Grade 12 Life Sciences

These notes contains: Nucleic acids The structure of DNA The role of DNA both coding DNA and non-coding The structure and function of RNA The process of protein synthesis Transcription of DNA The role of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA Translation of RNA Definitions of important words

These notes contain: The stages of meiosis 1 and 2 Crossing over The importance of meiosis Abnormal meiosis Trisomy

These notes contain: The male reproductive organs and their functions The female reproductive organs and their functions Puberty Spermatogenesis Oogenesis The menstrual cycle Gestation and the organs made for the pregnancy and their functions

These notes contain: Genes Genome Alleles How alleles are passed down Mendel's laws Dominant and recessive traits Genetic diagrams Punnet squares Complete, incomplete and co- dominance Sex determination Blood grouping Gene mutations, their cause and the different types Genetic disorders both sex linked and autosomal diseases Genetic engineering Genetic modification Cloning Genetic links Di-hybrid crosses

These notes contain: External and internal fertilization Ovipary, ovovivipary and vivipary amniotic eggs precocial and altricial development