NURS 6550 FINAL EXAM / NURS6550 FINAL EXAM – WALDEN UNIVERSITY NURS 6550 FINAL EXAM (LATEST)– WALDEN UNIVERSITY Question A 21-year-old woman requests hormonal emergency contraception after a condom break during intercourse approximately 16 hours ago. Today is day 14 of her normally 27–29 day menstrual cycle. You advise her that: Likelihood of conception is minimal and emergency contraception use is not advised Hormonal emergency contraception can be effective up to 5 days after intercourse When taken as advised, hormonal emergency contraception use reduces the risk of pregnancy by up to 65% The most likely mechanism of action of hormonal emergency contraceptive is as an abortifacient Question A 36-year-old man is hospitalized for alcohol poisoning. During follow-up evaluation the next day, he denies that he has a drinking problem. The best approach to assess for possible alcoholism is conducting which of the following questionnaires? BDI. HEADDS. CAGE. PHQ-9. Question A quality improvement plan characterized by limiting variability and removing defects in a process best describes: Six Sigma. Continuous Quality Improvement. Total Quality Management. Healthcare Stewardship. Question A 38-year-old woman comes to the emergency department complaining of a rapid heartbeat, tremors, and chest tightness. She reports earlier in the day she was feeling a migraine starting so she took a pill given to her by her friend who also experiences migraines. Her medical history reveals that she is currently taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression. Which migraine medication did she most likely take? Acetaminophen and caffeine (Excedrin ® Migraine) Naproxen sodium (Aleve ® ) Almotriptan (Axert ® ) Butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine (Fioricet ® ) Question All of the following are elements of malpractice except: A duty of care to the patient. A fee is charged for the healthcare services related to the malpractice claim. Breach of the standard of care. Injury. Question You are seeing a 68-year-old woman for treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). She has well-controlled hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia and takes an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), statin, biguanide, and low-dose aspirin (ASA). She worked in a dry cleaning facility until approximately 8 years ago. During her evaluation, she mentions that she sometimes has difficulty understanding conversation, especially in noisy environments. This is likely a: Drug-related reaction. Consequence of occupational chemical exposure. Early sign of dementia. Normal age-related change in hearing Question While evaluating a 33-year-old female with a 2-day history of dysuria, which of the following findings in urinalysis is most suggestive of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by a Gram-negative organism? Nitrites 30 mg/dL protein Epithelial cells pH>8 Question All of the following are examples of primary prevention strategies except: Counseling an elderly patient prior to discharge about fall risk at home and how to prevent falls through adequate illumination. Performing a hemoglobin A1C for all patients admitted to the hospital. Conducting a study to identify the leading cause of mortality in teenagers and how to reduce risk. Immunizing all adults ≥60 years with zoster vaccine. Question A 23-year-old woman is being evaluated for an upper respiratory tract infection. As you prepare for auscultation, the patient states “I have a benign murmur that has been with me my whole life”. Anticipating a physiologic murmur, you would expect which of the following characteristics? Usually obliterates S2. Becomes softer when going from a supine to standing position. Occurs late in systole. Has localized area of auscultation Question When evaluating the value of a test, the proportion of negative results that are truly negative best describes: Positive predictive value. Negative predictive value. Sensitivity. Specificity. Question A 16-year-old male presents for evaluation after a syncopal episode at school. He reports that he has recently been experiencing bouts of lightheadedness. His blood pressure is 126/76 mm Hg and his BMI=33 kg/m 2 . You notice velvet-like plaques at the nape of the neck. Laboratory assessment should include which of the following tests? Hemoglobin A1c Serum electrolytes ALT/AST Hemogram Question The NP is called to treat a 43-year-old woman for multiple contusions following a domestic violence attack. The NP realizes that one of the best predictors of a subsequent homicide of victims of domestic violence is: History of alcohol/drug abuse by perpetrator. Access to kitchen knives by the perpetrator. History of perpetrator attempting to strangle the victim. Issuance of a restraining order by the victim. Question A 48-year-old woman is being evaluated with chief complaints of fatigue, weakness, lethargy, and decreased concentration. She also mentions a notable increase in facial hair over the past 6 months as well as unexplained weight gain (about 25 lbs [11.3 kg]) over the past 2 months. Her past medical history is notable for moderate persistent asthma with multiple exacerbations over the past 8 months requiring treatment with prednisone. The most likely diagnosis is: Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hashimoto thyroiditis. Cushing’s syndrome. Addison’s disease. Question You see a 73-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who presents with an ulcer on the sole of her left foot. The ulcer has an irregular edge and pale base and a punched out appearance, with the surrounding skin white and shiny. The patient states that the pain is worse at night in bed and when the legs are elevated. The most likely diagnosis is: Pressure ulcer Pyoderma gangrenosum Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Question In evaluating a 62-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and mitral incompetency, you expect to find the murmur that is: Localized systolic. Diastolic with radiation to the neck. Diastolic with little radiation. Systolic with radiation to the axillae. Question 21-year-old camp counselor presents for evaluation with a chief complaint of generalized itchiness. He has just returned after a week of summer camp. Physical examination reveals excoriated papules along his axillary folds and at the belt line. The NP suspects scabies and prescribes permethrin (Elimite ® ) lotion. In counseling the patient on the use of permethrin, the NP mentions that: Its use is associated with neurotoxicity risk. Itch often persists for a few weeks after successful treatment. A marked reduction in lesions is noted within 48 hours. The medication should be rinsed off within 2 hours of application. Question You see a 76-year-old woman living at home who is accompanied by her home care provider. She has COPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An example of a secondary prevention strategy is: Administering the seasonal influenza vaccine. Screening for physical or financial abuse/Checking her blood glucose level. Checking her blood pressure. Adjusting her insulin dosing regimen. Question A 43-year-old woman is being evaluated in the emergency department with a complaint of a severe headache. She describes a unilateral, pulsing headache that was preceded by a gradual onset of paresthesia affecting the ipsilateral face and arm. The patient stated she noticed a “funny smell” prior to the symptoms starting. This description is most typical of: Migraine with aura. Cluster headache. Transient ischemic attack. Tension-type headache. Question A 20-year-old college student living in a campus dormitory has been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. The NP decides to speak with the university health officials and inform them that: There is little to no risk of spread of the disease to other individuals. Only intimate partners are at risk for infection. Individuals with household-type or more intimate contact are at risk for infection. All individuals on campus can be considered to be at risk for infection. Question You see a 54-year-old man living in subsidized housing with a history of hypertension. He states that he stopped taking his blood pressure medication about 4 months ago because of costs. He is concerned because his blood pressure is high whenever he checks it, though he does not report any symptoms. His BP at this visit is 196/104 mm Hg. Upon examination of this patient, you would expect to detect an S 4 sound heard during: Early systole. Late systole. Early diastole. Late diastole. Question 32-year-old man requires evaluation for hepatitis infection prior to taking a job as a restaurant cook. He presents with the following laboratory results: Hepatitis A Panel Hepatitis B Panel Hepatitis C Panel Anti-HAV Negative HBsAg Negative Anti-HCV Positive IgM Negative Anti-HBc Negative HCV RNA Negative IgM Negative Anti-HBs Positive You recognize the patient is susceptible to: Hepatitis A and B Hepatitis B and C Hepatitis B only Hepatitis A only Question When evaluating illness symptoms in older patients, the disease will often present differently from younger adults due to: The likelihood of polypharmacy. Decreased compensatory mechanisms in the elderly. An increased physiologic response to illness in the elderly. Presence of comorbid conditions. Question When prioritizing risk factors for bacterial endocarditis, the nurse practitioner knows who among the following patients has the highest risk. A 55-year-old man with 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafts with stents. A 23-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse without tissue redundancy. A 65-year-old man with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. A 75-year-old woman with a nonorganic prosthetic aortic valve. Question The legal authority for NPs to perform healthcare services as defined by state law is called: Duty of care. Non-malfeasance. Autonomy. Scope of practice. Question A patient who was seen for an upper respiratory tract infection has an abnormal blood test result and requires a follow-up visit. The patient repeatedly fails to show up for the follow-up visit. Which of the following is the best approach to inform the patient of the need and urgency for a repeat test? A voicemail or text message. A visit to her home. An e-mail message marked as “urgent”. A certified letter. Question A 26-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of bilateral, intermittent itchy eyes accompanied by rope-like discharge. This is most consistent with conjunctivitis caused by: A virus. Bacteria. Over-exposure to smoke. Allergen. Question When developing a management plan for patients with genitourinary infections, which of the following would you most likely recommend for follow-up imaging following resolution of their infection? A 27-year-old nonpregnant woman with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). A 38-year-old nonpregnant woman with 2 acute, uncomplicated UTIs in the past 9 months. A 57-year-old man with acute bacterial prostatitis. A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent pyelonephritis. Question s. Wang is a 56-year-old female who was seen 2 weeks ago for evaluation of ongoing abdominal discomfort and nausea. Laboratory assessment revealed H. pylori and she was treated for peptic ulcer disease with an appropriate antibiotic/proton-pump inhibitor combination. She returns today and admits to no real change in her symptoms. This suggests that: Treatment was inadequate and a salvage regimen should be used. It is too soon to expect a response and the patient should be reevaluated in four weeks. The patient could have complicated peptic ulcer disease and should be referred for endoscopy. Peptic ulcer disease is likely not the correct diagnosis. Question The NP is called to evaluate Jane, a 43-year-old woman, who presents with a diffuse maculopapular rash that began on the trunk but now covers the entire body, including the palms and soles. The rash is not itchy but wart-like sores are present in the mouth and genital area as well as skin folds. Initial evaluation reveals generalized lymphadenopathy and a low-grade fever, and she complains of lethargy and headache. The patient reports that she had a painless genital ulcer that healed on its own about 3 weeks earlier. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Primary syphilis. Secondary syphilis. Genital herpes. Gonorrhea. Question A 27-year-old man presents with a chief concern of an abnormal mass within his left scrotum. He describes it as feeling like a “bag of worms” and is present when he is standing but disappears when he lies down. His past medical history is unremarkable and his BMI is 29 kg/m 2 . He has been in a monogamous relationship for the past 4months. The most likely diagnosis is: Testicular torsion. Syphilis. Varicocele. Testicular cancer. Question An 18-year-old man is being evaluated for a severe exacerbation of asthma. He is currently taking an inhaled corticosteroid, a long-acting beta-agonist, and a short-acting beta-agonist on an as needed basis. The most important component of the initial assessment includes a(n): Continuous pulse oximetry reading Peak expiratory flow reading Chest X-ray Arterial Blood Gas Question A 67-year-old man is being evaluated for shortness of breath. His medical history reveals that he experienced a myocardial infarction about 2 years ago and a history of hypertension, which is well controlled by diet.. Otherwise, his medical history is unremarkable. Which of the following would you expect to find on electrocardiogram (ECG)? T wave inversion. Pathologic Q wave. ST segment elevation. Tall R wave. Question A 46-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department while experiencing an acute adrenal crisis that presents with abdominal pain, severe vomiting, and low blood pressure. He appears cyanotic and confused. The most appropriate treatment for this patient is an injection of: Insulin. Epinephrine . Hydrocortisone. Antihistamine. Question A 74-year-old male with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation underwent electrical cardioversion that successfully restored the heart’s rhythm. Which of the following medications can be considered for the purpose of maintaining the heart’s rhythm? Sotalol (Betapace ® ) Digoxin (Lanoxin ® ) Dabigatran (Pradaxa ® ) Enalapril (Vasotec ® ) Question In considering the use of an inhaled anticholinergic, such as tiotropium bromide (Spiriva ® ), for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the NP recognizes which of the following is the desired therapeutic action? Mucolytic agent. Bronchodilator. Increases mucociliary clearance. Antihistamine effect. Question A 14-year-old male is brought in for evaluation after he reportedly collapsed during a tennis match, though he quickly regained consciousness. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. You suspect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which of the following heart murmur characteristics would support the diagnosis? Occurs late in systole. Widely split S₂. Becomes louder when going from a supine to standing position. Murmur follows mid-systolic click. Question You see a 64-year-old man with an area of erythema concentrated on the left side of his neck with clusters of vesicles forming a line. He reported pain in the area a couple of days before the eruption of the lesions. He states that he recently initiated biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Impetigo. Herpes zoster. Drug-related adverse reaction. Viral exanthem. Question Gary is a 63-year-old African American male who has been treated for hypertension with ACE inhibitor monotherapy for the past 6 weeks. Despite Gary’s insistence that he is taking his medication as directed, his blood pressure continues to be elevated. Gary mentions that he prefers not having to take multiple medications each day due to cost and convenience. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action? Continue with the current regimen as the full effects are not observed until about 8 weeks of treatment. Add an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) to the regimen. Switch to a beta blocker. Switch to a calcium channel blocker. Question An NP’s duty of care can be established: Only in the setting of a healthcare institution (e.g., hospital, clinic, etc.). When the NP gives professional advice or treatment in any setting. Only when a fee is charged, either to the patient or third-party payer, for services. Only when both the NP and patient acknowledge a patient-provider relationship. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 48-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department after experiencing severe low back pain following an attempt to lift heavy furniture. He also reports a coincident loss of bowel and bladder control. This most likely indicates: Sciatic nerve entrapment Vertebral fracture Cauda equina syndrome Muscular spasm Question A 49-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of burning during urination, a thin and grayish-white vaginal discharge, and vagina itching. On laboratory examination, you expect to find all of the following except: Abundant white blood cells Clue cells Pseudohyphae Alkaline vaginal pH Question The NP is called to evaluate a 34-year-old nonpregnant woman who complains of a 4-week history of anxiety, palpitations, diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, and sensitivity to heat. Her medical history is unremarkable and she is not taking any medications. Physical examination reveals warm, moist skin and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. The NP suspects Graves’ disease. Which of the following laboratory results would best support this diagnosis? Free T₄ =6 pmol/L (NL=10–27 pmol/L). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)=0.05 mU/L (NL=0.15–4.0 mU/L). ESR=37 mm/h (NL <15 mm/h). Total WBC=4,200/mm³, 10% Neutrophils w/ hypersegmentation (NL=6,000–10,000/mm³ , 50%–70% Neutrophils). Question Phyllis is a 34-year-old woman who presents for a chief complaint of a migraine resulting in nausea and vomiting. She reports that she experiences multiple migraines each month. She is given a prescription for sumatriptan (Imitrex ® ) 100-mg tablets orally to treat acute migraine pain. When counseling Phyllis about the medication, the nurse practitioner advises about all of the following adverse effects except: Sedation Chest tightness Dry mouth Nausea/vomiting Question In managing a 58-year-old woman who is admitted for deep vein thrombosis, caution should be used with which of the following medications due to a risk of drug-induced thrombocytopenia? Warfarin (Coumadin®) Clopidogrel (Plavix®) Dabigatran (Pradaxa®) Unfractionated heparin Question A 77-year-old woman with urinary incontinence is brought in by her caregiver for evaluation of a potential urinary tract infection. She is mentally alert and responds clearly to questions. The caregiver waits in the waiting area. While performing a routine comprehensive physical examination, you notice bruises on her right and left upper arms. The most appropriate approach would be to say: "Did someone grab you here?" "I’m concerned about your safety regarding these bruises on your arms." "I notice you have similar bruising on both arms." "Shall I ask your caregiver about these bruises?" Question A 27-year-old woman with a known sulfa allergy presents with an uncomplicated UTI. She has not received any systemic antimicrobials in the past 6 months. She is currently not pregnant and is using norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol patch (Ortho Evra ® ) for birth control. You recommend treatment with: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Question You are examining a 64-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease. In assessing the patient for mitral stenosis, you expect to find a heart murmur characterized as: High-pitched blowing systolic murmur heard best a third left intercostal space. Late systolic crescendo murmur with honking quality heard best at apex. Localized low-pitch late diastolic heard best at apex. Early diastolic murmur heard best at left sternal border with radiation to the neck. Question 21-year-old female student presents at the university clinic with a nosebleed. This is her third bleeding episode in the past week. She is otherwise healthy with no history of bleeding disorders. The NP advises that the appropriate first-line intervention for anterior epistaxis is: Nasal packing. Application of topical thrombin. Firm pressure to the area superior to the nasal alar cartilage. Utilization of a dehumidifier at home. Question Tertiary prevention activities for a 69-year-old woman with congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus include: Adjusting therapy to minimize dyspnea. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine. Skin survey for pre-cancerous lesions. Assessing her creatinine clearance. Question You see a 77-year-old male for treatment of a laceration on his forearm. Upon examination, you notice poor skin turgor when assessed on the arms and back of the hands. This is likely a sign of: Dehydration. Normal age-related change. Early heart failure. Renal dysfunction. Question All of the following practices are recommended when prescribing medications with confusing or similar-sounding names except: Writing the purpose of the medication on the prescription order. Considering selecting medications without nomenclature problems. Including either the generic or brand name on the prescription order, but not both. Providing patients with written information about their drugs. Question Which of the following describes the ethical principle of veracity? Healthcare resources are allocated so that the best is done for the greatest number of people. The responsibility of the healthcare provider is to treat all people in the same fair manner. The healthcare provider must be truthful and avoid deception. The healthcare provider has an obligation to be faithful to commitments made to self and others. Question Which of the following examples describes a potential malpractice scenario? A patient with known penicillin allergy is prescribed amoxicillin but no allergic reaction occurs. A post-myocardial infarction patient is prescribed an inappropriate dose of clopidogrel and experiences a severe bleeding episode. A patient with a urinary tract infection does not see any improvement in signs and symptoms 3 days after given a dose-appropriate prescription for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A patient realizes prior to taking any of the medication that the wrong drug was dispensed at the pharmacy. Question An 84-year-old female patient is admitted from a local long-term care facility (illnes). The patient is normally awake, alert, and oriented. She resides in the LTCF because she has not fully recovered from a broken hip resulting from a fall 4 months ago; otherwise she is in relatively good health. She can walk short distances with a walker, though she primarily stays in a wheelchair. Today, however, the nursing staff found her to be acutely confused and unable to ambulate without falling. She was transferred to the emergency department for evaluation. Initial laboratory testing must include: 2 sets of blood cultures. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Urinalysis. Lumbar puncture. Question A 67-year-old female has a long history of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and was seen by the nurse practitioner for brown discoloration on her calves. The nurse practitioner diagnoses hyperpigmentation due to CVI and presented the appropriate treatment plan. When evaluating the patient’s understanding, the nurse practitioner expects that she will say: “I should stay out of the sun or use sunscreen when my legs must be exposed.” “I need to elevate my legs as often as I can.” “I will use hydrocortisone cream twice a day for the next two weeks and then come back for my appointment.” “There is really nothing to help this discoloration.” Question The NP is called to evaluate a 56-year-old man complaining of severe pain in the upper right abdomen that radiates to the right shoulder, nausea and vomiting, which started soon after dinner. The NP suspects acute cholecystitis. All of the following findings would be consistent with the diagnosis except: Elevated aminotransaminase (AST) Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Microcytic anemia Leukocytosis Question A 43-year-old woman presents in the emergency department with a chief complaint of swelling of the ankles, hands, and face. She also reports urine that is darkly colored and foamy. Her blood pressure is 184/118 mm Hg. All of the following urinalysis findings will support a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis except: Elevated levels of ketones. Presence of white blood cells. Elevated levels of protein. Presence of red blood cell casts. Question While conducting an examination of a 15-year-old female accompanied by her mother regarding a potential sexually transmitted disease, the NP knows that the best approach to the visit would be to: Ensure the mother is present at all times. Ask the adolescent if she wishes the mother to be included in the interview and examination. Interview the adolescent with the mother and then asking the mother to leave for the physical examination. Interview and examine the adolescent in the absence of the mother. Question A 23-year-old college student presents with a 2-day history of severe sore throat and difficulty eating or drinking due to trouble swallowing. A physical examination reveals exudative pharyngitis and minimally tender anterior and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The NP suspects infectious mononucleosis and would expect which of the following laboratory findings? Neutrophilia with reactive forms. Thrombocytosis. Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. Diminished ALT/AST levels. Question A 45-year-old male is being prepared for release after receiving analgesic treatment for low back pain due to an acute lumbosacral strain. He is in otherwise good health and typically exercises on a daily basis. He asks when he will be able to start exercising again. The most appropriate response is: You should not exercise until you are completely pain-free. Conditioning exercises should be started immediately. Leg numbness is to be expected with muscle-strengthening exercises. Back-strengthening exercises may cause mild muscle soreness. Question Mrs. Gonzalez is a 53-year-old female who is being evaluated for routine follow-up care. Her medical history includes dyslipidemia, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory analysis reveals elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The long-term use of which of the following medications is the most likely cause of this finding? Calcium channel blocker Statin ACE inhibitor Methotrexate Question "Incident-to" services are defined as those which are "an integral, although incidental, part of the physician's personal professional services in the course of diagnosis or treatment of an injury or illness". As long as certain criteria are met, “incident to” billing is an option in all of the following settings except: Office visits. Hospital. Nursing home. Home visits. Question A 78-year-old male is being treated for a hypoglycemic episode. He has a long history of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as congestive heart failure and COPD. He is currently taking basal insulin with a sulfonylurea. What is the acceptable A1C goal for this patient? ≤6.5% ≤7.0% ≤8.0% ≤9.0% Question A 47-year-old woman reports that her long-time boyfriend was recently diagnosed with liver cancer possibly caused by a chronic hepatitis B infection. Though she does not have any symptoms, she wants to be checked for hepatitis B. She can’t recall if she has ever been vaccinated for hepatitis B. The laboratory results are as follows: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): Positive Hepatitis B surface antibody (Anti-HBs): Negative Total hepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc): Positive IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen: Negative These findings are most consistent with: Evidence of effective hepatitis B immunization. Evidence of hepatitis B infection in the past. Immunity against future hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis B. Question You see a 74-year-old male who is accompanied by his granddaughter who lives with him. He has hypertension, a prior myocardial infarction, long-standing type 2 diabetes, and recently underwent a lower limb amputation secondary to diabetes. He is currently taking an ACE inhibitor, statin, low-dose aspirin, biguanide, and insulin. The granddaughter reports that since the amputation, her grandfather sometimes becomes withdrawn, irritable and moody for no apparent reason, does not want to participate in the typical activities he enjoys, and often does not appear to eat much during the day. She also states that he often complains of being tired but normally wakes up in the early morning hours. The most appropriate action is to evaluate the patient for: Dementia. Depression. Delirium. Drug interaction. Question A 15-year-old male is brought in to the emergency department by his parents following a 12-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals obturator and psoas signs and a temperature of 102.6ºF (39.2ºC). Anticipated white blood cell (WBC) with differential results are as follows: Total WBC=18,100/mm 3 , Neutrophils=50%, Bands=1%, Lymphocytes=40% Total WBC=14,000/mm 3 , Neutrophils=55%, Bands=3%, Lymphocytes=38% Total WBC=4,500/mm 3 , Neutrophils=35%, Bands=2%, Lymphocytes=45%–55% with reactive forms Total WBC=16,500/mm 3 , Neutrophils=66%, Bands=8%, Lymphocytes=22% Question A 42-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of inability to tightly close the eye lid, frown, or smile on the right side. His examination is otherwise unremarkable and past medical history is unremarkable. This likely represents paralysis of cranial nerve (CN): III IV VII VIII Question Which of the following activities best demonstrates fulfillment of the nursing leadership role? Screening a 36-year-old woman for hypertension. Collaborating with a local health clinic on strategies to improve adult vaccination rates. Volunteering to teach a group of high school students about the dangers of prescription drug abuse. Collaborating with an infectious disease specialist on the care of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia. Question In considering treatment for Jane in the previous question, which of the following would be most appropriate if she has a history of penicillin allergy? Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Doxycycline (Doryx ® ). Famciclovir (Famvir ® ). Ciprofloxacin (Cipro ® ). Question A 17-year-old high school wrestler presents with an 8 cm-diameter area of warm, red, edematous area on his left arm with sharply demarcated borders. The patient is otherwise healthy and without fever. Given a concern for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection, the most appropriate treatment option for this patient is: High-dose amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Daptomycin (Cubicin ® ). Question You see a 58-year-old man who complains of a persistent dry, hacking cough. He reports that he recently started taking a medication to treat high blood pressure. He is most likely taking a(n): Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Alpha-adrenergic antagonist Angiotensin receptor blocker Beta-adrenergic antagonist Question A 77-year-old woman is accompanied by her husband for evaluation. She is currently being treated with metoprolol (Lopressor ® ) for hypertension and digoxin (Lanoxin ® ) for atrial fibrillation. He reports that his wife is becoming increasingly forgetful over the past year, failing to note important family events such as birthdays, and sometimes becomes confused with driving directions to familiar locations. She has no previous psychiatric history. The most likely diagnosis is: Parkinson’s disease. Delirium. Dementia. Early stage of congestive heart failure. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 51-year-old man with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. He currently smokes 1 PPD and has a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history. His medical history shows that he is allergic to penicillin. Two weeks ago, he was treated with a macrolide for "bronchitis". You now prescribe: Clarithromycin (Biaxin ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Question Which of the following is most consistent with the hepatic enzyme profile of a person with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? AST=1208 U/L, ALT=560 U/L. AST=45 U/L, ALT=88 U/L. AST=678 U/L, ALT=990 U/L. AST=98 U/L, ALT=149 U/L. Question A 32-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy presents with fever, flank pain, and hematuria. The NP suspects pyelonephritis. Which of the following urinalysis results would be most indicative of pyelonephritis? >100 red blood cells (RBCs) per high power field (HPF) Protein ≥300 mg/dL White blood cell (WBC) casts Ketones Question Laboratory findings of a 28-year-old male suspected of heatstroke can include all of the following except: Hyperkalemia. Elevated total creatine kinase. Hypernatremia. Leukocytosis. Question Mrs. Conner is a 76-year-old woman living in a long-term care facility and has been bedridden with a respiratory infection for the past 4 days. She is brought in for evaluation and you note signs of dehydration as well as a section of epidermal skin loss about 3 cm in diameter on her right hip. The dermal layer appears intact. This would be considered a pressure ulcer of Stage: 1 2 3 4 Question Which of the following represents the highest level of scientific evidence when evaluating clinical research? A randomized controlled trial. Systematic review/ Meta-analysis of randomized controlled troals. Observational study. Cohort study. Question A 24-year-old with a history of major depressive disorder is rushed to the emergency department by his friends after taking an overdose of antidepressant medication. The ingestion of which of the following medications poses the greatest risk of death for this patient? A 4-day supply of diazepam (Valium ® ) A 3-week supply of Bupropion (Wellbutrin ® ) A 2-week supply of nortriptyline (Pamelor ® ) A 3-week supply of duloxetine (Cymbalta ® ) Question The NP is called to evaluate a 72-year-old woman with community-acquired pneumonia. Her vital signs include temperature 101.6ºF (38.7ºC), BP 106/68 mm Hg, and heart rate 78 bpm. Physical examination reveals increased tactile fremitus and dullness to percussion at the left lung base. These findings are consistent with: Cavitation Pneumothorax Lung abscess Consolidation Question A 64-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease presents with a chief complaint of lethargy. His hemogram is as follows: -Hemoglobin (Hg)=9.9 g/dL (12–14 g/dL -Hematocrit (Hct)=30% (36%–42%) -Mean cell volume (MCV)=81 fL (80–96 fL -Reticulocytes=0.7% (1%–2%) These findings are most consistent with: Iron deficiency anemia. Anemia of chronic disease. Folate deficiency anemia. Thalassemia trait. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 57-year-old man who reports episodes of acute angina with physical exertion. He is currently taking an ACE inhibitor and low-dose aspirin. The NP considers which of the following approaches at the start of anginal symptoms? An oral dose of a P2Y 12 inhibitor. An extra dose of the ACE inhibitor. A dose of nitroglycerin via sublingual spray. Supplemental oxygen therapy for 10 minutes. Question You see a 71-year-old man with atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. His medical history does not show any drug allergies and he completed a course of a respiratory fluoroquinolone for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis within the past month. Which of the following would you consider the most appropriate choice of antimicrobial? Cefpodoxime (Vantin ® ) Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ) with doxycycline (Doryx ® ) Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ) Moxifloxacin (Avelox ® ) Question A 27-year-old woman is being evaluated for a 7-day history of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. She is otherwise healthy and has not received any antimicrobial therapy in the past 6 months. She also has no history of drug allergy. In considering a first-line antimicrobial treatment, all of the following would be appropriate except : Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Cefuroxime (Ceftin ® ). Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ). Question When managing elderly patients with diminished cognitive function, which of the following statements is true regarding patient competence for making informed healthcare decisions? First-degree relatives can declare a person incompetent. Healthcare providers do not have the ability to determine whether a patient can provide informed consent. A pattern of impaired judgment can be used to declare a patient incompetent. Only a court can appoint a guardian to make decisions for a patient declared incompetent. Question n 18-year-old female is being evaluated for wheezing that occurs on an intermittent basis. Symptoms occur about 3–4-times weekly, but not daily. Nighttime awakenings due to wheezing or coughing occur about once per week. Her FEV 1 is 85% predicted and Asthma Control Test (ACT) score is 22. The patient is diagnosed with mild persistent asthma and initiated on Step 2 treatment, which will include: Short-acting beta 2 -agonist (SABA) on an as needed basis only. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) only. Medium-dose ICS plus LABA. LABA only. Question A 57-year-old female presents for a flu shot as she has heard reports that it will be “a bad flu season”. She has had no primary care for more than 10 years as she lacked health insurance. She admits to a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history, currently smoking 1 pack-per-day (PPD). Her history and examination are unremarkable. Which screening test will you recommend? Sputum cytology Mammography Hemoglobin electrophoresis Fasting serum triglycerides Question A 46-year-old woman presents with a 12-hour history of fever, severe pain in the upper right abdomen, and positive Murphy's sign. Her medical history is unremarkable and she is in otherwise good health. The most likely diagnosis is: Appendicitis. Chronic cholelithiasis. Acute cholecystitis. Acute viral hepatitis. Question You see a 68-year-old woman who is being treated for moderate depression. She complains that her medication is causing symptoms of dry mouth and constipation. She is most likely taking which of the following medications? Venlafaxine (Effexor ® ) Citalopram (Celexa ® ) Fluoxetine (Prozac ® ) Nortriptyline (Pamelor ® ) Question Bill is a 46-year-old man who is rushed to the emergency department after experiencing sudden onset of edema of the lips and face and a sensation of “throat tightness and difficulty breathing” following a wasp sting. His blood pressure is 78/52 mm Hg, heart rate 120 bpm, and respiratory rate 32/min. The first course of action in caring for Bill is to administer: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl ® ). Epinephrine (EpiPen ® ). Nitroglycerin (Nitrolingual ® ). Ranitidine (Zantac ® ). Question You are evaluating a 44-year-old woman with community-acquired pneumonia. She has no comorbidities, no reported history of drug allergy, and has not received any antimicrobial therapy in the past 6 months. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment choice? Ceftriaxone (Rocephin ® ). Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ). Linezolid (Zyvox ® ). Moxifloxacin (Avelox ® ). Question Bettie is a 33-year-old mother of two children who presents for treatment of a lower urinary tract infection. This is her third episode in the past 6 months. She is prescribed appropriate antibiotic therapy and is taught strategies to decrease urinary tract infection. Which of the following is recommended for the prevention of recurrent UTI in at-risk patients? Voiding before and after coitus. Drinking two glasses of cranberry juice each day. Use of lactobacillus probiotics. Continuous low-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis. Question A 26-year-old woman presents with uncomplicated UTI. She is otherwise healthy, has not received any systemic antimicrobials in the past year, does not have a sulfa allergy, and is not taking any medications. She is currently not pregnant and is using etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring (NuvaRing ® ) for contraception. The local E. coli resistance rate to TMP/SMX is about 12%. The preferred therapy for this patient is: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Question A 78-year-old man is brought in by his neighbor who reports that she found him sitting in the front yard. She reports that he mumbled something about waiting for his wife, though she passed away more than 10 years ago. The neighbor says that the patient lives by himself and that this is the first time he has acted in this manner. The patient is calm but has trouble understanding simple directions and is unable to respond promptly to simple questions. Suspecting delirium, the most appropriate first course of action is to: Administer an antipsychotic. Refer for neurological consult. Identify the underlying illness. Order a head computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast. Question A 19-year-old college freshman has been urged by her friends to be evaluated for lethargy, loss of appetite, and hypersomnia over the past 2 weeks. You administer the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) assessment and she scores a 22. This would indicate: No depression. Mild depression. Moderate depression. Severe depression. Question The healthcare principle that promotes actions that lead to achieving the greatest good for the greatest number is known as: Autonomy. Utilitarianism. Beneficence. Fidelity. Question A 43-year-old man who smokes 1 pack-per-day (PPD) and has an 18 pack-year smoking history presents with a chief complaint of increasing shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. In considering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following would most support the diagnosis? FEV₁ >70% predicted. FEV₁ <85% predicted. FEV₁/FVC <0.70. FEV₁ /FVC <1.0. Question A 75-year-old man presents with chief complaints of headache, nausea, and muscle weakness. His creatinine level is 2.1 mg/dL (185.6 μmol/L) and GFR is 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . He currently takes a thiazide diuretic for the management of hypertension. Which of the following statements is false regarding the use of diuretics in the elderly? Thiazide diuretics are less effective when creatinine level is ≥1.8 mg/dL (159.1 mol/L). Thiazide diuretic use is an independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Loop diuretics are contraindicated when GFR is ≤40 mL/min/1.73 m². Thiazide diuretic use leads to low volume sodium depletion resulting in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) reduction. Question All of the following persons are eligible for Medicare services except: A 74-year-old ex-smoker with COPD and high income from assets. A 69-year-old undocumented resident in the US with atrial fibrillation. A 62-year-old with a permanent physical disability due to a motor vehicle accident. A 72-year-old permanent legal resident (non-US citizen) with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Question A 35-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of being unable to close her right eyelid tightly, frown, or smile on the right side. She is otherwise healthy with no significant prior medical history. An appropriate diagnostic test for this patient would be: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) levels. Lyme disease antibody titer. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Question A 23-year-old man is admitted after experiencing a seizure. A witness to the seizure described how the patient fell to the ground with rigid extension of the arms and legs that was then followed by a period of jerking movements and loss of consciousness. This best describes which type of seizure? Petit mal. Myoclonic. Tonic-clonic (grand mal). Complex partial. Question A 54-year-old man is being evaluated for pain related to acute bacterial prostatitis. In considering the diagnosis and management, the NP realizes that: Gram-positive organisms are the most common cause of infection. Length of antibiotic therapy is usually 1 week. Perineal pain with defecation is a common complaint. Cephalosporins are first-line therapy. Question A 25-year-old landscaper with a 6 cm abscess on the left upper arm presents one week post incision and drainage for a follow-up appointment. The area is much improved, but has some residual erythema and discomfort. The nurse practitioner correctly interprets that: The healing process is proceeding normally and he should continue to monitor progress. The presence of discomfort one week after incision and drainage suggests residual infection and antibiotics should be started. The wound should be packed with iodoform gauze and irrigated with normal saline twice daily. The patient should be referred for a surgical evaluation. Question The Privacy Rule established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 1996 implemented the requirements for: Electronic medical records at every healthcare institution. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Expanding Medicare to those <65 years of age who meet certain criteria. Mandatory psychological screening for all Federal employees. Question In the patient diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis, the use of amoxicillin should be avoided due to the risk of: Resistance development. Rash. Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Question When initiating therapy with spironolactone for a patient who is also on an ACE inhibitor, you advise the patient to return in 5 days to check which of the following laboratory parameters? Sodium Calcium Potassium Chloride Question A 27-year-old male is rushed to the emergency department after experiencing a series of seizures. He has no history of neurologic disorder. His girlfriend states that he was taking multiple medications for mood disorder but recently stopped taking one of them. The most likely medication the patient discontinued is a: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Benzodiazepine. Second-generation tricyclic antidepressant. Question When considering an end-of-life decision for a terminally ill person with Alzheimer-type dementia who can no longer communicate, all of the following can be used as an advanced directive except: Testimony from a family member or close friend A living will. A “do not resuscitate” order. A durable power of attorney for healthcare. Question Which of the following types of clinical studies represents the lowest level of evidence used to guide medical decisions? Clinical experience of renowned expert in field. Non-randomized controlled study. Observational study. Case-control study. Question Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes do you expect to find in a person with myocardial ischemia?calcium Pathologic Q wave Tall R wave T wave inversion ST segment elevation Question You see a 62-year-old woman experiencing a painful episode of acute gouty arthritis. All of the following are appropriate treatment choices to relieve her condition except: Naproxen sodium (Aleve ® ). Intraarticular corticosteroid injection. Allopurinol (Aloprim ® ). Colchicine (Colcrys ® ). Question As part of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Medicare will incorporate quality payment adjustments for certain hospital-acquired conditions, including all of the following except: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Myocardial ischemia. Pressure ulcers. Deep vein thrombosis. Question In which of the following situations is parental consent usually needed prior to treatment? A 15-year-old requesting information about contraception. A 17-year-old who wants help with anxiety. A 16-year-old requesting treatment for acne vulgaris. An 18-year-old who requires treatment for depression Question A 17-year-old male with intermittent asthma presents for routine follow-up. He explains that he experiences asthma symptoms once or twice each week, usually during physical activity. Symptoms are promptly relieved each time with albuterol per MDI with spacer. He does not report any nighttime awakenings due to his asthma. His ACT score is 24 and vital signs are all within normal limits. According to the NAEPP EPR-3, what is the next step in the management of his asthma? Continued use of SABA on an as needed basis. Initiation of a long-acting beta-agonist. Initiation of low-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Restrict physical activity. Question A 41-year-old woman is diagnosed with hypertension that requires medication. She is otherwise healthy but currently taking drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (Yasmin ® ) for birth control. Which of the following antihypertensive medications would be least preferred for this patient? Beta-adrenergic antagonist Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Calcium channel blocker Angiotensin receptor blocker Question A 71-year-old male presents to the emergency department. He is complaining of severe abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Diagnostic findings to support a ruptured appendix would include all of the following except: Leukopenia. Fever >102ºF (>38.9ºC). Symptoms lasting more than 48 hours. Absence of bowel sounds. Question A 57-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of numbness of the fingertips and oral irritation. Physical examination reveals pale conjunctiva and a heart murmur. She is otherwise healthy, exercises regularly, has a BMI of 22 kg/m 2 , and she states that she is a vegan. Hemogram results are as follows: -Hg=8.2 g/dL (12–16 g/dL) -Hct=23% (36%–42%) -MCV=135 fL (80–96 fL) -Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)=17% (11%–15%) These findings are most consistent with: Hemolysis. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Iron deficiency. Anemia of chronic disease. Question Which of the following statements is false regarding end-of-life decision-making for a patient that is hopelessly and terminally ill? A durable power of attorney for healthcare can be used to authorize another person to make healthcare decisions. A videotaped or audiotaped discussion with the patient can include advanced directives. Advanced directives are legally binding and recognized in all 50 states. Living wills and do not resuscitate orders are examples of advanced directives. Question You see a 24-year-old woman of Asian ancestry who is being evaluated for a neurologic disorder. A thorough laboratory analysis is conducted and the hemogram results are as follows: -Hemoglobin (Hg)=10.4 g/dL -Hematocrit (Hct)=32% -Mean cell volume (MCV)=71 fL -Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)=13% -Red blood cells (RBC)=5.5 million The most likely condition associated with these hemogram results is: Acute blood loss. Beta thalassemia minor. Iron deficiency anemia. Cooley's anemia. Question The nurse practitioner is evaluating a 19-year-old male suffering from a severe headache. He has a history of headaches that tend to occur in clusters over a few days. He has unsuccessfully tried several therapeutic modalities. A positive response to which of the following interventions supports the diagnosis of cluster headache? Oxygen therapy. Beta-adrenergic blockade. Tricyclic antidepressant. Dietary reduction of amines. Question A 68-year-old woman who resides in a long-term care facility is being treated for a urinary tract infection. Her medical history includes hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and a 35 pack-year smoking history. During the evaluation, she brings to your attention a painless, pearly nodule on the upper lip. This clinical presentation most likely represents a(n): Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis Molluscum contagiosum Question A 23-year-old male patient is evaluated in the early morning hours for nausea with vomiting. He had eaten some food from the fridge the night before that “was probably too old.” The NP suspects acute gastroenteritis and would expect the course of the disease over the next 48–72 hours to involve: Continued clinical evidence of dehydration, even with proper fluid uptake Resolution of vomiting but onset of diarrhea Continued episodes of vomiting but have improved appetite Complete resolution of symptoms and be feeling well Question A 47-year-old man is being evaluated for severe eye pain and sudden onset of reduced visual acuity. The NP suspects acute angle-closure glaucoma. Which of the following is most likely to be found on funduscopic examination to support this diagnosis? Hemorrhagic lesions. Low intraocular pressure. Arteriovenous nicking. A deeply-cupped optic disc. Question A 73-year-old man is being evaluated following an episode of dizziness leading to a fall that did not cause any injury. Cardiac and neurologic examination did not reveal the cause of dizziness. In preparation for discharge planning, the patient undergoes a formal balance assessment using which of the following tests? Braden scale. Tinetti assessment. McMurray test . Wintrobe criteria. Question All of the following are required Medicare terms and conditions for paying NP services except: The services are within the NP’s scope of practice as defined by state law. The services performed are those for which a physician would be able to bill Medicare. The services are performed in collaboration with a physician. Separate charges are billed for NP services and facility charges. Question A 21-year-old college student presents with new-onset pain and swelling in the feet and ankles as well as conjunctivitis, oral lesions, and dysuria. She reports that she has had multiple sexual partners and does not use any form of protection. The most important test result to obtain is: Rheumatoid factor Sedimentation rate Urethral cultures Question A 17-year-old male is admitted after experiencing sudden, severe pain in the scrotum during the night. Physical examination reveals swelling of the scrotum and the loss of the cremasteric reflex. His heart rate is 110 bpm, blood pressure 150/80 mm Hg, and temperature 99.8ºF (37.7ºC). This most likely represents: Testicular neoplasia Acute epididymitis Incarcerated hernia Testicular torsion Question You see a 48-year-old man with a chief complaint of pain during urination. Imaging reveals the presence of a kidney stone in the ureter. You consider all of the following management options except: Increased fluid uptake with water or citrus drinks. Alpha blocker use. Thiazide diuretic use. Analgesia use. Question According to the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act (COBRA), the spouse of an eligible employee will be eligible for COBRA coverage in all of the following circumstances except when the eligible employee: Divorces the spouse. Becomes eligible for Medicare. Has his or her hours reduced. Is terminated for misconduct. Question You see a 14-year-old soccer player with an ankle sprain. Physical examination reveals complete ankle instability, significant swelling, and moderate to severe ecchymosis. You would grade this sprain as: Grade I. Grade II. Grade III. Grade IV Question A 28-year-old male with asthma presents with a chief complaint that he has to use his rescue inhaler multiple times each day. An evaluation reveals that he has moderate-to-severe asthma and requires Step 4 treatment. An appropriate regimen would include: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Medium-dose ICS Medium-dose ICS plus a long-acting beta₂-agonist (LABA) High-dose ICS plus LABA plus omalizumab (Xolair ® ) Question A 19-year-old is diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. In order to prevent secondary infections among adults who had close contact with the patient, all of the following are recommended except: Administer appropriate meningococcal vaccine if previously unvaccinated. Prophylaxis with acyclovir (Zovirax ® ). Prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin (Cipro ® ). Prophylaxis with Ceftriaxone (Rocephin ® ). Question You see a 26-year-old man with moderate persistent asthma who is experiencing a severe exacerbation. Which of the following would you most likely expect when evaluating this patient? Crackles. Inspiratory wheeze. Expiratory wheeze. Bradypnea. Question A 62-year-old woman presents in the emergency department complaining of severe toe pain that originated overnight. She has a history of renal disease and is currently taking a thiazide diuretic. Her BMI is 37 kg/m 2 . In considering a diagnosis of acute gouty arthritis, the nurse practitioner knows that the best diagnostic indicator is: Serum uric acid. Joint X-ray. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Analysis of joint aspirate for urate crystals. Question Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for a 57-year-old man with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and who has type 2 diabetes mellitus, COPD and a beta-lactam allergy? Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Trimethoprim with or without sulfamethoxazole (Primsol ® , Bactrim ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ) Question While taking the history on a 61-year-old female patient, the nurse practitioner learns that she has a 15-year history of poorly-controlled hypertension. The patient admits that another provider had told her that the high blood pressure had affected her eyes. As a result, the nurse practitioner expects that funduscopic examination will likely reveal: General vessel narrowing Optic disc atrophy Macular degeneration Proliferative retinopathy Question A 28-year-old woman presents who complains of tugging chest pain unrelated to physical activity. She is generally in good health, a non-smoker, has a BMI of 23 kg/m², and denies dyspnea or dizziness. Physical examination reveals a grade 2/6 late systolic murmur that follows a midsystolic click at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line. An echocardiogram fails to reveal mitral valve tissue redundancy. This clinical presentation is most consistent with: Silent myocardial infarction. Aortic stenosis. Mitral valve prolapse. Atrial septal defect. Question A physician employs an NP to provide services at a satellite acute care clinic. If the physician is never present at the clinic, which of the following statements is true? “Incident to” billing is applicable for the services provided by the NP. The NP services should be billed under the NP’s provider number. Medicare will pay 100% of the physician rate for the NP services. The physician must cosign any documentation of services in order to bill Medicare under the physician’s provider number. Question Which of the following describes the ethical principle of beneficence? The obligation of the healthcare provider to help people in need. The duty of healthcare provider to do no harm. The responsibility of the healthcare provider to treat all in the same fair manner. The right of the competent person to choose a personal plan of life and action.

NURS 6550 FINAL EXAM (LATEST)– WALDEN UNIVERSITY (Verified answers, Scored A) NURS 6550 FINAL EXAM (LATEST)– WALDEN UNIVERSITY Question A 21-year-old woman requests hormonal emergency contraception after a condom break during intercourse approximately 16 hours ago. Today is day 14 of her normally 27–29 day menstrual cycle. You advise her that: Likelihood of conception is minimal and emergency contraception use is not advised Hormonal emergency contraception can be effective up to 5 days after intercourse When taken as advised, hormonal emergency contraception use reduces the risk of pregnancy by up to 65% The most likely mechanism of action of hormonal emergency contraceptive is as an abortifacient Question A 36-year-old man is hospitalized for alcohol poisoning. During follow-up evaluation the next day, he denies that he has a drinking problem. The best approach to assess for possible alcoholism is conducting which of the following questionnaires? BDI. HEADDS. CAGE. PHQ-9. Question A quality improvement plan characterized by limiting variability and removing defects in a process best describes: Six Sigma. Continuous Quality Improvement. Total Quality Management. Healthcare Stewardship. Question A 38-year-old woman comes to the emergency department complaining of a rapid heartbeat, tremors, and chest tightness. She reports earlier in the day she was feeling a migraine starting so she took a pill given to her by her friend who also experiences migraines. Her medical history reveals that she is currently taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression. Which migraine medication did she most likely take? Acetaminophen and caffeine (Excedrin ® Migraine) Naproxen sodium (Aleve ® ) Almotriptan (Axert ® ) Butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine (Fioricet ® ) Question All of the following are elements of malpractice except: A duty of care to the patient. A fee is charged for the healthcare services related to the malpractice claim. Breach of the standard of care. Injury. Question You are seeing a 68-year-old woman for treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). She has well-controlled hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia and takes an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), statin, biguanide, and low-dose aspirin (ASA). She worked in a dry cleaning facility until approximately 8 years ago. During her evaluation, she mentions that she sometimes has difficulty understanding conversation, especially in noisy environments. This is likely a: Drug-related reaction. Consequence of occupational chemical exposure. Early sign of dementia. Normal age-related change in hearing Question While evaluating a 33-year-old female with a 2-day history of dysuria, which of the following findings in urinalysis is most suggestive of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by a Gram-negative organism? Nitrites 30 mg/dL protein Epithelial cells pH>8 Question All of the following are examples of primary prevention strategies except: Counseling an elderly patient prior to discharge about fall risk at home and how to prevent falls through adequate illumination. Performing a hemoglobin A1C for all patients admitted to the hospital. Conducting a study to identify the leading cause of mortality in teenagers and how to reduce risk. Immunizing all adults ≥60 years with zoster vaccine. Question A 23-year-old woman is being evaluated for an upper respiratory tract infection. As you prepare for auscultation, the patient states “I have a benign murmur that has been with me my whole life”. Anticipating a physiologic murmur, you would expect which of the following characteristics? Usually obliterates S2. Becomes softer when going from a supine to standing position. Occurs late in systole. Has localized area of auscultation Question When evaluating the value of a test, the proportion of negative results that are truly negative best describes: Positive predictive value. Negative predictive value. Sensitivity. Specificity. Question A 16-year-old male presents for evaluation after a syncopal episode at school. He reports that he has recently been experiencing bouts of lightheadedness. His blood pressure is 126/76 mm Hg and his BMI=33 kg/m 2 . You notice velvet-like plaques at the nape of the neck. Laboratory assessment should include which of the following tests? Hemoglobin A1c Serum electrolytes ALT/AST Hemogram Question The NP is called to treat a 43-year-old woman for multiple contusions following a domestic violence attack. The NP realizes that one of the best predictors of a subsequent homicide of victims of domestic violence is: History of alcohol/drug abuse by perpetrator. Access to kitchen knives by the perpetrator. History of perpetrator attempting to strangle the victim. Issuance of a restraining order by the victim. Question A 48-year-old woman is being evaluated with chief complaints of fatigue, weakness, lethargy, and decreased concentration. She also mentions a notable increase in facial hair over the past 6 months as well as unexplained weight gain (about 25 lbs [11.3 kg]) over the past 2 months. Her past medical history is notable for moderate persistent asthma with multiple exacerbations over the past 8 months requiring treatment with prednisone. The most likely diagnosis is: Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hashimoto thyroiditis. Cushing’s syndrome. Addison’s disease. Question You see a 73-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who presents with an ulcer on the sole of her left foot. The ulcer has an irregular edge and pale base and a punched out appearance, with the surrounding skin white and shiny. The patient states that the pain is worse at night in bed and when the legs are elevated. The most likely diagnosis is: Pressure ulcer Pyoderma gangrenosum Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Question In evaluating a 62-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and mitral incompetency, you expect to find the murmur that is: Localized systolic. Diastolic with radiation to the neck. Diastolic with little radiation. Systolic with radiation to the axillae. Question 21-year-old camp counselor presents for evaluation with a chief complaint of generalized itchiness. He has just returned after a week of summer camp. Physical examination reveals excoriated papules along his axillary folds and at the belt line. The NP suspects scabies and prescribes permethrin (Elimite ® ) lotion. In counseling the patient on the use of permethrin, the NP mentions that: Its use is associated with neurotoxicity risk. Itch often persists for a few weeks after successful treatment. A marked reduction in lesions is noted within 48 hours. The medication should be rinsed off within 2 hours of application. Question You see a 76-year-old woman living at home who is accompanied by her home care provider. She has COPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An example of a secondary prevention strategy is: Administering the seasonal influenza vaccine. Screening for physical or financial abuse/Checking her blood glucose level. Checking her blood pressure. Adjusting her insulin dosing regimen. Question A 43-year-old woman is being evaluated in the emergency department with a complaint of a severe headache. She describes a unilateral, pulsing headache that was preceded by a gradual onset of paresthesia affecting the ipsilateral face and arm. The patient stated she noticed a “funny smell” prior to the symptoms starting. This description is most typical of: Migraine with aura. Cluster headache. Transient ischemic attack. Tension-type headache. Question A 20-year-old college student living in a campus dormitory has been diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. The NP decides to speak with the university health officials and inform them that: There is little to no risk of spread of the disease to other individuals. Only intimate partners are at risk for infection. Individuals with household-type or more intimate contact are at risk for infection. All individuals on campus can be considered to be at risk for infection. Question You see a 54-year-old man living in subsidized housing with a history of hypertension. He states that he stopped taking his blood pressure medication about 4 months ago because of costs. He is concerned because his blood pressure is high whenever he checks it, though he does not report any symptoms. His BP at this visit is 196/104 mm Hg. Upon examination of this patient, you would expect to detect an S 4 sound heard during: Early systole. Late systole. Early diastole. Late diastole. Question 32-year-old man requires evaluation for hepatitis infection prior to taking a job as a restaurant cook. He presents with the following laboratory results: Hepatitis A Panel Hepatitis B Panel Hepatitis C Panel Anti-HAV Negative HBsAg Negative Anti-HCV Positive IgM Negative Anti-HBc Negative HCV RNA Negative IgM Negative Anti-HBs Positive You recognize the patient is susceptible to: Hepatitis A and B Hepatitis B and C Hepatitis B only Hepatitis A only Question When evaluating illness symptoms in older patients, the disease will often present differently from younger adults due to: The likelihood of polypharmacy. Decreased compensatory mechanisms in the elderly. An increased physiologic response to illness in the elderly. Presence of comorbid conditions. Question When prioritizing risk factors for bacterial endocarditis, the nurse practitioner knows who among the following patients has the highest risk. A 55-year-old man with 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafts with stents. A 23-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse without tissue redundancy. A 65-year-old man with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. A 75-year-old woman with a nonorganic prosthetic aortic valve. Question The legal authority for NPs to perform healthcare services as defined by state law is called: Duty of care. Non-malfeasance. Autonomy. Scope of practice. Question A patient who was seen for an upper respiratory tract infection has an abnormal blood test result and requires a follow-up visit. The patient repeatedly fails to show up for the follow-up visit. Which of the following is the best approach to inform the patient of the need and urgency for a repeat test? A voicemail or text message. A visit to her home. An e-mail message marked as “urgent”. A certified letter. Question A 26-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of bilateral, intermittent itchy eyes accompanied by rope-like discharge. This is most consistent with conjunctivitis caused by: A virus. Bacteria. Over-exposure to smoke. Allergen. Question When developing a management plan for patients with genitourinary infections, which of the following would you most likely recommend for follow-up imaging following resolution of their infection? A 27-year-old nonpregnant woman with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). A 38-year-old nonpregnant woman with 2 acute, uncomplicated UTIs in the past 9 months. A 57-year-old man with acute bacterial prostatitis. A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recurrent pyelonephritis. Question s. Wang is a 56-year-old female who was seen 2 weeks ago for evaluation of ongoing abdominal discomfort and nausea. Laboratory assessment revealed H. pylori and she was treated for peptic ulcer disease with an appropriate antibiotic/proton-pump inhibitor combination. She returns today and admits to no real change in her symptoms. This suggests that: Treatment was inadequate and a salvage regimen should be used. It is too soon to expect a response and the patient should be reevaluated in four weeks. The patient could have complicated peptic ulcer disease and should be referred for endoscopy. Peptic ulcer disease is likely not the correct diagnosis. Question The NP is called to evaluate Jane, a 43-year-old woman, who presents with a diffuse maculopapular rash that began on the trunk but now covers the entire body, including the palms and soles. The rash is not itchy but wart-like sores are present in the mouth and genital area as well as skin folds. Initial evaluation reveals generalized lymphadenopathy and a low-grade fever, and she complains of lethargy and headache. The patient reports that she had a painless genital ulcer that healed on its own about 3 weeks earlier. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Primary syphilis. Secondary syphilis. Genital herpes. Gonorrhea. Question A 27-year-old man presents with a chief concern of an abnormal mass within his left scrotum. He describes it as feeling like a “bag of worms” and is present when he is standing but disappears when he lies down. His past medical history is unremarkable and his BMI is 29 kg/m 2 . He has been in a monogamous relationship for the past 4months. The most likely diagnosis is: Testicular torsion. Syphilis. Varicocele. Testicular cancer. Question An 18-year-old man is being evaluated for a severe exacerbation of asthma. He is currently taking an inhaled corticosteroid, a long-acting beta-agonist, and a short-acting beta-agonist on an as needed basis. The most important component of the initial assessment includes a(n): Continuous pulse oximetry reading Peak expiratory flow reading Chest X-ray Arterial Blood Gas Question A 67-year-old man is being evaluated for shortness of breath. His medical history reveals that he experienced a myocardial infarction about 2 years ago and a history of hypertension, which is well controlled by diet.. Otherwise, his medical history is unremarkable. Which of the following would you expect to find on electrocardiogram (ECG)? T wave inversion. Pathologic Q wave. ST segment elevation. Tall R wave. Question A 46-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department while experiencing an acute adrenal crisis that presents with abdominal pain, severe vomiting, and low blood pressure. He appears cyanotic and confused. The most appropriate treatment for this patient is an injection of: Insulin. Epinephrine . Hydrocortisone. Antihistamine. Question A 74-year-old male with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation underwent electrical cardioversion that successfully restored the heart’s rhythm. Which of the following medications can be considered for the purpose of maintaining the heart’s rhythm? Sotalol (Betapace ® ) Digoxin (Lanoxin ® ) Dabigatran (Pradaxa ® ) Enalapril (Vasotec ® ) Question In considering the use of an inhaled anticholinergic, such as tiotropium bromide (Spiriva ® ), for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the NP recognizes which of the following is the desired therapeutic action? Mucolytic agent. Bronchodilator. Increases mucociliary clearance. Antihistamine effect. Question A 14-year-old male is brought in for evaluation after he reportedly collapsed during a tennis match, though he quickly regained consciousness. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. You suspect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which of the following heart murmur characteristics would support the diagnosis? Occurs late in systole. Widely split S₂. Becomes louder when going from a supine to standing position. Murmur follows mid-systolic click. Question You see a 64-year-old man with an area of erythema concentrated on the left side of his neck with clusters of vesicles forming a line. He reported pain in the area a couple of days before the eruption of the lesions. He states that he recently initiated biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Impetigo. Herpes zoster. Drug-related adverse reaction. Viral exanthem. Question Gary is a 63-year-old African American male who has been treated for hypertension with ACE inhibitor monotherapy for the past 6 weeks. Despite Gary’s insistence that he is taking his medication as directed, his blood pressure continues to be elevated. Gary mentions that he prefers not having to take multiple medications each day due to cost and convenience. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action? Continue with the current regimen as the full effects are not observed until about 8 weeks of treatment. Add an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) to the regimen. Switch to a beta blocker. Switch to a calcium channel blocker. Question An NP’s duty of care can be established: Only in the setting of a healthcare institution (e.g., hospital, clinic, etc.). When the NP gives professional advice or treatment in any setting. Only when a fee is charged, either to the patient or third-party payer, for services. Only when both the NP and patient acknowledge a patient-provider relationship. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 48-year-old man who was brought to the emergency department after experiencing severe low back pain following an attempt to lift heavy furniture. He also reports a coincident loss of bowel and bladder control. This most likely indicates: Sciatic nerve entrapment Vertebral fracture Cauda equina syndrome Muscular spasm Question A 49-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of burning during urination, a thin and grayish-white vaginal discharge, and vagina itching. On laboratory examination, you expect to find all of the following except: Abundant white blood cells Clue cells Pseudohyphae Alkaline vaginal pH Question The NP is called to evaluate a 34-year-old nonpregnant woman who complains of a 4-week history of anxiety, palpitations, diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, and sensitivity to heat. Her medical history is unremarkable and she is not taking any medications. Physical examination reveals warm, moist skin and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. The NP suspects Graves’ disease. Which of the following laboratory results would best support this diagnosis? Free T₄ =6 pmol/L (NL=10–27 pmol/L). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)=0.05 mU/L (NL=0.15–4.0 mU/L). ESR=37 mm/h (NL <15 mm/h). Total WBC=4,200/mm³, 10% Neutrophils w/ hypersegmentation (NL=6,000–10,000/mm³ , 50%–70% Neutrophils). Question Phyllis is a 34-year-old woman who presents for a chief complaint of a migraine resulting in nausea and vomiting. She reports that she experiences multiple migraines each month. She is given a prescription for sumatriptan (Imitrex ® ) 100-mg tablets orally to treat acute migraine pain. When counseling Phyllis about the medication, the nurse practitioner advises about all of the following adverse effects except: Sedation Chest tightness Dry mouth Nausea/vomiting Question In managing a 58-year-old woman who is admitted for deep vein thrombosis, caution should be used with which of the following medications due to a risk of drug-induced thrombocytopenia? Warfarin (Coumadin®) Clopidogrel (Plavix®) Dabigatran (Pradaxa®) Unfractionated heparin Question A 77-year-old woman with urinary incontinence is brought in by her caregiver for evaluation of a potential urinary tract infection. She is mentally alert and responds clearly to questions. The caregiver waits in the waiting area. While performing a routine comprehensive physical examination, you notice bruises on her right and left upper arms. The most appropriate approach would be to say: \"Did someone grab you here?\" \"I’m concerned about your safety regarding these bruises on your arms.\" \"I notice you have similar bruising on both arms.\" \"Shall I ask your caregiver about these bruises?\" Question A 27-year-old woman with a known sulfa allergy presents with an uncomplicated UTI. She has not received any systemic antimicrobials in the past 6 months. She is currently not pregnant and is using norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol patch (Ortho Evra ® ) for birth control. You recommend treatment with: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Question You are examining a 64-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease. In assessing the patient for mitral stenosis, you expect to find a heart murmur characterized as: High-pitched blowing systolic murmur heard best a third left intercostal space. Late systolic crescendo murmur with honking quality heard best at apex. Localized low-pitch late diastolic heard best at apex. Early diastolic murmur heard best at left sternal border with radiation to the neck. Question 21-year-old female student presents at the university clinic with a nosebleed. This is her third bleeding episode in the past week. She is otherwise healthy with no history of bleeding disorders. The NP advises that the appropriate first-line intervention for anterior epistaxis is: Nasal packing. Application of topical thrombin. Firm pressure to the area superior to the nasal alar cartilage. Utilization of a dehumidifier at home. Question Tertiary prevention activities for a 69-year-old woman with congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus include: Adjusting therapy to minimize dyspnea. Administering the pneumococcal vaccine. Skin survey for pre-cancerous lesions. Assessing her creatinine clearance. Question You see a 77-year-old male for treatment of a laceration on his forearm. Upon examination, you notice poor skin turgor when assessed on the arms and back of the hands. This is likely a sign of: Dehydration. Normal age-related change. Early heart failure. Renal dysfunction. Question All of the following practices are recommended when prescribing medications with confusing or similar-sounding names except: Writing the purpose of the medication on the prescription order. Considering selecting medications without nomenclature problems. Including either the generic or brand name on the prescription order, but not both. Providing patients with written information about their drugs. Question Which of the following describes the ethical principle of veracity? Healthcare resources are allocated so that the best is done for the greatest number of people. The responsibility of the healthcare provider is to treat all people in the same fair manner. The healthcare provider must be truthful and avoid deception. The healthcare provider has an obligation to be faithful to commitments made to self and others. Question Which of the following examples describes a potential malpractice scenario? A patient with known penicillin allergy is prescribed amoxicillin but no allergic reaction occurs. A post-myocardial infarction patient is prescribed an inappropriate dose of clopidogrel and experiences a severe bleeding episode. A patient with a urinary tract infection does not see any improvement in signs and symptoms 3 days after given a dose-appropriate prescription for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A patient realizes prior to taking any of the medication that the wrong drug was dispensed at the pharmacy. Question An 84-year-old female patient is admitted from a local long-term care facility (illnes). The patient is normally awake, alert, and oriented. She resides in the LTCF because she has not fully recovered from a broken hip resulting from a fall 4 months ago; otherwise she is in relatively good health. She can walk short distances with a walker, though she primarily stays in a wheelchair. Today, however, the nursing staff found her to be acutely confused and unable to ambulate without falling. She was transferred to the emergency department for evaluation. Initial laboratory testing must include: 2 sets of blood cultures. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Urinalysis. Lumbar puncture. Question A 67-year-old female has a long history of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and was seen by the nurse practitioner for brown discoloration on her calves. The nurse practitioner diagnoses hyperpigmentation due to CVI and presented the appropriate treatment plan. When evaluating the patient’s understanding, the nurse practitioner expects that she will say: “I should stay out of the sun or use sunscreen when my legs must be exposed.” “I need to elevate my legs as often as I can.” “I will use hydrocortisone cream twice a day for the next two weeks and then come back for my appointment.” “There is really nothing to help this discoloration.” Question The NP is called to evaluate a 56-year-old man complaining of severe pain in the upper right abdomen that radiates to the right shoulder, nausea and vomiting, which started soon after dinner. The NP suspects acute cholecystitis. All of the following findings would be consistent with the diagnosis except: Elevated aminotransaminase (AST) Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Microcytic anemia Leukocytosis Question A 43-year-old woman presents in the emergency department with a chief complaint of swelling of the ankles, hands, and face. She also reports urine that is darkly colored and foamy. Her blood pressure is 184/118 mm Hg. All of the following urinalysis findings will support a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis except: Elevated levels of ketones. Presence of white blood cells. Elevated levels of protein. Presence of red blood cell casts. Question While conducting an examination of a 15-year-old female accompanied by her mother regarding a potential sexually transmitted disease, the NP knows that the best approach to the visit would be to: Ensure the mother is present at all times. Ask the adolescent if she wishes the mother to be included in the interview and examination. Interview the adolescent with the mother and then asking the mother to leave for the physical examination. Interview and examine the adolescent in the absence of the mother. Question A 23-year-old college student presents with a 2-day history of severe sore throat and difficulty eating or drinking due to trouble swallowing. A physical examination reveals exudative pharyngitis and minimally tender anterior and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The NP suspects infectious mononucleosis and would expect which of the following laboratory findings? Neutrophilia with reactive forms. Thrombocytosis. Lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. Diminished ALT/AST levels. Question A 45-year-old male is being prepared for release after receiving analgesic treatment for low back pain due to an acute lumbosacral strain. He is in otherwise good health and typically exercises on a daily basis. He asks when he will be able to start exercising again. The most appropriate response is: You should not exercise until you are completely pain-free. Conditioning exercises should be started immediately. Leg numbness is to be expected with muscle-strengthening exercises. Back-strengthening exercises may cause mild muscle soreness. Question Mrs. Gonzalez is a 53-year-old female who is being evaluated for routine follow-up care. Her medical history includes dyslipidemia, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory analysis reveals elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The long-term use of which of the following medications is the most likely cause of this finding? Calcium channel blocker Statin ACE inhibitor Methotrexate Question \"Incident-to\" services are defined as those which are \"an integral, although incidental, part of the physician\'s personal professional services in the course of diagnosis or treatment of an injury or illness\". As long as certain criteria are met, “incident to” billing is an option in all of the following settings except: Office visits. Hospital. Nursing home. Home visits. Question A 78-year-old male is being treated for a hypoglycemic episode. He has a long history of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as congestive heart failure and COPD. He is currently taking basal insulin with a sulfonylurea. What is the acceptable A1C goal for this patient? ≤6.5% ≤7.0% ≤8.0% ≤9.0% Question A 47-year-old woman reports that her long-time boyfriend was recently diagnosed with liver cancer possibly caused by a chronic hepatitis B infection. Though she does not have any symptoms, she wants to be checked for hepatitis B. She can’t recall if she has ever been vaccinated for hepatitis B. The laboratory results are as follows: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): Positive Hepatitis B surface antibody (Anti-HBs): Negative Total hepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc): Positive IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen: Negative These findings are most consistent with: Evidence of effective hepatitis B immunization. Evidence of hepatitis B infection in the past. Immunity against future hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis B. Question You see a 74-year-old male who is accompanied by his granddaughter who lives with him. He has hypertension, a prior myocardial infarction, long-standing type 2 diabetes, and recently underwent a lower limb amputation secondary to diabetes. He is currently taking an ACE inhibitor, statin, low-dose aspirin, biguanide, and insulin. The granddaughter reports that since the amputation, her grandfather sometimes becomes withdrawn, irritable and moody for no apparent reason, does not want to participate in the typical activities he enjoys, and often does not appear to eat much during the day. She also states that he often complains of being tired but normally wakes up in the early morning hours. The most appropriate action is to evaluate the patient for: Dementia. Depression. Delirium. Drug interaction. Question A 15-year-old male is brought in to the emergency department by his parents following a 12-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals obturator and psoas signs and a temperature of 102.6ºF (39.2ºC). Anticipated white blood cell (WBC) with differential results are as follows: Total WBC=18,100/mm 3 , Neutrophils=50%, Bands=1%, Lymphocytes=40% Total WBC=14,000/mm 3 , Neutrophils=55%, Bands=3%, Lymphocytes=38% Total WBC=4,500/mm 3 , Neutrophils=35%, Bands=2%, Lymphocytes=45%–55% with reactive forms Total WBC=16,500/mm 3 , Neutrophils=66%, Bands=8%, Lymphocytes=22% Question A 42-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of inability to tightly close the eye lid, frown, or smile on the right side. His examination is otherwise unremarkable and past medical history is unremarkable. This likely represents paralysis of cranial nerve (CN): III IV VII VIII Question Which of the following activities best demonstrates fulfillment of the nursing leadership role? Screening a 36-year-old woman for hypertension. Collaborating with a local health clinic on strategies to improve adult vaccination rates. Volunteering to teach a group of high school students about the dangers of prescription drug abuse. Collaborating with an infectious disease specialist on the care of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia. Question In considering treatment for Jane in the previous question, which of the following would be most appropriate if she has a history of penicillin allergy? Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Doxycycline (Doryx ® ). Famciclovir (Famvir ® ). Ciprofloxacin (Cipro ® ). Question A 17-year-old high school wrestler presents with an 8 cm-diameter area of warm, red, edematous area on his left arm with sharply demarcated borders. The patient is otherwise healthy and without fever. Given a concern for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection, the most appropriate treatment option for this patient is: High-dose amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Daptomycin (Cubicin ® ). Question You see a 58-year-old man who complains of a persistent dry, hacking cough. He reports that he recently started taking a medication to treat high blood pressure. He is most likely taking a(n): Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor Alpha-adrenergic antagonist Angiotensin receptor blocker Beta-adrenergic antagonist Question A 77-year-old woman is accompanied by her husband for evaluation. She is currently being treated with metoprolol (Lopressor ® ) for hypertension and digoxin (Lanoxin ® ) for atrial fibrillation. He reports that his wife is becoming increasingly forgetful over the past year, failing to note important family events such as birthdays, and sometimes becomes confused with driving directions to familiar locations. She has no previous psychiatric history. The most likely diagnosis is: Parkinson’s disease. Delirium. Dementia. Early stage of congestive heart failure. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 51-year-old man with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. He currently smokes 1 PPD and has a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history. His medical history shows that he is allergic to penicillin. Two weeks ago, he was treated with a macrolide for \"bronchitis\". You now prescribe: Clarithromycin (Biaxin ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Question Which of the following is most consistent with the hepatic enzyme profile of a person with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? AST=1208 U/L, ALT=560 U/L. AST=45 U/L, ALT=88 U/L. AST=678 U/L, ALT=990 U/L. AST=98 U/L, ALT=149 U/L. Question A 32-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy presents with fever, flank pain, and hematuria. The NP suspects pyelonephritis. Which of the following urinalysis results would be most indicative of pyelonephritis? >100 red blood cells (RBCs) per high power field (HPF) Protein ≥300 mg/dL White blood cell (WBC) casts Ketones Question Laboratory findings of a 28-year-old male suspected of heatstroke can include all of the following except: Hyperkalemia. Elevated total creatine kinase. Hypernatremia. Leukocytosis. Question Mrs. Conner is a 76-year-old woman living in a long-term care facility and has been bedridden with a respiratory infection for the past 4 days. She is brought in for evaluation and you note signs of dehydration as well as a section of epidermal skin loss about 3 cm in diameter on her right hip. The dermal layer appears intact. This would be considered a pressure ulcer of Stage: 1 2 3 4 Question Which of the following represents the highest level of scientific evidence when evaluating clinical research? A randomized controlled trial. Systematic review/ Meta-analysis of randomized controlled troals. Observational study. Cohort study. Question A 24-year-old with a history of major depressive disorder is rushed to the emergency department by his friends after taking an overdose of antidepressant medication. The ingestion of which of the following medications poses the greatest risk of death for this patient? A 4-day supply of diazepam (Valium ® ) A 3-week supply of Bupropion (Wellbutrin ® ) A 2-week supply of nortriptyline (Pamelor ® ) A 3-week supply of duloxetine (Cymbalta ® ) Question The NP is called to evaluate a 72-year-old woman with community-acquired pneumonia. Her vital signs include temperature 101.6ºF (38.7ºC), BP 106/68 mm Hg, and heart rate 78 bpm. Physical examination reveals increased tactile fremitus and dullness to percussion at the left lung base. These findings are consistent with: Cavitation Pneumothorax Lung abscess Consolidation Question A 64-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease presents with a chief complaint of lethargy. His hemogram is as follows: -Hemoglobin (Hg)=9.9 g/dL (12–14 g/dL -Hematocrit (Hct)=30% (36%–42%) -Mean cell volume (MCV)=81 fL (80–96 fL -Reticulocytes=0.7% (1%–2%) These findings are most consistent with: Iron deficiency anemia. Anemia of chronic disease. Folate deficiency anemia. Thalassemia trait. Question The NP is called to evaluate a 57-year-old man who reports episodes of acute angina with physical exertion. He is currently taking an ACE inhibitor and low-dose aspirin. The NP considers which of the following approaches at the start of anginal symptoms? An oral dose of a P2Y 12 inhibitor. An extra dose of the ACE inhibitor. A dose of nitroglycerin via sublingual spray. Supplemental oxygen therapy for 10 minutes. Question You see a 71-year-old man with atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. His medical history does not show any drug allergies and he completed a course of a respiratory fluoroquinolone for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis within the past month. Which of the following would you consider the most appropriate choice of antimicrobial? Cefpodoxime (Vantin ® ) Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ) with doxycycline (Doryx ® ) Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ) Moxifloxacin (Avelox ® ) Question A 27-year-old woman is being evaluated for a 7-day history of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. She is otherwise healthy and has not received any antimicrobial therapy in the past 6 months. She also has no history of drug allergy. In considering a first-line antimicrobial treatment, all of the following would be appropriate except : Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Cefuroxime (Ceftin ® ). Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ). Question When managing elderly patients with diminished cognitive function, which of the following statements is true regarding patient competence for making informed healthcare decisions? First-degree relatives can declare a person incompetent. Healthcare providers do not have the ability to determine whether a patient can provide informed consent. A pattern of impaired judgment can be used to declare a patient incompetent. Only a court can appoint a guardian to make decisions for a patient declared incompetent. Question n 18-year-old female is being evaluated for wheezing that occurs on an intermittent basis. Symptoms occur about 3–4-times weekly, but not daily. Nighttime awakenings due to wheezing or coughing occur about once per week. Her FEV 1 is 85% predicted and Asthma Control Test (ACT) score is 22. The patient is diagnosed with mild persistent asthma and initiated on Step 2 treatment, which will include: Short-acting beta 2 -agonist (SABA) on an as needed basis only. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) only. Medium-dose ICS plus LABA. LABA only. Question A 57-year-old female presents for a flu shot as she has heard reports that it will be “a bad flu season”. She has had no primary care for more than 10 years as she lacked health insurance. She admits to a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history, currently smoking 1 pack-per-day (PPD). Her history and examination are unremarkable. Which screening test will you recommend? Sputum cytology Mammography Hemoglobin electrophoresis Fasting serum triglycerides Question A 46-year-old woman presents with a 12-hour history of fever, severe pain in the upper right abdomen, and positive Murphy\'s sign. Her medical history is unremarkable and she is in otherwise good health. The most likely diagnosis is: Appendicitis. Chronic cholelithiasis. Acute cholecystitis. Acute viral hepatitis. Question You see a 68-year-old woman who is being treated for moderate depression. She complains that her medication is causing symptoms of dry mouth and constipation. She is most likely taking which of the following medications? Venlafaxine (Effexor ® ) Citalopram (Celexa ® ) Fluoxetine (Prozac ® ) Nortriptyline (Pamelor ® ) Question Bill is a 46-year-old man who is rushed to the emergency department after experiencing sudden onset of edema of the lips and face and a sensation of “throat tightness and difficulty breathing” following a wasp sting. His blood pressure is 78/52 mm Hg, heart rate 120 bpm, and respiratory rate 32/min. The first course of action in caring for Bill is to administer: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl ® ). Epinephrine (EpiPen ® ). Nitroglycerin (Nitrolingual ® ). Ranitidine (Zantac ® ). Question You are evaluating a 44-year-old woman with community-acquired pneumonia. She has no comorbidities, no reported history of drug allergy, and has not received any antimicrobial therapy in the past 6 months. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment choice? Ceftriaxone (Rocephin ® ). Azithromycin (Zithromax ® ). Linezolid (Zyvox ® ). Moxifloxacin (Avelox ® ). Question Bettie is a 33-year-old mother of two children who presents for treatment of a lower urinary tract infection. This is her third episode in the past 6 months. She is prescribed appropriate antibiotic therapy and is taught strategies to decrease urinary tract infection. Which of the following is recommended for the prevention of recurrent UTI in at-risk patients? Voiding before and after coitus. Drinking two glasses of cranberry juice each day. Use of lactobacillus probiotics. Continuous low-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis. Question A 26-year-old woman presents with uncomplicated UTI. She is otherwise healthy, has not received any systemic antimicrobials in the past year, does not have a sulfa allergy, and is not taking any medications. She is currently not pregnant and is using etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring (NuvaRing ® ) for contraception. The local E. coli resistance rate to TMP/SMX is about 12%. The preferred therapy for this patient is: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim ® ). Amoxicillin (Amoxil ® ). Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid ® ). Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Question A 78-year-old man is brought in by his neighbor who reports that she found him sitting in the front yard. She reports that he mumbled something about waiting for his wife, though she passed away more than 10 years ago. The neighbor says that the patient lives by himself and that this is the first time he has acted in this manner. The patient is calm but has trouble understanding simple directions and is unable to respond promptly to simple questions. Suspecting delirium, the most appropriate first course of action is to: Administer an antipsychotic. Refer for neurological consult. Identify the underlying illness. Order a head computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast. Question A 19-year-old college freshman has been urged by her friends to be evaluated for lethargy, loss of appetite, and hypersomnia over the past 2 weeks. You administer the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) assessment and she scores a 22. This would indicate: No depression. Mild depression. Moderate depression. Severe depression. Question The healthcare principle that promotes actions that lead to achieving the greatest good for the greatest number is known as: Autonomy. Utilitarianism. Beneficence. Fidelity. Question A 43-year-old man who smokes 1 pack-per-day (PPD) and has an 18 pack-year smoking history presents with a chief complaint of increasing shortness of breath, chronic cough, and sputum production. In considering chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following would most support the diagnosis? FEV₁ >70% predicted. FEV₁ <85% predicted. FEV₁/FVC <0.70. FEV₁ /FVC <1.0. Question A 75-year-old man presents with chief complaints of headache, nausea, and muscle weakness. His creatinine level is 2.1 mg/dL (185.6 μmol/L) and GFR is 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . He currently takes a thiazide diuretic for the management of hypertension. Which of the following statements is false regarding the use of diuretics in the elderly? Thiazide diuretics are less effective when creatinine level is ≥1.8 mg/dL (159.1 mol/L). Thiazide diuretic use is an independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Loop diuretics are contraindicated when GFR is ≤40 mL/min/1.73 m². Thiazide diuretic use leads to low volume sodium depletion resulting in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) reduction. Question All of the following persons are eligible for Medicare services except: A 74-year-old ex-smoker with COPD and high income from assets. A 69-year-old undocumented resident in the US with atrial fibrillation. A 62-year-old with a permanent physical disability due to a motor vehicle accident. A 72-year-old permanent legal resident (non-US citizen) with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Question A 35-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of being unable to close her right eyelid tightly, frown, or smile on the right side. She is otherwise healthy with no significant prior medical history. An appropriate diagnostic test for this patient would be: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) levels. Lyme disease antibody titer. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Question A 23-year-old man is admitted after experiencing a seizure. A witness to the seizure described how the patient fell to the ground with rigid extension of the arms and legs that was then followed by a period of jerking movements and loss of consciousness. This best describes which type of seizure? Petit mal. Myoclonic. Tonic-clonic (grand mal). Complex partial. Question A 54-year-old man is being evaluated for pain related to acute bacterial prostatitis. In considering the diagnosis and management, the NP realizes that: Gram-positive organisms are the most common cause of infection. Length of antibiotic therapy is usually 1 week. Perineal pain with defecation is a common complaint. Cephalosporins are first-line therapy. Question A 25-year-old landscaper with a 6 cm abscess on the left upper arm presents one week post incision and drainage for a follow-up appointment. The area is much improved, but has some residual erythema and discomfort. The nurse practitioner correctly interprets that: The healing process is proceeding normally and he should continue to monitor progress. The presence of discomfort one week after incision and drainage suggests residual infection and antibiotics should be started. The wound should be packed with iodoform gauze and irrigated with normal saline twice daily. The patient should be referred for a surgical evaluation. Question The Privacy Rule established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 1996 implemented the requirements for: Electronic medical records at every healthcare institution. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Expanding Medicare to those <65 years of age who meet certain criteria. Mandatory psychological screening for all Federal employees. Question In the patient diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis, the use of amoxicillin should be avoided due to the risk of: Resistance development. Rash. Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Question When initiating therapy with spironolactone for a patient who is also on an ACE inhibitor, you advise the patient to return in 5 days to check which of the following laboratory parameters? Sodium Calcium Potassium Chloride Question A 27-year-old male is rushed to the emergency department after experiencing a series of seizures. He has no history of neurologic disorder. His girlfriend states that he was taking multiple medications for mood disorder but recently stopped taking one of them. The most likely medication the patient discontinued is a: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Benzodiazepine. Second-generation tricyclic antidepressant. Question When considering an end-of-life decision for a terminally ill person with Alzheimer-type dementia who can no longer communicate, all of the following can be used as an advanced directive except: Testimony from a family member or close friend A living will. A “do not resuscitate” order. A durable power of attorney for healthcare. Question Which of the following types of clinical studies represents the lowest level of evidence used to guide medical decisions? Clinical experience of renowned expert in field. Non-randomized controlled study. Observational study. Case-control study. Question Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes do you expect to find in a person with myocardial ischemia?calcium Pathologic Q wave Tall R wave T wave inversion ST segment elevation Question You see a 62-year-old woman experiencing a painful episode of acute gouty arthritis. All of the following are appropriate treatment choices to relieve her condition except: Naproxen sodium (Aleve ® ). Intraarticular corticosteroid injection. Allopurinol (Aloprim ® ). Colchicine (Colcrys ® ). Question As part of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Medicare will incorporate quality payment adjustments for certain hospital-acquired conditions, including all of the following except: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Myocardial ischemia. Pressure ulcers. Deep vein thrombosis. Question In which of the following situations is parental consent usually needed prior to treatment? A 15-year-old requesting information about contraception. A 17-year-old who wants help with anxiety. A 16-year-old requesting treatment for acne vulgaris. An 18-year-old who requires treatment for depression Question A 17-year-old male with intermittent asthma presents for routine follow-up. He explains that he experiences asthma symptoms once or twice each week, usually during physical activity. Symptoms are promptly relieved each time with albuterol per MDI with spacer. He does not report any nighttime awakenings due to his asthma. His ACT score is 24 and vital signs are all within normal limits. According to the NAEPP EPR-3, what is the next step in the management of his asthma? Continued use of SABA on an as needed basis. Initiation of a long-acting beta-agonist. Initiation of low-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Restrict physical activity. Question A 41-year-old woman is diagnosed with hypertension that requires medication. She is otherwise healthy but currently taking drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (Yasmin ® ) for birth control. Which of the following antihypertensive medications would be least preferred for this patient? Beta-adrenergic antagonist Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Calcium channel blocker Angiotensin receptor blocker Question A 71-year-old male presents to the emergency department. He is complaining of severe abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Diagnostic findings to support a ruptured appendix would include all of the following except: Leukopenia. Fever >102ºF (>38.9ºC). Symptoms lasting more than 48 hours. Absence of bowel sounds. Question A 57-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of numbness of the fingertips and oral irritation. Physical examination reveals pale conjunctiva and a heart murmur. She is otherwise healthy, exercises regularly, has a BMI of 22 kg/m 2 , and she states that she is a vegan. Hemogram results are as follows: -Hg=8.2 g/dL (12–16 g/dL) -Hct=23% (36%–42%) -MCV=135 fL (80–96 fL) -Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)=17% (11%–15%) These findings are most consistent with: Hemolysis. Vitamin B12 deficiency. Iron deficiency. Anemia of chronic disease. Question Which of the following statements is false regarding end-of-life decision-making for a patient that is hopelessly and terminally ill? A durable power of attorney for healthcare can be used to authorize another person to make healthcare decisions. A videotaped or audiotaped discussion with the patient can include advanced directives. Advanced directives are legally binding and recognized in all 50 states. Living wills and do not resuscitate orders are examples of advanced directives. Question You see a 24-year-old woman of Asian ancestry who is being evaluated for a neurologic disorder. A thorough laboratory analysis is conducted and the hemogram results are as follows: -Hemoglobin (Hg)=10.4 g/dL -Hematocrit (Hct)=32% -Mean cell volume (MCV)=71 fL -Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)=13% -Red blood cells (RBC)=5.5 million The most likely condition associated with these hemogram results is: Acute blood loss. Beta thalassemia minor. Iron deficiency anemia. Cooley\'s anemia. Question The nurse practitioner is evaluating a 19-year-old male suffering from a severe headache. He has a history of headaches that tend to occur in clusters over a few days. He has unsuccessfully tried several therapeutic modalities. A positive response to which of the following interventions supports the diagnosis of cluster headache? Oxygen therapy. Beta-adrenergic blockade. Tricyclic antidepressant. Dietary reduction of amines. Question A 68-year-old woman who resides in a long-term care facility is being treated for a urinary tract infection. Her medical history includes hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and a 35 pack-year smoking history. During the evaluation, she brings to your attention a painless, pearly nodule on the upper lip. This clinical presentation most likely represents a(n): Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis Molluscum contagiosum Question A 23-year-old male patient is evaluated in the early morning hours for nausea with vomiting. He had eaten some food from the fridge the night before that “was probably too old.” The NP suspects acute gastroenteritis and would expect the course of the disease over the next 48–72 hours to involve: Continued clinical evidence of dehydration, even with proper fluid uptake Resolution of vomiting but onset of diarrhea Continued episodes of vomiting but have improved appetite Complete resolution of symptoms and be feeling well Question A 47-year-old man is being evaluated for severe eye pain and sudden onset of reduced visual acuity. The NP suspects acute angle-closure glaucoma. Which of the following is most likely to be found on funduscopic examination to support this diagnosis? Hemorrhagic lesions. Low intraocular pressure. Arteriovenous nicking. A deeply-cupped optic disc. Question A 73-year-old man is being evaluated following an episode of dizziness leading to a fall that did not cause any injury. Cardiac and neurologic examination did not reveal the cause of dizziness. In preparation for discharge planning, the patient undergoes a formal balance assessment using which of the following tests? Braden scale. Tinetti assessment. McMurray test . Wintrobe criteria. Question All of the following are required Medicare terms and conditions for paying NP services except: The services are within the NP’s scope of practice as defined by state law. The services performed are those for which a physician would be able to bill Medicare. The services are performed in collaboration with a physician. Separate charges are billed for NP services and facility charges. Question A 21-year-old college student presents with new-onset pain and swelling in the feet and ankles as well as conjunctivitis, oral lesions, and dysuria. She reports that she has had multiple sexual partners and does not use any form of protection. The most important test result to obtain is: Rheumatoid factor Sedimentation rate Urethral cultures Question A 17-year-old male is admitted after experiencing sudden, severe pain in the scrotum during the night. Physical examination reveals swelling of the scrotum and the loss of the cremasteric reflex. His heart rate is 110 bpm, blood pressure 150/80 mm Hg, and temperature 99.8ºF (37.7ºC). This most likely represents: Testicular neoplasia Acute epididymitis Incarcerated hernia Testicular torsion Question You see a 48-year-old man with a chief complaint of pain during urination. Imaging reveals the presence of a kidney stone in the ureter. You consider all of the following management options except: Increased fluid uptake with water or citrus drinks. Alpha blocker use. Thiazide diuretic use. Analgesia use. Question According to the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act (COBRA), the spouse of an eligible employee will be eligible for COBRA coverage in all of the following circumstances except when the eligible employee: Divorces the spouse. Becomes eligible for Medicare. Has his or her hours reduced. Is terminated for misconduct. Question You see a 14-year-old soccer player with an ankle sprain. Physical examination reveals complete ankle instability, significant swelling, and moderate to severe ecchymosis. You would grade this sprain as: Grade I. Grade II. Grade III. Grade IV Question A 28-year-old male with asthma presents with a chief complaint that he has to use his rescue inhaler multiple times each day. An evaluation reveals that he has moderate-to-severe asthma and requires Step 4 treatment. An appropriate regimen would include: Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) Medium-dose ICS Medium-dose ICS plus a long-acting beta₂-agonist (LABA) High-dose ICS plus LABA plus omalizumab (Xolair ® ) Question A 19-year-old is diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. In order to prevent secondary infections among adults who had close contact with the patient, all of the following are recommended except: Administer appropriate meningococcal vaccine if previously unvaccinated. Prophylaxis with acyclovir (Zovirax ® ). Prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin (Cipro ® ). Prophylaxis with Ceftriaxone (Rocephin ® ). Question You see a 26-year-old man with moderate persistent asthma who is experiencing a severe exacerbation. Which of the following would you most likely expect when evaluating this patient? Crackles. Inspiratory wheeze. Expiratory wheeze. Bradypnea. Question A 62-year-old woman presents in the emergency department complaining of severe toe pain that originated overnight. She has a history of renal disease and is currently taking a thiazide diuretic. Her BMI is 37 kg/m 2 . In considering a diagnosis of acute gouty arthritis, the nurse practitioner knows that the best diagnostic indicator is: Serum uric acid. Joint X-ray. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Analysis of joint aspirate for urate crystals. Question Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for a 57-year-old man with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and who has type 2 diabetes mellitus, COPD and a beta-lactam allergy? Cephalexin (Keflex ® ). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin ® ). Trimethoprim with or without sulfamethoxazole (Primsol ® , Bactrim ® ). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ® ) Question While taking the history on a 61-year-old female patient, the nurse practitioner learns that she has a 15-year history of poorly-controlled hypertension. The patient admits that another provider had told her that the high blood pressure had affected her eyes. As a result, the nurse practitioner expects that funduscopic examination will likely reveal: General vessel narrowing Optic disc atrophy Macular degeneration Proliferative retinopathy Question A 28-year-old woman presents who complains of tugging chest pain unrelated to physical activity. She is generally in good health, a non-smoker, has a BMI of 23 kg/m², and denies dyspnea or dizziness. Physical examination reveals a grade 2/6 late systolic murmur that follows a midsystolic click at the 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line. An echocardiogram fails to reveal mitral valve tissue redundancy. This clinical presentation is most consistent with: Silent myocardial infarction. Aortic stenosis. Mitral valve prolapse. Atrial septal defect. Question A physician employs an NP to provide services at a satellite acute care clinic. If the physician is never present at the clinic, which of the following statements is true? “Incident to” billing is applicable for the services provided by the NP. The NP services should be billed under the NP’s provider number. Medicare will pay 100% of the physician rate for the NP services. The physician must cosign any documentation of services in order to bill Medicare under the physician’s provider number. Question Which of the following describes the ethical principle of beneficence? The obligation of the healthcare provider to help people in need. The duty of healthcare provider to do no harm. The responsibility of the healthcare provider to treat all in the same fair manner. The right of the competent person to choose a personal plan of life and action.