Clin Med WBCs 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
What's a shift to the left mean? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increase # of bands
(immature neutrophils)
What's the most common cause of a shift to the left? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Any
acute inflammation, but most commonly caused by bacterial infections.
What's the difference between a neutrophil and a band on a cellular level? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Neutrophils have a segmented nucleus while bands do not.
(Think PMN)
How long after an infection occur does it take for a dramatic increase in
neutrophils/bands? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Pretty quickly (within hours)
,What are the most common opsonins? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔C3b and IgG
T/F. Pathology with immunoglobulin and/or C3b would affect neutrophil's
ability to kill microbes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True. Neutrophils can only target
bacteria that has been opsonized.
Once engulfed, how does the neutrophil kill the microbe? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Contents of the granules and lysozymes inside the neutrophil break
down the cell wall and kill the microbe. Superoxides and enzymes play a
role as well.
What are the primary granules of neutrophils responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Aid in digestion/killing of bacteria through the use of myeloperoxidase,
acid hydrolases, and proteases.
What are the secondary granules of neutrophils responsible for? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Sequestering Fe+ and B12 from bacteria and break down
connective tissue through the use of lactoferrin, transcobalamin,
collagenase, and gelatinase.
What are neutrophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bacterial
infections. Ingests/Digests microbes.
, What are eosinophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Parasitic/helminthic infections and allergies.
What are basophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergic
reactions. Secrete histamine that cause vasodilation and allows WBCs to
leak through.
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter
peripheral tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Macrophages
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter liver
tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Kapffer cells
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter lung
tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alveolar macrophages
What are monocytes responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Ingest/digest foreign microbes and present the antigen of the microbe
to T cells. Secrete cytokines to promote inflammation. Also play a role in
tumor cytotoxicity
Big differences between neutrophils and monocytes? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Monocytes present antigens, neutrophils do not. Monocytes survive
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
Questions and Verified Answers |
Already Graded A+
What's a shift to the left mean? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increase # of bands
(immature neutrophils)
What's the most common cause of a shift to the left? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Any
acute inflammation, but most commonly caused by bacterial infections.
What's the difference between a neutrophil and a band on a cellular level? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Neutrophils have a segmented nucleus while bands do not.
(Think PMN)
How long after an infection occur does it take for a dramatic increase in
neutrophils/bands? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Pretty quickly (within hours)
,What are the most common opsonins? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔C3b and IgG
T/F. Pathology with immunoglobulin and/or C3b would affect neutrophil's
ability to kill microbes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔True. Neutrophils can only target
bacteria that has been opsonized.
Once engulfed, how does the neutrophil kill the microbe? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Contents of the granules and lysozymes inside the neutrophil break
down the cell wall and kill the microbe. Superoxides and enzymes play a
role as well.
What are the primary granules of neutrophils responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Aid in digestion/killing of bacteria through the use of myeloperoxidase,
acid hydrolases, and proteases.
What are the secondary granules of neutrophils responsible for? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Sequestering Fe+ and B12 from bacteria and break down
connective tissue through the use of lactoferrin, transcobalamin,
collagenase, and gelatinase.
What are neutrophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bacterial
infections. Ingests/Digests microbes.
, What are eosinophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Parasitic/helminthic infections and allergies.
What are basophils responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergic
reactions. Secrete histamine that cause vasodilation and allows WBCs to
leak through.
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter
peripheral tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Macrophages
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter liver
tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Kapffer cells
What do monocytes turn into when they leave the blood and enter lung
tissue? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alveolar macrophages
What are monocytes responsible for in general? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Ingest/digest foreign microbes and present the antigen of the microbe
to T cells. Secrete cytokines to promote inflammation. Also play a role in
tumor cytotoxicity
Big differences between neutrophils and monocytes? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Monocytes present antigens, neutrophils do not. Monocytes survive
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
