, Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
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cell compartment.
x@ x@
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping i
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
n two potassium ions.
x@ x@ x@
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is cr
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eated in the presence of oxygen?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid x@ x@ x@
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A x@ x@ x@
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. How x@ many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. x @ x @ 2
2. x @ x @ 3
3. x @ x @ 34
4. x @ x @ 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids x@
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids x@
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
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2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
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6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress x@ x@ x@
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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3. During a severe hypoxic state x@ x@ x@ x@
4. During the processing of prohormone x@ x@ x@ x@
,7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles
x@
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula x@
x @ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Actin and myosin x@ x@
2. Prohormone and tubulin x@ x@
3. Tubulin and actin x@ x@
4. Myosin and prohormone x@ x@
x @ 9. x @ Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes x@
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Accumulation of ganglioside x@ x@
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity x@ x@ x@ x@
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
x@ taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
x@ x@
x @
x@ x @
x@ x@ x@
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is li
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
kely to be involved?
x@ x@ x@
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular com
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ponent is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
transferred?
1. Transfer RNA x@
2. Ribosomal RNA x@
3. Double helix of DNA x@ x@ x@
4. Mitochondrial DNA x@
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a lon
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
g, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Cellular hypoxia x@
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema x@
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
x@ x@ x@ x@
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Multiple Choice
x@
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
cell compartment.
x@ x@
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping i
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
n two potassium ions.
x@ x@ x@
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is cr
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eated in the presence of oxygen?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid x@ x@ x@
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A x@ x@ x@
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. How x@ many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. x @ x @ 2
2. x @ x @ 3
3. x @ x @ 34
4. x @ x @ 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids x@
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids x@
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress x@ x@ x@
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. During a severe hypoxic state x@ x@ x@ x@
4. During the processing of prohormone x@ x@ x@ x@
,7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles
x@
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula x@
x @ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Actin and myosin x@ x@
2. Prohormone and tubulin x@ x@
3. Tubulin and actin x@ x@
4. Myosin and prohormone x@ x@
x @ 9. x @ Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes x@
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Accumulation of ganglioside x@ x@
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity x@ x@ x@ x@
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
x@ taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
x@ x@
x @
x@ x @
x@ x@ x@
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is li
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
kely to be involved?
x@ x@ x@
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular com
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ponent is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
transferred?
1. Transfer RNA x@
2. Ribosomal RNA x@
3. Double helix of DNA x@ x@ x@
4. Mitochondrial DNA x@
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a lon
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
g, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. Cellular hypoxia x@
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema x@
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
x @ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
x@ x@ x@ x@
