Caring for the Acutely Ill

Complete Fracture Breaks bone into separate pieces Partial (incomplete) Fracture Bone cracks but doesn't break all the way through Direct Injury Break occurs at the site of the injury Pathological Process Caused by minimal force due to underlying cause Open Fracture Creates a break in the skin surface Closed Fracture Leaves the skin intact Displaced Fracture Bone breaks into two or more pieces that move Non-displaced Fracture Occurs when the pieces of bone don't separate or ...

What are the 3 types of mechanisms than can cause a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)? compression distraction (tearing) transection What are the 2 classifications of SCI? complete versus incomplete paraplegia versus tetraplegia What is a complete SCI? is severe and causes loss of all sensation & the ability to control movement below the level of damage What is an incomplete SCI? can retain some sensation or movement below the area of damage What does paraplegia mean? paralysis of lower extre...

What is pyelonephritis? infection of the kidney What clinical manifestations are associated with pyelonephritis? fever > 102 F, pain in the side/back or groin, dysuria, cloudy or bloody urine, urine with odor, change in mental status of older adults What causes the pain in pyelonephritis? inflammed tissue In what case would a patient experience little to no manifestations with pyelonephritis? patients who have chronic pyelonephritis What diagnostic tests would a nurse expect to be ord...

What is acute pericarditis? inflammation of the pericardial sac What does acute pericarditis look like? sharp/stabbing chest pain that worsens on inhalation or laying supine and improves when sitting upright and leaning forward, pericardial friction rub, chest palpitations, syncope episodes, dizziness, hiccups, dysphagia, low-grade fever, wt loss What diagnostics help prove acute pericarditis? - blood tests: CBC, ESR, C-Reactive Protein, blood cultures, troponin I and T - ECG: depressed or...

What is ventilation? air flow into and out of the lungs What is perfusion? pulmonary circulation to body circulation What is respiratory failure? failure of gas exchange - hypoxaemia and/or hypercapnia What is hypoxemic respiratory failure? occurs when PaO2 is <60 and PaCO2 is normal or low What type of diseases are associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure? lung diseases in which fluid filling or collapse of alveoli What is hyercapnic respiratory failure? occurs when PaCO2 is ...

What are the types of fractures? -Correct Answer Complete, partial, direct injury, pathological process, open, closed, displaced, and non-displaced fractures. What are common signs and symptoms of a fracture? -Correct Answer Pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, limb shortening, and deformity. What are the different types of fracture lines? -Correct Answer Transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, avulsed, and impacted. What are unique pediatric fractures? -Correct Answer Torus and green...

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) -Correct Answer Characterized by plaque buildup in coronary arteries. Manifestations of CAD -Correct Answer Classic symptoms include 'chest pain, tightness/fullness/pressure in midsternal area, pain radiating to left arm, neck, jaw, or back, diaphoresis, dizziness/lightheadedness, N/V, SOB, weakness.' Atypical symptoms of CAD -Correct Answer May be seen in females, older adults, and diabetics. Diagnostics for CAD -Correct Answer 12-lead ECG, lipid pan...