Advanced Pathophysiology

VIRUSES LINKED TO CANCER 1. Viruses & terminology 2. Types and examples of viruses linked to cancer 3. Steps of virus replication 4. Latency in viruses 5. HIV and Cancer

DIETARY FACTORS THAT CAUSE AND PREVENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, detailed explanation with examples of: 1. Antioxidants 2. Cholesterol 3. Fats and their different types 4. Metals and how are they connected to AD

1. A brief and detailed overview of cancer 2. Comparison of normal (wild) genes and mutated genes in cancer 3. Cell cycle and its checkpoints 4. A detailed description of 6 hallmarks of cancer, 5. Mechanism of metastasis (spread of cancer) 6. Enabling characteristics of cancer cells. These notes are excellent for masters and undergraduate students who are preparing themselves for exams.

Notes are aimed at students who need to know in detail about nutrition, especially carbohydrates. Notes include: 1. Description of the term "nutrition" 2. Food Pyramid 3. Proteins 4. Carbohydrates, their groups, digestion & absorption 5. very detailed glucose metabolism

Notes are aimed at university students ( Medical Science, Medicine). Starting from the broad aspect of Alzheimer's disease (AD), different types of Alzheimer and dementia to a detailed cellular pathology of AD including the comparison of Amyloid Precursor Protein pathway in the affected and no affected brain by AD. Several important questions also have been explained such as: 1) How the amyloid-beta peptide aggregates to form toxic species and which species are believed to cause Alzheimer’s d...