Question 61 options: 1) entering a new market in addition to its current market 2) introducing a new variant of its product in a new market 3) increasing distribution efforts in its current market 4) introducing its product in a new market without making any changes to the product 5) selling a new product in its current market Question 62 (2 points) Facebook and Twitter are examples of ________. Question 62 options: 1) buzz marketing 2) telepresence technology 3) social networks 4) virtual worlds 5) online marketplaces Question 63 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the Clayton Act? Question 63 options: 1) It authorizes the FTC to determine rules and regulations for consumer warranties and provides consumer access to redress 2) It protects and regulates distinctive brand names and trademarks 3) It establishes the Consumer Product Safety Commission and authorizes it to set safety standards for consumer products 4) It supplements the Sherman Act by prohibiting certain types of price discrimination, exclusive dealing, and tying clauses 5) It establishes the Environmental Protection Agency and authorizes it to set a national policy on the environment Question 64 (2 points) Salespeople write up their completed activities in the ________. Question 64 options: 1) technical support reports 2) expense reports 3) investment returns reports 4) call reports 5) customer surveys Question 65 (2 points) Dextora Technologies manufactures microprocessors and caters exclusively to companies that produce high-end computers. Which of the following types of markets does Dextora target in this scenario? Question 65 options: 1) retail markets 2) government markets 3) consumer markets 4) business markets 5) reseller markets Question 66 (2 points) _______ marketing tailors brands and promotions to the needs and wants of specific cities, neighborhoods, and even stores. Question 66 options: 1) One-to-one 2) Mass 3) Niche 4) Local 5) Variable Question 67 (2 points) The paint used to paint an office is an example of an industrial product that is most likely to fall in the category of ________. Question 67 options: 1) materials and parts 2) augmented products 3) capital items 4) shopping products 5) supplies and services Question 68 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the different demographics in the U.S.? Question 68 options: 1) There is an increase in the telecommuting workforce 2) There is a decrease in the number of married women in the workforce 3) There is a decrease in the educational levels in the U.S. population 4) There is a decrease in the number of people migrating to suburbs 5) There is a steep rise in jobs in the manufacturing industry Question 69 (2 points) ________ products are distributed exclusively in only one or a few outlets per market area and they have unique characteristics or brand identification. Question 69 options: 1) Unsought 2) Tertiary 3) Transactional 4) Convenience 5) Specialty Question 70 (2 points) The rapid increase in people telecommuting has increased the SOHO market in the United States. Question 70 options: 1) True 2) False Question 71 (2 points) An emerging economy is one in which ________. Question 71 options: 1) the country imports large amounts of finished textiles and automobiles 2) the vast majority of people engage in simple agriculture 3) the country is rich in one or more resources but poor in other ways 4) there are very few imports of raw textile materials and steel 5) fast growth in manufacturing results in rapid overall economic growth Question 72 (2 points) Bensons is a specialty store selling the finest home linen made from raw materials imported from Asian countries. Bensons pricing decision would be aimed at low markups on a high volume of products they retail. Question 72 options: 1) True 2) False Save Question 73 (2 points) The dimension of citizen-action publics is most likely to include ________. Question 73 options: 1) company directors and managers 2) stockholders and investment analysts 3) government trade agencies 4) consumer organizations and environmental groups 5) magazines and news channels Question 74 (2 points) When a company makes marketing decisions by considering consumers' wants and interests, the company's requirements, and society's long-run interests, it is practicing ________ marketing. Question 74 options: 1) value 2) societal 3) sense-of-mission 4) consumer-oriented 5) customer-value Question 75 (2 points) Qriosity Inc. comes out with a new antivirus program and prices it at half price to attract buyers. The company is using ________. Question 75 options: 1) marketing-skimming pricing 2) market-penetration pricing 3) value-added pricing 4) reference pricing 5) promotional allowances

SAINT LEO MGT441 MODULE 8 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2016 SAINT LEO MGT441 MODULE 8 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2016 Question Question 1. Many bargaining books are tied to __________ so that answers to “what if” questions can be quickly calculated. annual reports benchmarks spreadsheets industry averages Question 2. Question : Which of the following is a major purpose of a bargaining convention? To announce the outcome of contract negotiations To raise grassroots issues for inclusion in the bargaining agenda To make the management publicly commit itself to certain concessions To create a face-saving exit strategy for the union leadership Question 3. Question : __________ is an example of integrative bargaining in which the parties approach the negotiation with the idea that when it is concluded, both sides will have benefited. Distributive bargaining Mutual-gains bargaining Intraorganizational bargaining Attitudinal structuring Question 4. Question : __________ occurs when the parties disagree on an issue and when its settlement will involve a loss for one party and a gain for the other. Integrative bargaining Mutual-gains bargaining Distributive bargaining Attitudinal structuring Question 5. Question : Which of the following observations is true concerning distributive bargaining? It occurs when employers and unions accommodate each other’s needs without cost. It frequently involves employers’ desires to improve flexibility and unions’ desires for increased job security. It means some resource is in fixed supply, and one party’s gain of that resource is the other party’s loss. It occurs when employers and unions accommodate each other’s needs through simultaneous gains. Question 6. Question : Local unions hold __________ before contract negotiations to help determine local members’ commitment to bargaining issues in case a strike is called. revision meetings counsels membership meetings bargaining conventions Question 7. Question : Why is bargaining required? Because it has historically been a strict legal requirement Because there are no trade-offs involved in the process Because both the parties are facing a win-win situation Because the parties have a conflict of interest on issues that jointly affect them Question 8. Question : Which of the following bargaining units is associated with a high propensity to strike? Southern Urban Female-dominated Younger members Question 9. Question : Which type of strike involves unauthorized work stoppage during the contract? Economic Wildcat Sympathy Unfair labor practice Question 10. Question : Which of the following observations concerning multiple-use site picketing is true? It is easiest to picket a primary employer without disrupting secondary businesses. The struck employer has usually leased the site from another company that owns the multiple-use site. It is easy to legally picket a multiple-use site. The Supreme Court has held that passive picketing to inform the public about a dispute can interfere with other multiple-use sites. Question 11. Question : The propensities to strike are negatively related to __________. family employment stability blue-collar background integrative bargaining views the labor relations climate Question 12. Question : A(n) __________strike is called after a contract expires and usually after there is an impasse to pressure the employer to settle on the union’s terms. economic wildcat sympathy unfair labor practice Question 13. Question : Which of the following is not a result of a shutdown? Highly negative consequences for future labor relations Lost production revenues Competitors gearing up to take over the lost production Possible reduction in the struck company’s market share Question 14. Question : Relatively speaking, in __________ industries, unionized worker quality is lower than that of their nonunion counterparts. manufacturing medical agricultural service Question 15. Question : More recently, companies are likely to have implemented __________ pay programs to support new organizational structures stressing team designs. experience-based skill-based group achievements-based profit-sharing Question 16. Question : Large nonunion firms generally have formalized __________, with clearly communicated and unambiguous promotion criteria emphasizing seniority, skills, as well as development opportunities. career-growth patterns pay-increase scales job-posting systems grievance-addressing systems Question 17. Question : After unionization, employers reduce their historical levels of investment in: newly unionized facilities. new technologies. hiring and retention of employees. employee benefits. Question 18. Question : A study tracking organizing success after passage of the __________ found organized firms had about a 20 percent lower rate of return to shareholders than firms remaining nonunion. McCarran-Ferguson Act Wagner Act Railway Labor Act Taft-Hartley Act Question 19. Question : Propensities to strike were seen to be positively related to __________. strike hardship education seniority pay rate Question 20. Question : If unionization leads to lower shareholder returns, other things being equal, top managers could be expected to try to __________ in their firms, particularly if a substantial proportion of their compensation is in the form of stock options. increase worker motivation decrease high absenteeism reduce unionization introduce stock split option Question 21. Question : Cost-reduction strategies are associated with conflict and __________. the incidence of absenteeism the use of formal grievance procedures collective bargaining informal solution of problems Question 22. Question : According to a study, __________ programs produced better results than programs run only by management, which were not better than having no program. collaborative cooperative adversarial not-for-profit Question 23. Question : The organizational restructuring that began in the 1980s has been increasingly __________. hierarchy-oriented team-oriented employer-oriented individual-oriented Question 24. Question : Which of the following has a negative effect on performance? Extensive collaboration between management and labor Implementing product differentiation Acquiring new nonunion plants Deunionizing activity in any existing plant. Question 25. Question : Which of the following is associated with reduced productivity gains? Top union leader participation Technology changes Larger proportion of women in the workforce Subcontracting Question 26. Question : Which of the following is true about gainsharing plans? The adoption of gainsharing plans is often followed by the suspension of productivity-related bonuses for employees. Gainsharing plans tie periodic bonuses to labor productivity improvements. The adoption of gainsharing plans is associated with greater ability and inclination of a firm to design frequent restructuring programs. The employer is the actual and sole beneficiary of gainsharing plans. Question 27. Question : Employee involvement (EI) programs have three components: improving climate, generating commitment, and __________. diversifying skills complying with management directives generating profit implementing change Question 28. Question : __________ cover(s) disputes that occur over which job classification is entitled to perform certain work. Incentives Work assignment Discipline Working conditions Question 29. Question : When a grievance is unresolved even after presenting it to the industrial representative, the parties submit the dispute to a(n) __________ who hears evidence from both sides and renders an award. international union representative arbitrator mediator union steward Question 30. Question : __________ is a form of subcontracting. Work assignment Outsourcing Arbitration Fractional bargaining Question 31. Question : Which is the area in which employees might be justified in unilaterally refusing a work assignment they have a valid reason to believe could lead to injury? Work schedules Working conditions Individual personnel assignments Production standards Question 32. Question : Which of the following is true of grievance mediation? It typically allows the parties to uncover and deal with the real reason for the conflict. It tends to increase the likelihood of settlements at lower levels. It tends to shift the focus from a problem-solving mode toward a “rights” (who wins) orientation. It is typically used for discharge grievances and those involving financial claims of more than $5,000. Question 33. Question : Satisfaction with outcomes of the grievance procedure was negatively related to __________. issue importance union success rate size of the unit resolution rate Question 34. Question : __________ grievances most often concern promotions, layoffs, transfers, and shift assignments. Discipline Incentive based Working condition Personnel assignment Question 35. Question : Which of the following observations concerning the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) is true? The arbitrators whose names appear in the roster of FMCS are FMCS employees. FMCS arbitrators are private practitioners. FMCS provides reporting or facilities assistance. Unlike the AAA, FMCS does not provide panels. Question 36. Question : In arbitration cases, authoritarian approaches are more often applied for which of the following? Absenteeism Incompetence Dishonesty Alcohol use Question 37. Question : Which form of evidence is information specifically tying a person to a situation? Circumstantial evidence Direct evidence External evidence Subjective evidence Question 38. Question : Rules of evidence in arbitration are more __________ than those in courts of law. discretionary elective liberal binding Question 39. Question : Which of the following facilitates the entry of new arbitrators because relatively simple and straightforward cases are generally handled in this way? Expedited arbitration Mediation Formal arbitration Expert determination Question 40. Question : Which of the following situations consolidates the relevance of an evidence? If the evidence is based on hearsay If the evidence addresses a separate issue than that which is pertinent If the evidence is based on unverifiable facts If the evidence is material Question 41. Question : What are the three basic protections for arbitration laid down by the Supreme Court in the Steelworkers’ trilogy? Question 42. Question : Explain decertifications, their implications, and their influence. Question 43. Question : What are area-wide labor-management committees (AWLMCs)? List their major activities. What is the primary assumption behind the creation of AWLMCs? Question 44. Question : What is a bargaining book?

Clarion MKTG360 final exam Question 1 (2 points) Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of viral marketing? Question 1 options: 1) The costs of viral marketing are too high for most companies. 2) The brand associated with the viral message is usually forgotten. 3) Marketers have little control over who receives the viral message. 4) Viral messages are less likely to be viewed than other types of online promotions. 5) Viral messages are blocked by most search engines. Question 2 (2 points) In CRM, findings about customers discovered through ________ techniques often lead to marketing opportunities. Question 2 options: 1) value marketing 2) data mining 3) test marketing 4) neuromarketing 5) serial processing Save Question 3 (2 points) It is most accurate to say that successful niche marketing relies on a firm's ___ and its ____. Question 3 options: 1) marketing strategy; services 2) individual relationships with customers; positioning 3) superior products; value network partners 4) greater knowledge of customers' needs; special reputation 5) competitive advantage in comparison to mass-market companies; affordable pricing Question 4 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the U.S. age demographics? Question 4 options: 1) The Millennial generation accounts for nearly half of all the discretionary consumer spending in the U.S 2) The Generation Xers are the most educated section of the population 3) The baby boomers are the poorest segment of the population 4) The Generation Xers form the largest segment of the population 5) The Millennials are the most financially secure segment of the population Question 5 (2 points) As a result of the great success of corporate chains, many independent stores chose to band together in one of two forms of contractual associations: a voluntary chain or a(n) ________. Question 5 options: factory outlet retailer cooperative independent off-price retailer warehouse club value retail center Question 6 (2 points) Companies can build customer relationships at many levels, depending on the nature of the target market. Hence, a company with few customers and high margins is most likely to seek to develop ________ with key customers. Question 6 options: 1) full partnerships 2) basic relationships 3) selective relationships 4) categorical partnerships 5) community relationships Question 7 (2 points) The Zavyr Corporation, a manufacturer of electronics products, is planning to release a new product into the market. They are hoping to tap into a new market of commercial tracking devices. The product to be released, FindIt, is unlike previous tracking devices in that it is virtually unnoticeable and cheap. But FindIt will primarily only help to find objects lost within a living space, as it has a low frequency detection range. Which of the following kinds of techniques would suit the Zavyr Corporation for advertising FindIt? Question 7 options: 1) informative advertising 2) reminder advertising 3) classified advertising 4) comparative advertising 5) personalized advertising Question 8 (2 points) A company that allows consumers to use monthly installment plans for buyers to pay for products is using the promotional tool of ________. Question 8 options: direct marketing public relations advertising personal selling sales promotion Question 9 (2 points) Reseller markets involve ________. Question 9 options: government agencies that buy goods and services to produce public services individuals who buy goods and services for personal consumption firms that buy goods and services for further processing in their production processes firms that buy goods and services and then sell them at a profit Question 10 (2 points) New-product development starts with the step of ________. Question 10 options: idea generation idea screening concept development concept testing test marketing Question 11 (2 points) In selective distribution, producers purposely limit the number of intermediaries handling their products. Question 11 options: 1) True 2) False Question 12 (2 points) Physical distribution firms that help the company stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destinations are considered to be marketing intermediaries. Question 12 options: 1) True 2) False Question 13 (2 points) Which statement is true regarding social class in the United States? Question 13 options: 1) Social class is determined primarily by income level 2) Lines between social classes in the United States are fixed and rigid 3) Social classes show distinct product preferences in clothing and automobiles 4) Wealth is more critical than education level in measuring social class 5) People are relegated to a permanent class layer in the United States Question 14 (2 points) Marketers must be careful to guard against stereotypes when using age and life-cycle segmentation. Question 14 options: 1) True 2) False Question 15 (2 points) Which of the following is an example of horizontal conflict in the distribution channel? Question 15 options: 1) a Nike shoe dealer complaining that the shoes provided to the dealer are defective 2) a Ford car dealer complaining that another Ford dealer is overpricing customers for the same car model 3) a FedEx agent complaining that a DHL agent is cutting off its business 4) a Walmart executive complaining to a Pepsi executive for not replenishing stocks 5) a Gucci executive complaining to Gucci's suppliers of delay in shipping consignments Question 16 (2 points) Which of the following exemplifies vertical conflicts that occur in a distribution channel? Question 16 options: 1) conflicts that occur between same levels in the same channel 2) conflicts that occur between different levels of the same channel 3) conflicts that occur between same levels of different channels 4) conflicts that occur between a supplier and a producer 5) conflicts that occur between two suppliers over meeting the demands of a producer Question 17 (2 points) La Viva, a chain of clubs and resorts, is known to be one of most preferred options for consumers seeking hospitality of a good standard. La Viva follows a mission which stresses long-term relationship building. It does not offer customers frequent price discounts which do increase footfalls, but fail to add value to the company. Which of the following statements, if true, strengthens the argument that La Viva uses the relationship-building approach over the transaction-oriented approach? Question 17 options: 1) The sales force at La Viva is trained rigorously in the selling process that begins with the step of prospecting and terminates with the step of follow-through 2) The consumer promotion activities at La Viva are centered around providing customers with a free package during the off-season 3) The largest proportion of customers coming to La Viva are holders of a "Lifetime with La Viva" card or have been referred by satisfied customers 4) The facilities for recreation at La Viva are not significantly greater than its key competitor, Aurora clubs and resorts 5) The managers at La Viva are suffering from a situation that reflects promotion clutter Question 18 (2 points) ________ is the process of evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. Question 18 options: 1) Differentiation 2) Mass marketing 3) Market targeting 4) Market segmentation 5) Positioning Question 19 (2 points) Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. Question 19 options: 1) True 2) False Question 20 (2 points) Penny Bank, a discount retail chain, is highly competitive. When entering a new market, Penny Bank often cuts prices so deeply that it sells below costs, effectively pushing smaller retail stores with less purchasing power out of the market. Penny Bank is at risk of being accused of ________. Question 20 options: 1) market skimming 2) price-fixing 3) predatory pricing 4) deceptive pricing 5) resale price maintenance Question 21 (2 points) Erica Jenson has a limited budget for the market research she needs to conduct; however, the sample size for her research is quite large. Which of the following methods of contact would provide Erica with the most cost-effective way to reach a large sample of potential customers? Question 21 options: 1) telephone surveys 2) personal interviews 3) Internet surveys 4) mail surveys 5) focus group interviews Question 22 (2 points) Jeff Barkins is a conscientious marketing manager. Sometimes, Jeff and his staff are unclear what decisions to make when faced with moral dilemmas. Jeff and other managers could create broad guidelines that everyone in the organization must follow in the form of a ________. Question 22 options: 1) company value statement 2) company mission statement 3) company vision statement 4) corporate marketing ethics policy 5) financial statement Question 23 (2 points) When ProFem Inc. caters to clothing, cosmetics, and toiletries markets for women, it is most likely using which type of segmentation? Question 23 options: 1) age and life-cycle 2) gender 3) behavior 4) psychographic 5) geographic Question 24 (2 points) Selecting particular segments of a population of customers to serve is called ________. Question 24 options: 1) value reengineering 2) brand synchronizing 3) mass customizing 4) target marketing 5) selective administering Question 25 (2 points) During which stage of the business buying process is a buyer most likely to conduct value analysis by carefully studying components to determine if they can be redesigned, standardized, or made less expensive? Question 25 options: 1) general need recognition 2) product specification 3) proposal solicitation 4) order-routine specification 5) performance review Question 26 (2 points) Josie enjoys her work at Futuristic Designs Inc. Her organization understands and anticipates customer needs even better than customers themselves do and creates products and services to meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future. Josie's firm practices ________ marketing. Question 26 options: 1) product concept 2) customer-driving 3) societal 4) donor 5) production concept Question 27 (2 points) Evans and Hills has developed a new line of specialty teas positioned directly against its competitor, Milton Brews. Evans and Hills has pitched its plan to recapture its lost market share on this line of specialty teas and is seeking regular inputs from the test marketing process. To facilitate this process, it is using BuyerScan, a software that generates store-by-store, week-by-week reports on the actual sales of tested products and the impact of in-store and in-home marketing efforts. This scenario illustrates the ________. Question 27 options: 1) traditional test marketing approach 2) just-in-time inventory tracking approach 3) controlled test market approach 4) simulated test approach 5) direct commercialization approach Question 28 (2 points) The concept of ________ holds that a company's marketing should support the best long-run performance of the marketing system. Question 28 options: 1) consumerism 2) global marketing 3) sustainable marketing 4) differential marketing 5) consumer-oriented marketing Question 29 (2 points) A convenience store is most likely to be ________. Question 29 options: 1) operating in commercial centers away from residential hubs 2) stocking a narrow product line with deep assortment 3) carrying a limited line of high-turnover daily needs products 4) charging consumers significantly lower prices than retail stores 5) providing consumers full service in making purchase decisions Question 30 (2 points) Restrictive product standards is an example of ________. Question 30 options: 1) tariffs 2) excise 3) quotas 4) nontariff trade barriers 5) exchange controls Question 31 (2 points) _______ ventures consist of one company collaborating with foreign investors to create a local business in which they share possession and control. Question 31 options: 1) Licensing 2) Direct investment 3) Contract manufacturing 4) Management contracting 5) Joint ownership Question 32 (2 points) Advertainment is an example of a ________ advertising technique. Question 32 options: 1) surrogate 2) public service 3) covert 4) Madison & Mine 5) social Question 33 (2 points) ________ is an example of a virtual world. Question 33 options: 1) Craigslist 2) Facebook 3) Napster 4) Second Life 5) MySpace Question 34 (2 points) Timberland employees get 40 hours paid leave each year to pursue volunteer projects. The company runs a service day that hosts projects in 25 countries, and it supports a nonprofit that brings young people into public service for a year. CEO Jeffrey Swartz sees such service as a powerful differentiator for Timberland with its current and potential customers. Timberland could be most accurately described as practicing ________. Question 34 options: 1) consumerism 2) environmental sustainability 3) sustainability vision 4) innovative marketing 5) sense-of-mission marketing Question 35 (2 points) In the logistics system, minimum distribution costs imply ________. Question 35 options: 1) flexible assortments 2) larger shipping lots 3) rapid delivery 4) large inventories 5) liberal returns policies Question 36 (2 points) McDonald's, Subway, and Pizza Hut are all examples of ________ organizations. Question 36 options: 1) voluntary 2) retailer cooperative 3) franchise 4) no-service 5) corporate chain Question 37 (2 points) In a SWOT analysis, ________ refer to external factors that the company may be able to exploit to its advantage. Question 37 options: 1) strengths 2) strategies 3) weaknesses 4) opportunities 5) controls Question 38 (2 points) Newspapers, as a medium of advertising, provide poor local market coverage. Question 38 options: 1). True 2). False Question 39 (2 points) Several companies, some of them operating through the Internet, offer "paycheck advances." Consumers are encouraged to take out a loan against a paycheck they expect to receive in the near future. These short-term loans with high-interest rates, and high penalties for late payments, are often marketed to consumers who do not have traditional bank accounts. These companies could most easily be criticized for which of the following? Question 39 options: 1). shoddy products 2). poorly serving disadvantaged consumers 3). high-pressure selling 4). high advertising and promotion costs 5). predatory pricing Question 40 (2 points) In evaluating different market segments, a firm must look at three factors: segment size and growth, segment structural attractiveness, and company objectives and resources. Question 40 options: 1) True 2) False Question 41 (2 points) MTV targets the world's teenagers, who have similar needs and buying behaviors even though they are located in different countries. This is called ________ segmentation. Question 41 options: 1). political and legal 2). cross-cultural 3). cultural 4). intermarket 5). individual Question 42 (2 points) "All Needs" is a convenience store that has recently begun to redesign and restock its stores to offer a more upscale environment and products, such as house wines, special types of cheese and fresh foods. "All Needs" has changed product mix and positioning to become a ________. Question 42 options: 1). wholesaler club 2). designer shop 3). factory outlet 4). retailer cooperative 5). supercenter Question 43 (2 points) Crowbar Records used to sell its music, in CDs, through a network of retail outlets, record stores, and music dealers. After the advent of MP3 technology, it decided to shift from using any of these agents and sell its music independently from the company's Web site, using personal mail, and other social networking techniques to inform potential customers about upcoming music and promotions. Which of the following types of marketing systems has Crowbar newly adopted? Question 43 options: 1) administered vertical marketing system 2) contractual vertical marketing system 3) horizontal marketing system 4) direct marketing channel 5) vertical marketing channel Question 44 (2 points) A company or store gains a(n) ________ by differentiating its products and delivering more value. Question 44 options: 1) competitive advantage 2) positioning advantage 3) cost advantage 4) efficiency advantage 5) synergy Question 45 (2 points) The final step in the marketing process is ________. Question 45 options: 1) capturing value from customers 2) constructing an integrated marketing program 3) building profitable relationships with the customers 4) understanding the marketplace 5) designing a customer-driven marketing strategy Question 46 (2 points) Which of the following is true of marketing ROI? Question 46 options: 1) Marketing ROI uses only those marketing effects that are measured in dollar terms 2) Marketing ROI ignores customer-centered measures of marketing impact, such as customer acquisition and retention 3) Marketing ROI is the net return from a marketing investment divided by the profit from the marketing investment 4) Marketing ROI cannot be assessed in terms of standard marketing performance measures, such as brand awareness, sales, or market share 5) Marketing ROI measures the profits generated by investments in marketing activities Question 47 (2 points) Customer markets are considered to be a factor of a manufacturer's microenvironment. Question 47 options: 1) True 2) False Question 48 (2 points) Which of the following is a major disadvantage of direct investment for the domestic company? Question 48 options: 1) The returns are lesser as compared to exporting 2) Generally, the firm finds it difficult to develop a deeper relationship with the government or customers 3) The firm eventually loses control over the investment 4) The firm faces many risks such as falling markets or government changes 5) Due to a lack of control, the firm is unable to develop marketing policies that serve its long-term international objectives Question 49 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores carries a deep assortment of goods in each category, has knowledgeable staff, and is often viewed as a very large specialty store? Question 49 options: 1) category killers 2) convenience stores 3) factory outlets 4) department stores 5) independent stores Question 50 (2 points) A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the maker or seller of a product or service. Question 50 options: 1) True 2) False Question 51 (2 points) Compared to standardized global marketing, adapted global marketing ________. Question 51 options: 1) uses the same marketing mix elements to target markets 2) involves reduced costs 3) produces a larger market share 4) maintains uniformity across all markets 5) results in lower returns Question 52 (2 points) Sales promotion tools used to persuade resellers to carry a brand, give it shelf space, promote it in advertising, and push it to consumers are collectively called ________ promotion. Question 52 options: 1) consumer 2) point-of-purchase 3) sales force 4) trade 5) business Question 53 (2 points) The maturity stage of the PLC is characterized by a slowdown in sales growth. Question 53 options: 1) True 2) False Question 54 (2 points) In the second step of the marketing research process, a ________ is developed. Question 54 options: 1) research problem 2) research plan 3) research report 4) research rationale 5) research objective Question 55 (2 points) Which of the following is true of a vertical marketing system? Question 55 options: 1) It occurs when two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity 2) It occurs when a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments 3) It does not give overall power to any one member in the channel 4) It has each channel member acting as a separate business unit trying to maximize its own profits 5) It has one channel member owning all the other channel members, or has contracts with all other channel members Question 56 (2 points) Which of the following types of stores usually carries more specialty goods for which customers like to be "waited on" and have much higher operating costs that are passed along to the customer? Question 56 options: 1) self-service stores 2) convenience stores 3) full-service stores 4) discount stores 5) off-price stores Question 57 (2 points) ________ is the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. Question 57 options: 1) Test marketing 2) Marketing research 3) Commercialization 4) Integrated marketing 5) Exclusive distribution Question 58 (2 points) A(n) ________ marketing system is a marketing system in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through binding agreements. Question 58 options: 1) corporate vertical 2) horizontal 3) contractual vertical 4) administered vertical 5) direct Question 59 (2 points) The business buying process tends to be longer and more formalized than the consumer buying process. Question 59 options: 1) True 2) False Question 60 (2 points) Freight-absorption pricing is used for market skimming and to hold on to monopolistic markets. Question 60 options: 1) True 2) False Question 61 (2 points) When pursuing a market penetration strategy, a company aims to improve sales by ________. Question 61 options: 1) entering a new market in addition to its current market 2) introducing a new variant of its product in a new market 3) increasing distribution efforts in its current market 4) introducing its product in a new market without making any changes to the product 5) selling a new product in its current market Question 62 (2 points) Facebook and Twitter are examples of ________. Question 62 options: 1) buzz marketing 2) telepresence technology 3) social networks 4) virtual worlds 5) online marketplaces Question 63 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the Clayton Act? Question 63 options: 1) It authorizes the FTC to determine rules and regulations for consumer warranties and provides consumer access to redress 2) It protects and regulates distinctive brand names and trademarks 3) It establishes the Consumer Product Safety Commission and authorizes it to set safety standards for consumer products 4) It supplements the Sherman Act by prohibiting certain types of price discrimination, exclusive dealing, and tying clauses 5) It establishes the Environmental Protection Agency and authorizes it to set a national policy on the environment Question 64 (2 points) Salespeople write up their completed activities in the ________. Question 64 options: 1) technical support reports 2) expense reports 3) investment returns reports 4) call reports 5) customer surveys Question 65 (2 points) Dextora Technologies manufactures microprocessors and caters exclusively to companies that produce high-end computers. Which of the following types of markets does Dextora target in this scenario? Question 65 options: 1) retail markets 2) government markets 3) consumer markets 4) business markets 5) reseller markets Question 66 (2 points) _______ marketing tailors brands and promotions to the needs and wants of specific cities, neighborhoods, and even stores. Question 66 options: 1) One-to-one 2) Mass 3) Niche 4) Local 5) Variable Question 67 (2 points) The paint used to paint an office is an example of an industrial product that is most likely to fall in the category of ________. Question 67 options: 1) materials and parts 2) augmented products 3) capital items 4) shopping products 5) supplies and services Question 68 (2 points) Which of the following is true of the different demographics in the U.S.? Question 68 options: 1) There is an increase in the telecommuting workforce 2) There is a decrease in the number of married women in the workforce 3) There is a decrease in the educational levels in the U.S. population 4) There is a decrease in the number of people migrating to suburbs 5) There is a steep rise in jobs in the manufacturing industry Question 69 (2 points) ________ products are distributed exclusively in only one or a few outlets per market area and they have unique characteristics or brand identification. Question 69 options: 1) Unsought 2) Tertiary 3) Transactional 4) Convenience 5) Specialty Question 70 (2 points) The rapid increase in people telecommuting has increased the SOHO market in the United States. Question 70 options: 1) True 2) False Question 71 (2 points) An emerging economy is one in which ________. Question 71 options: 1) the country imports large amounts of finished textiles and automobiles 2) the vast majority of people engage in simple agriculture 3) the country is rich in one or more resources but poor in other ways 4) there are very few imports of raw textile materials and steel 5) fast growth in manufacturing results in rapid overall economic growth Question 72 (2 points) Bensons is a specialty store selling the finest home linen made from raw materials imported from Asian countries. Bensons pricing decision would be aimed at low markups on a high volume of products they retail. Question 72 options: 1) True 2) False Save Question 73 (2 points) The dimension of citizen-action publics is most likely to include ________. Question 73 options: 1) company directors and managers 2) stockholders and investment analysts 3) government trade agencies 4) consumer organizations and environmental groups 5) magazines and news channels Question 74 (2 points) When a company makes marketing decisions by considering consumers' wants and interests, the company's requirements, and society's long-run interests, it is practicing ________ marketing. Question 74 options: 1) value 2) societal 3) sense-of-mission 4) consumer-oriented 5) customer-value Question 75 (2 points) Qriosity Inc. comes out with a new antivirus program and prices it at half price to attract buyers. The company is using ________. Question 75 options: 1) marketing-skimming pricing 2) market-penetration pricing 3) value-added pricing 4) reference pricing 5) promotional allowances

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Overview on human respiratory and circulation system, as well as a comparison to avian respiratory systems.