INTRO TO LAW FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE // A+ GRADED
PRESENTATION // LEGAL PRINCIPLES COURT SYSTEMS
RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITIES AND FOUNDATIONS OF LAW
FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
Delegation Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER-Article 1, Section 8: Congress
may assign some of its authority to federal admin agencies
Independent Administrative Agency - CORRECT ANSWER-created by
Congress. May only be removed from their positions for good reasons
("cause").
ex. EPA, EEOC, FCC, FTC, SEC
Executive Administrative Agencies - CORRECT ANSWER-created by the
Executive branch. May be removed by the president without cause.
First Degree Murder - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliberate and Premeditated
killing
Homicide or Involuntary Manslaughter - CORRECT ANSWER-a charge
brought when a person's death was caused by another person's
carelessness, or is the result of a person defending himself.
Respondeat Superior - CORRECT ANSWER-"let the master answer" an
employer is vicariously liable for the behavior of employees
Defenses to Criminal Charges - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Consent
,2) Duress - imminent threat of death or bodily harm
3) Entrapment - convinced to do a crime by gov't
4) Infancy - children under 14
5) Insanity - M'Naghten rule; don't know right from wrong
6) Intoxication
7) Justification (Self-Defense)
8) Mistake (of Fact or of Law)
Fifth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER-Protects from:
1) Double Jeopardy
2) Self-incrimination
Exclusionary Rule - CORRECT ANSWER-exclude evidence in a criminal
trial that has been gotten illegally by the government
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER-exclude
evidence gotten illegally or that is the product of a search that violated the
criminal defendant's Constitutional rights.
,Subpoena - CORRECT ANSWER-court order demanding that a person
testify in a civil or criminal trial or produce certain documents for the trial
Contempt of Court - CORRECT ANSWER-punishment of a fine or jail time
due to failure to follow court orders or respect the court's authority in a case
Mistrial - CORRECT ANSWER-an unsuccessful trial, for example, because
the jury can't reach a decision (hung jury)
Miranda warning - CORRECT ANSWER-A series of statements informing
criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights, such as the
right to remain silent and the right to counsel: required by Supreme Court's
1966 decision in Miranda v. Arizona
Tort - CORRECT ANSWER--civil wrong, NOT NECESSARILY ILLEGAL
-person's behavior has unjustly caused someone else to suffer loss or
harm
-breach of an expressed (or implied) duty to others
**If they lose, the defendant is held LIABLE, not guilty
Intentional Torts - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Assault -intentional; reasonable
fear of imminent injury
2) Battery -intentional; results in injury
3) False Imprisonment
4) Defamation
5) Intentional Infliction of emotional distress
, 6) Invasion of Privacy
7) Fraud/Negligent misrepresentation
8) Wrongful interference with contracts
9) Wrongful interference with business relationships
Defamation - CORRECT ANSWER-publication of false statements that
harm a person's reputation
1) Written defamation = libel
2) Spoken defamation = slander
**Public figures must PROVE defamatory statements were made with
malice
Defenses to Intentional Torts - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Consent.
2) Self-Defense
3) Truth of a statement (defamation)
Tort Claims Based on Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Reasonable
Person Standard
2) Proximate and Foreseeable Cause
Res Ipsa Loquitur - CORRECT ANSWER-"the thing speaks for itself" - a
defendant was negligent based on the fact that the defendant was injured
PRESENTATION // LEGAL PRINCIPLES COURT SYSTEMS
RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITIES AND FOUNDATIONS OF LAW
FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
Delegation Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER-Article 1, Section 8: Congress
may assign some of its authority to federal admin agencies
Independent Administrative Agency - CORRECT ANSWER-created by
Congress. May only be removed from their positions for good reasons
("cause").
ex. EPA, EEOC, FCC, FTC, SEC
Executive Administrative Agencies - CORRECT ANSWER-created by the
Executive branch. May be removed by the president without cause.
First Degree Murder - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliberate and Premeditated
killing
Homicide or Involuntary Manslaughter - CORRECT ANSWER-a charge
brought when a person's death was caused by another person's
carelessness, or is the result of a person defending himself.
Respondeat Superior - CORRECT ANSWER-"let the master answer" an
employer is vicariously liable for the behavior of employees
Defenses to Criminal Charges - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Consent
,2) Duress - imminent threat of death or bodily harm
3) Entrapment - convinced to do a crime by gov't
4) Infancy - children under 14
5) Insanity - M'Naghten rule; don't know right from wrong
6) Intoxication
7) Justification (Self-Defense)
8) Mistake (of Fact or of Law)
Fifth Amendment - CORRECT ANSWER-Protects from:
1) Double Jeopardy
2) Self-incrimination
Exclusionary Rule - CORRECT ANSWER-exclude evidence in a criminal
trial that has been gotten illegally by the government
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine - CORRECT ANSWER-exclude
evidence gotten illegally or that is the product of a search that violated the
criminal defendant's Constitutional rights.
,Subpoena - CORRECT ANSWER-court order demanding that a person
testify in a civil or criminal trial or produce certain documents for the trial
Contempt of Court - CORRECT ANSWER-punishment of a fine or jail time
due to failure to follow court orders or respect the court's authority in a case
Mistrial - CORRECT ANSWER-an unsuccessful trial, for example, because
the jury can't reach a decision (hung jury)
Miranda warning - CORRECT ANSWER-A series of statements informing
criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights, such as the
right to remain silent and the right to counsel: required by Supreme Court's
1966 decision in Miranda v. Arizona
Tort - CORRECT ANSWER--civil wrong, NOT NECESSARILY ILLEGAL
-person's behavior has unjustly caused someone else to suffer loss or
harm
-breach of an expressed (or implied) duty to others
**If they lose, the defendant is held LIABLE, not guilty
Intentional Torts - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Assault -intentional; reasonable
fear of imminent injury
2) Battery -intentional; results in injury
3) False Imprisonment
4) Defamation
5) Intentional Infliction of emotional distress
, 6) Invasion of Privacy
7) Fraud/Negligent misrepresentation
8) Wrongful interference with contracts
9) Wrongful interference with business relationships
Defamation - CORRECT ANSWER-publication of false statements that
harm a person's reputation
1) Written defamation = libel
2) Spoken defamation = slander
**Public figures must PROVE defamatory statements were made with
malice
Defenses to Intentional Torts - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Consent.
2) Self-Defense
3) Truth of a statement (defamation)
Tort Claims Based on Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Reasonable
Person Standard
2) Proximate and Foreseeable Cause
Res Ipsa Loquitur - CORRECT ANSWER-"the thing speaks for itself" - a
defendant was negligent based on the fact that the defendant was injured
