Ivy Tech APHY 101 Final Exam | 2025/2026
Latest Edition | 100 Questions | Real Exam
Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Accuracy | Anatomy & Physiology I |
Graded A+
Questions 1–20 – Introduction & Cellular Structure
Q1: What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Organ system
Answer: c) Cell
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental unit that performs all life processes.
Q2: Which organelle is responsible for energy (ATP) production?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria convert nutrients into ATP via cellular respiration.
Q3: The function of the nucleus is:
a) Protein synthesis
b) Storage of genetic material (DNA)
c) Lipid metabolism
d) Waste breakdown
Answer: b) Storage of DNA
Rationale: Nucleus controls cell activities by storing and regulating genetic information.
,Q4: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:
a) Packaging and transporting proteins
b) Producing ATP
c) Breaking down waste
d) Synthesizing DNA
Answer: a) Packaging and transporting proteins
Rationale: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
Q5: Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste?
a) Lysosome
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: a) Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes digest cellular debris and pathogens.
Q6: Ribosomes are responsible for:
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA replication
c) Energy production
d) Lipid storage
Answer: a) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains.
Q7: Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Plasma membrane
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Plasma membrane
Rationale: Selectively permeable membrane regulates transport.
Q8: Osmosis is the movement of:
a) Solute from low to high concentration
b) Water from high to low concentration
c) Ions against the concentration gradient
d) Proteins into organelles
Answer: b) Water from high to low concentration
Rationale: Osmosis specifically involves water movement across a semipermeable
membrane.
, Q9: Diffusion is:
a) Passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration
b) Active transport requiring ATP
c) Endocytosis
d) Exocytosis
Answer: a) Passive movement high → low
Rationale: Diffusion does not require energy and moves substances along the
concentration gradient.
Q10: Active transport differs from diffusion because it:
a) Requires energy
b) Moves molecules down the gradient
c) Does not involve proteins
d) Only occurs in lysosomes
Answer: a) Requires energy
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move molecules against the concentration
gradient.
Q11: Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?
a) Ribosome
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes lack a membrane and are free-floating or attached to the ER.
Q12: The cytoskeleton is important for:
a) Structural support and movement
b) ATP synthesis
c) Protein packaging
d) Genetic material storage
Answer: a) Structural support and movement
Rationale: Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form the
cytoskeleton.
Q13: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in:
a) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) ATP production
Latest Edition | 100 Questions | Real Exam
Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Accuracy | Anatomy & Physiology I |
Graded A+
Questions 1–20 – Introduction & Cellular Structure
Q1: What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Organ system
Answer: c) Cell
Rationale: The cell is the fundamental unit that performs all life processes.
Q2: Which organelle is responsible for energy (ATP) production?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosome
Answer: b) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria convert nutrients into ATP via cellular respiration.
Q3: The function of the nucleus is:
a) Protein synthesis
b) Storage of genetic material (DNA)
c) Lipid metabolism
d) Waste breakdown
Answer: b) Storage of DNA
Rationale: Nucleus controls cell activities by storing and regulating genetic information.
,Q4: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:
a) Packaging and transporting proteins
b) Producing ATP
c) Breaking down waste
d) Synthesizing DNA
Answer: a) Packaging and transporting proteins
Rationale: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
Q5: Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste?
a) Lysosome
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: a) Lysosome
Rationale: Lysosomes digest cellular debris and pathogens.
Q6: Ribosomes are responsible for:
a) Protein synthesis
b) DNA replication
c) Energy production
d) Lipid storage
Answer: a) Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains.
Q7: Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Plasma membrane
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Plasma membrane
Rationale: Selectively permeable membrane regulates transport.
Q8: Osmosis is the movement of:
a) Solute from low to high concentration
b) Water from high to low concentration
c) Ions against the concentration gradient
d) Proteins into organelles
Answer: b) Water from high to low concentration
Rationale: Osmosis specifically involves water movement across a semipermeable
membrane.
, Q9: Diffusion is:
a) Passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration
b) Active transport requiring ATP
c) Endocytosis
d) Exocytosis
Answer: a) Passive movement high → low
Rationale: Diffusion does not require energy and moves substances along the
concentration gradient.
Q10: Active transport differs from diffusion because it:
a) Requires energy
b) Moves molecules down the gradient
c) Does not involve proteins
d) Only occurs in lysosomes
Answer: a) Requires energy
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move molecules against the concentration
gradient.
Q11: Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?
a) Ribosome
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
d) Lysosome
Answer: a) Ribosome
Rationale: Ribosomes lack a membrane and are free-floating or attached to the ER.
Q12: The cytoskeleton is important for:
a) Structural support and movement
b) ATP synthesis
c) Protein packaging
d) Genetic material storage
Answer: a) Structural support and movement
Rationale: Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form the
cytoskeleton.
Q13: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in:
a) Lipid synthesis and detoxification
b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) ATP production
