Advances in Health Biotechnology

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ

Gene therapy is an experimental technique for treating disease by altering the patient's genetic material Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nuclei acid polymers into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease. The polymers are either expressed as proteins, interfere with protein expression, or possibly correct genetic mutations The most common form uses DNA that encodes a functional, therapeutic gene to replace a mutated gene. The polymer molecule is packaged within a "vector", w...

Most of the drugs we use today are primarily tested in a selected group of people, and not in all the people, because it is impossible to test drugs in each and every person The drug regulators or controllers approve the drugs to be used by patients on the pretext that the intended drug will not cause any side effects in the large population of patients; however, it has been reported that some of the drugs could cause severe side effects. Moreover, it has been reported that more than two milli...

Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research in tissue engineering and molecular biology which deals with the "process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function

Synthetic biology is a scientific discipline that combines knowledge of science with engineering tools in order to design and build novel biological tissues and systems The term “synthetic biology” was first used on genetically engineered bacteria that were created by using recombinant DNA technology Synthetic biology is used as a means to design human body parts using biomimetic chemistry, where organic molecules are used to generate artificial molecules that mimic natural molecules, such a...

Begins with the isolation of a gene of interest, which is then inserted into a vector; these vectors are further cloned into multiple copies A vector is basically a piece of DNA that is capable of independent growth; bacterial plasmids and viral phages are the commonly used vectors When the gene of interest (foreign DNA) is integrated into the plasmid or phage, this process is generally referred to as r-DNA The next step in r-DNA technology is to introduce the vector containing the foreign DN...

“Diagnostic Criteria” includes the signs, symptoms, and laboratory test results that the clinician uses to make the correct diagnosis

The innate immune system generally consists of three components—membrane barrier, inflammation, and the complement system In case pathogens can successfully evade the innate response, a host body possesses another layer of protection called the adaptive immune system, which can be activated by the innate response

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. It contains certain agents that not only resemble a disease-causing microorganism but it also stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize the foreign agents.